The auther tried to evaluate the efficacy of mass examination of tuberculosis by decreasing rate of mortality rate from tuberculosis after the mass examination.
In Japan, nation-wide surveys of tuberculosis have been carried out 4 times every five years since 1953 and their rates of response were more than 98%; i. e., 99.3% in 1953, 98.9% in 1958 and 98.1% in 1963. The sample population were randomly selected from the stratified sampling unit areas. It was assumed that these sample populations have had one more chance of complete chest examination compared with the other persons in Japan.
The numbers of examinees were 50, 340 in 1953, 68, 269 in 1958 and 73, 399 in 1963. They were followed up one year and five years after the survey and the number of deaths were checked up.
The mortality ratios of the observed death to the expected were calculated. The mortality ratio was 0.70 (male 0.91 and female 0.44) in 1953 group, 0.76 (male 0.99and female 0.59) in 1958 group and 0.56 (male 0.57 and female 0.33) in 1963 group. The declining trend of mortality rate from tuberculosis was especially remarkable in female, but they were not satistically significant. During five years' observation, the mortality ratios were markedly decreased, namely, 0.31 in 1953 group, 0.68 in 1958group and 0.43 in 1963 group. These figures were statistically significant.
The above results suggest that there are still quite many und etected patients suffering from tuberculosis in Japan, and complete chest examination in such a group may cause reduction of mortality rate from tuberculosis in a few years.

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Mode of action of Kanamycin on Mycobacterium bovis BCG was studied. S-30extract as a source of ribosomes and S-100 fractions as a source of supernatant factors were prepared from BCG cells. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from phage f₂particles and used as a messenger.

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During the six-year period from 1966 to 1971, the author conducted 11, 431 sputum culture and obtained 382 specimens of atypical mycobacteria from 74 cases. These 74cases were subjected to the following biological property tests:
1) The pigmentation of the colonies on the Ogawa eg g medium proved to be orange, orange yellow, light orange, light yellow white, greyish white and white. The most frequent was greyish white followed by orange, while the least frequent were orange yellow and white. The difference in the color tone was surveyed with an automatic spectrophotometer (HITACHI ESP 3T), but no conspicuous results were obtained since all the colors showed a similar curve with 450 mμ at its peak. When petro-ether and acetone were employed to abstract the pigments, those of photochromogens could easily be abstracted while it took considerably longer time in the other groups.
2) Most of the colonies on the Ogawa egg medium were roun d in shape and only a few presented other forms. However, because of the great number of bacteria on the egg medium, there were many cases whose form could not be identified.
3) As for the smoothness of the colonies, most of the atypical mycobacteria showed smooth colonies, whereas a part of the photochromogens and nonphotochromogens showed a rough form.
4) When the b acteria were observed under a microscope by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, the photochromogens proved to be long bacilli, while the nonphotochromogens and all the others were short bacilli.
5) Some of the photochromogens presented inconspicuous cord formation while the others did not.
6) As fo r the temperature of culture, all atypical mycobacteria showed growth at 37°C, and only one case of nonphotochromogens did not grow at 25°C. Comparing the grade of colour production after exposure to light at different. Culture temperature, the grade was more marked at 37°C.

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Therapeutic effects of Lividomycin (LVM) for eighty eight retreatment cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with positive tubercle bacilli were studied. LVM was principally added to the previous regimens which had been used before this trial, and this drug was used in place of SM, KM, CPM and VM. LVM was administered in the dose of 1 g intramuscularly three times a week in the case with body weight more than 50 kg and 0.75 g in the case with less than 49 kg. Those cases were div ided into two groups, namely the fifty two cases of A group in which sensitive drugs or unused drugs were combined and the thirty six cases of B group in which only resistant drugs or previously used drugs were used. The background factors between both groups were nearly equal.

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A 45 years old hausewife passing by a BCG vaccinator was accidentally inoculated with BCG vaccine for transcutaneous use into her left side abdominal cavity. A vaccine was inspired into 10 ml syringes, and the dose of vaccine inoculated was not clear.
Though only slight abdominal pain and fullness of abdomen were felt on her way home, about 7 days later, her temperature rose to 38-39°C.14 days later, a subcutaneous abscess appeared at the site of inoculation, and thereafter, exudate was also proved in Douglas cavity.
These symptoms recovered gradually by the treatment with antituberculous drugs.
8 months after the accident, she underwent an operation for removal of uter u s myoma. Findings of the abdominal cavity were as follows: the sigmoid flexure was fixed by fibrous adhesion, but the large and the small intestines were intact. Mesenteric lymph nodes were not enlarged. The peritoneum at the site of inoculation revealed a scar but no adhesion.
Acid-fast bacteria isolated from the pus and t h e ascites showed negative reactions in the nitrate reduction or heat-stable catalase test, but positive in catalase activity. They had the same reactions in niacin test as BCG.
Guinea pigs and rabbits injected subcutaneously with 0-.05 mg of cultures of the two strains: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the isolate from ascites, became positive to tuberculin test. Animals were sacrificed at 11 weeks (guinea pigs) or 13 weeks (rabbits) after injection. Those inoculated with the isolate showed no tubercles in their spleen, liver, lungs and lymph nodes, and acid-fast bacilli were not recovered from these organs, while guinea pigs inoculated with M. tuberculosis showed tubercles in their organs and M. tuberculosis were recovered.
From these results it was concluded that the isola t es were low-virulent mycobacteria and compatible with BCG.

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