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Volume 38, Issue 10
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Toru EDA1963 Volume 38 Issue 10 Pages 395-398
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author reported in previous papers that the isoniazid-resistant strains of tubercle bacilli or of atypical mycobacteria incorporated less amount of 14C-isoniazid than the isoniazid-sensitive strains, in non-growing but actively metabolizing state.
This paper deals with the incorporati on of 14Cisoniazid into the isoniazid-resistant and isoniazidsensitive strains of mycobacteria at the growing phase, and the investigation of the metabolism of 14C-isoniazid in these microbes.
When the isoniazid-sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was grown in the Tween 8O synthetic medium not containing isoniazid for 10 days at 37°C, followed by further cultivation in the same medium containing 2 mcg/ml of 14C-isoniazid for 7 days at 37°C, more than 10 times amount of 14C-isoniazid was incorporated into the cells, as compared with the case when the isoniazidresistant strains were cultured with the same procedure. Contents of 14C-isoniazid in the cell-free extract of isoniazid-sensitive strain was also much higher than that of isoniazid-resistant ones, as in the case of whole cells.
When these cell-free extracts were fractionated with trichloroacetic acid, almost all radioactivity of 14C-isoniazid was found in the acid-soluble fraction rather than in the acid-insoluble fraction.
From these results, it is suggeste d that the action of isoniazid to sensitive mycobacteria is the inhibition of biochemical activity of acid-soluble substance, probaly of a coenzyme, rather than the inactivation of active site of an enzyme, and that the mechanism of the isoniazid-resistance depends on smaller incorporation of isoniazid by the resistant strains, probably due to the decreased permeability of cell-surface (cytoplasmic membrane)against isoniazid.View full abstractDownload PDF (956K) -
Tatsuji OGAWA, Noriko OTANI1963 Volume 38 Issue 10 Pages 399-403
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of performing niacin test correctly, the authors conducted several studies, of which the results were partly reported elswhere.
In the present study, the effect of the length of culture period on the results of niacin test was examined. The procedure employed was a modified Runyon's method using benzidine cyanogen bromide. The stock cultures used were 2 strains of human tubercle bacilli, two of bovine tubercle bacilli, a strain of avian mycobacterium and six of atypical acid fast bacilli, all of which had been successively transferred on 1 % Ogawa media at 3°C for 1 to 10 months. Also freshly isolated strains consisted of human tubercle bacilli and atypical acid fast bacilli were used. Among there five hundred sixty seven strains were considered to be human tubercle bacilli which had either been isolated from sputa on 3 % Ogawa media, or grown on the control media for the sensitivity tests, and cultivated for 3 to 6 weeks. Fifty one strains were considered to be non-phathogenic acid fast bacilli which had been successively transferred on 1 % Ogawa media for 1 to 8 months. The total number of the tests performed was 149, the results of which were expressed as negative (-), doubtful (±), weakly positive (+), moderately positive (_??_)and strongly positive (_??_). Following were results obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1074K) -
Mitsuo MATSUMOTO, Akira NAGATA, Minami MASE1963 Volume 38 Issue 10 Pages 404-406_2
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3672K) -
Michiaki MAEDA, Nozomu ASAMI, Toyoho MUROHASHI, Ryoji TAKAI, Sumimasa ...1963 Volume 38 Issue 10 Pages 407-412
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTuberculin reaction by PPD-s in a concentration of 0.05γ per O.1ml was compared with that of Old Tuberculin in a dilution of 1: 2, 000 in different age groups. Two sorts of PPD-s, freeze-dried with and without gum arabic, were used for the experiment. Both PPD-s and OT were injected intradermally on the flexor surface of both forearms alternatively, and the reaction was read 48 hours after the injection. Comparison was made between the tuberculin reaction by PPD-s and OT on the rate of positive reactors, that of the reactors with palpable induration and double erythema, and the size of the reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1166K) -
Kokichi OKAMOTO, Ryozo FUJINAGA, Hideo YAMAUCHI1963 Volume 38 Issue 10 Pages 413-417
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim or our study is to investigate the properties of semi-solid agar medium for depth culture of tubercle bacilli as compared with those of solid medium for surface culture and with those of liquid medium for submerged culture. The results have been reported in part. The observations made by us disclosed that in cultures under oxygen environment or with INH solution superposed on the medium, the disc of colonies submerged below the surface of the medium, the distance from the surface of the medium being related to the concentration of INH, that is, the growth of tubercle bacilli was inhibited in the uppermost layer of the medium.
Each of minimum inhibitory concentrati ons of SM, KM, VM, PAS and INH obtained with this culture method using semi-solid agar medium was very close to that obtained from the dilution method with liquid medium.
The present method was also found to be useful for the detection of the antibacterial effect of sera of patients under treatment with various antituberculous agents. Following are the results obtained.
1) Serum level of KM after intramuscul ar administration The minimum inhibitory concentration of KM obtained with the present method was about 1 mcg/ml, and this method could be employed for measuring the concentration of KM ranging from 20 to 1 mcg/ml.
Two-fold dilutions of the serum were used for the tests. Serum levels 4 hours after 1 gm intramuscular administration in 30 cases ranged from 80 mcg/ml to less than 10 mcg/ml.
2) Specific effect of seru m under combined drug therapy
The depths of the inhibitory zones and appearances of discs varied in accordance with the various drugs combined as in the cases treated with INH or KM. Especially, serum 4 hours after SM-PASINH administration showed marked growth inhibitory effect in the tube cultures. Colonies in the discs were smaller and less in number than those in cases treated with INH or KM alone. The growth inhibitory effect of sera collected 12 hours after administration was less than 4 hour sera.
At present, various antituberculous age nts are clinically available and usually given combined. Therefore, it is important to know the total effect of the combined drug therapy in vivo as well as the effect of individual drugs in vitro.
The culture method described ca n be used for the evaluation of the total effect of the combined drug therapy with a single medium and sera of patients.
Tubercle bacilli grow in 5 to 6 days w ith this culture method and the examination described above can be conducted in this short period.View full abstractDownload PDF (986K) -
[in Japanese]1963 Volume 38 Issue 10 Pages 418-429
Published: 1963
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous reports, the anthors made analysis on the factors influencing the radiological aggravation after the cessation of chemotherapy and came to the conclusion that the aggravation was different by age, duration of chemotherapy, maximal size and type of pulmonary lesion at the end of treatment.
In the present report, the authors made further analysis on the factors influencing radiological aggravation after the cessation of treatment on 3464cases of pulmonary tuberculosis treated at out-patient clinics of Japan Antituberculosis Association. Among 3464 cases, 2520 were original treatment cases and 944 were retreatment cases, and and follow-up period after the cessation of treatment was the following: 0-1 year 710, 1.1-2 years 815, 2.1-3 years 622, 3.1-5 years 856, and longer than15 years 461.
When analysis was made on one factor, comparison was carried out among cases with the same back ground factders regarding other factors. The results were as follows:
1) Radiological aggravation after the cessation of chemotherapy was significantly lower in the group consisted of cases treated by INH daily and PAS or triple drug combination with SM, INH and PAS (SM twice weekly) than the group treated by SM twice weekly and PAS followed by INH twice weekly and PAS or the group treated by INH twice weekly and PAS. The difference among the latter two groups was not significant.
2) No significant difference was found in radiological aggravation after the cessation of chemotherapy between the group with maximal size of pulmonaly lesion smaller than O.5 cm at the end of treatment and that with O.5-0.9 cm.
3) Radiological aggravation w as significantly higher in the group with extent of pulmonary lesion 1/6-1/3 of one lung field at the end of treatment than that with less than 1/6, but no significant difference was found between the group with 1/6-1/3and that with 1/3-1 lung field.View full abstractDownload PDF (1937K)
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