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Volume 61, Issue 5
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The Same Tendency of Epidemiological State as Seen in the Preceding YearTHE MYCOBACTERIOSIS RESEARCH GROUP OF THE JAPANESE1986 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 277-284
Published: May 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Of 2, 781 patients newly admitted in the year 1984 to the mycobacteriosis departments of the participating hospitals, 129 patients (4.6%) had lung infection due to nontuberculous mycobacteria. The prevalence rate of the lung disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the year 1984 was estimated as 2.13 per 105 population per year, and the prevalence rates of the M. kansasii disease and of the M. avium complex disease as 0.44 and 1.58 per 105 population, respectively (Table 1 and 9).
The prevalence rate of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis was higher in the prefectures of Aichi, Osaka, Tokushima and Kochi which are in the South-West coast of the Pacific Ocean (Fig. 1 and Table 1).
2. The kind of the species of mycobacteria that caused lung infection in newly admitted patients are shown in Table 2. Seven species appeared as causative organisms.
3. The species of mycobacteria that caused lung infection in patients who were admitted in the preceding years and stayed in the year 1984 in the participating hospitals are shown in Table 4.
When compared with the species that caused disease in newly admitted patients, the ratios of the species M. avium complex and M. fortuitum were higher in the patients who stayed from the preceding years. The fact suggests that the disease due to these species are difficult to cure.
4. The bed occupation rate of patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis was determined as 10.2% (Table 5). The rate is almost similar to the rate in the year 1983, although the rate has inoreased continuously from the year 1971 (0.9%) to the year 1983 (9.7%).
5. The sex and the age of patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis are shown in Table 6.
6. The frequency of isolation of non-tuberGulous mycobacteria from sputum specimens of hospitalized patients by monthly sputum examination was estimated as 18.1% (Table 7). This value was the highest since 1971View full abstractDownload PDF (822K) -
Nobuaki IKEDA1986 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 285-292
Published: May 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy the members of the First Department of medicine, Chest Disease Research Institute, Kyoto University, many comparative studies were undertaken in vitro to investigate the clinical chemotherapeutic effects of principal antituberculous drugs, and bacteriostatic and bactericidal abilities of every drug under various experimental conditions and factors were discussed. When we evaluated the ability of each drug, it was essential to consider allover results obtained under following conditions and factors of experiments.
1) Various periods of contact of bacilli with drugs.
2) Intermittent and continuous contact of bacilli with drugs.
3) Contact of bacilli with drugs under various conditions and factors inadequate for the growth of tubercle bacilli.
a) Incubating temperature (37°C, 25°C and 4°C).
b) The activity of drugs after exposure to PAS.
c) The effects of 02, CO2 and N2 gas exposure on the activity of drugs.
These experiments were carried out by using the silicone-coated slide culture (SSC) method and H37Rv strain.
The results of these experiments showed that RFP had the most extensive effects, especially prominent bactericidal activity even in a short period of time and in intermittent contact with bacilli. I think that these findings support the satisfactory clinical results of short course chemotherapy with regimens including RFP. And, each drug has respective characteristic abilities, for example, PAS has strong bacteriostatic but scarcely bactericidal activity, and INH has a small difference between minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) in continuous contact, but a large difference in intermittent contact with bacilli, and so forth.
On the other hand, we elucidated that the small difference between MIC and MSC of drugs was desirable to improve the bactericidal effect in combined chemotherapy. For all that, it was almost impossible to intensify the antituberculosis chemotherapeutic effects of these drugs under conditions and factors inadequate for the growth of tubercle bacilli in vitro.
Therefore, I think that quite new ideas are necessary to accomplish the eradicative chemotherapy under every environment, and the present results of in vitro experiments obtained under various conditions and factors have a very significant meaning in order to complete the eradicative chemotherapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1120K) -
Hiroshi SATO, Masako SASAKI, Nobuko KUMANO, Kotaro OIZUMI, Masakichi M ...1986 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 293-297
Published: May 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerum factors and cell-mediated immunity were compared between the group of chronic excrators of tubercle bacilli and the group of the patients in which the tubercle bacilli had become negative within 6 months after the starting of the treatment.
The reduction of the ratio of serum albumin to globulin, increase of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and immunosuppressive acidic protein, were found in the chronic excrator of tubercle bacilli. The depression of cell-mediated immunity, judged by the decrease of the ratio of Helper/inducer T lymphocytes to Suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the reduced skin reaction to PPD was also found in the group of chronic excrators. These results seem to indicate the persistence of inflammation and the depression of cell-mediated immunity in the host of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who excrate the tubercle bacilli chronicallyView full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Hidesaku ASAKURA, Kunio KONDOU, Shinji NAKAO, Yuuichi ARAI, Takeshi KI ...1986 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 299-302
Published: May 15, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of tuberculous empyema of necessity was presented.
The patient, a 68 year old male was admitted for the treatment of the mass on the left thoracic wall. The mass contained purulent materials and the culture for Mycobac terium tuberculosis was positive. Antituberculous drugs (RFP, INH, EB) improved rapidly the tuberculous empyema of necessity.
The characteristics of CT scanning, bone scanning, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous abscess were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3642K)
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