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Volume 63, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Michio TSUKAMURA1988 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 151-155
Published: March 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman infections caused by Mycobacterium malmoense are reviewed.Important characteristics for identifying this organism are shown in Table 2.Cases of infection due to this organism have been reported principally in Europe especially in England and Wales. Infection sites are lungs and cervical lymph nodes.The lung infection seems to occur with pre-existing failure of clearance of respiratory tract or immunodeficiency.Sex and age of patients are similar to those of other mycobacterioses (male predominant and middle or high aged).X-ray findings of lung infection show frequently thin-walled cavities with scanty surrounding infiltration.Medical treatment is not so effective because M. malmoense strains are resistant to the majority of antituberculosis agents except kanamycin and enviomycin.View full abstractDownload PDF (537K) -
Naomi KAMIGAWARA, Yukio UESHIBA1988 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 157-166
Published: March 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNinety-six children with tuberculosis, aged 3 months to 15 years, received initial chemotherapy for 9 to 12 months.The daily doses of INH was 10 mg/kg to a maximum of 300 mg and of RFP was 10mg/kg to a maximum of 450 mg.SM was given twice a week with the dose of 30 mg/kg to a maximum of 1.0g.
The following regimens were prescribed:
A.Primary complex-INH and RFP (6 months) +INH (3 months)
B-1: Tuberculous meningitis, miliary tuberculosis, and caseous pneumonia-INH, RFP and SM (6 months) +INH and RFP (6 months).Tuberculous meningitis has been treated with SM daily and with prednisolone for the initial one month.
B-2: Particular cases of primary complex such as the enlargement of paratracheal gland, the compression of main bronchus by enlarged lymph nodes, moderately advanced cases, and delayed in starting treatment, were treated by the following regimen: INH, RFP, SM (3 to 6 months) followed by INH and RFP (total of 9 to 12 months). Since the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy tends to be delayed, it was treated in the same manner as B-2.Chronic plumonary tuberculosis was also treated in the same manner.
The duration of follow up study of 24 cases was from 66 to 99 months after the cessation of chemotherapy, and no relapse was seen.
Two of 96 patients relapsed, one was primary tuberculosis and the other was chronic plumonary tuberculosis.
Short course chemotherapy was applied to children with tuberculosis and excellent results were obtained.However, the results of sensitivity tests of children or suspected source of infection should be taken into consideration.
The dose of INH should be 15 to 20mg/kg in cases of tuberculous meningitis, miliary tuberculosis, caseous pneumonia, enlargement of paratracheal gland, and with the compres sion of adjacent bronchi by hilar lymph nodes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1182K) -
Hajime SAITO, Katsumasa SATO, Haruaki TOMIOKA1988 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 167-172
Published: March 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (643K) -
Hajime SAITO, Katsumasa SATO, Haruaki TOMIOKA1988 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 173-179
Published: March 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActivities of rifabutine (RFB) and rifampicin (RFP) against Mycobacterium avium complex were studied and the following results were obtained.
When zymosan A elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages ingesting M.avium complex were incubated in culture medium containing either RFB or RFP (1 and 10μg/ml) for 3 days, microbicidal activity of RFB against the organisms phagocytosed in the macrophages was higher than that of RFP.A significant inhibition of the growth of the organisms in the macrophages was noted in the presence of 1μg/ml of RFB, and a decrease in the organisms was observed in the presence of 10μg/ml of RFB.RFP exhibited no such effects.
RFB and RFP decreased in the number of organisms in the lungs and spleen of mice infected with M. avium complex when each agent was given by gavage to mice 24h after infection in the dose of 0.5 (N-276 strain) or 2 (N-260 strain) mg per mouse once daily, 6 times a week, for 4 weeks.The therapeutic effects of RFB were somewhat higher than that of RFP.View full abstractDownload PDF (797K) -
Atsuo MIYACHI, Yoshiki SUGIURA, Kosho YOSHIKAWA, Masanobu SUGIURA, Hir ...1988 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 181-184
Published: March 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 44-year-old man was urgently admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea and emacination.The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made by the positive smear test of the sputum for tubercle bacilli.A severe hyponatremia, compatible with Bartter's criteria for SIADH, was detected.We concluded that pulmonary tuberculosis was the primary cause of SIADH, because any other causes could not be found and the hyponatremia was gradually relieved during the therapy with antituberculous agents and demeclocycline.
There have been a few case reports concerning SIADH associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in Japan.This could be explained first by the fact that the incidence of severe pulmonary tuberculosis has been markedly decreased after the clinical application of excellent antituberculous agents.Secondly, even if SIADH occurrs, it might be overlooked because in only rare cases the level of serum sodium becomes as low as 120 mEq/l or below and it easily returns to a normal level relatively soon after the institution of antituberculous therapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1859K) -
Morito NAKAYAMA, Yuji NATORI, Masafumi YOSHIZAWA, Shigemitsu TAKAYAMA, ...1988 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 185-188_1
Published: March 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNasopharyngeal tuberculosis accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis was not rare in pre-chemotherapy era, whereas solitary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis with negative chest X-ray was very rare not only in Japan, but also throughout the world.
A case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis without signs of active or prior radiographic findings of tuberculosis is reported.
The patient was a 45-year-old woman, who complained of pharyngeal pain, left nasal obstruction and a feeling of fullness in the left ear.Ulcers with thick yellow-white coating were seen in the nasopharynx.Biopsy specimens revealed tuberculous changes with acid fast bacilli and culture of swab from the nasopharynx was positive for tubercle bacilli.
Generally speaking, the prognosis of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is good, but early detection and treatment is important as nasopharyngeal obstruction may occur if the disease is detected in later stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (4293K) -
Ikuya YANO1988 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 191-204
Published: March 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe most characteristic component of the cell walls of the acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacteria and Nocardia, has been known to be“mycolic acid”, a very high molecular weight 3-hydroxy fatty acid with a long alkyl chain at the 2-position.These acids are associated with cell wall skeleton or with specific glycolipids via the esterification. Since the cell wall components containing mycolic acids possess unique biological activities between the host and parasite relationships in the infection, such as immunoadjuvant activities, macrophage activating activities and antitumor activities, we have started to examine the structure-activity relationships of various mycolic acid-containing glycolipids in Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Gordona which are closely related taxonomically to Mycobacterium.The detailed structure of mycolic acid molecular species ranging from C30 to C80 from the glycolipids were demonstrated by using GC/MS and the granuloma forming activity of the glycolipids was shown to be affected deeply by the structure and acyl numbers of mycolic acids. Neutral glycolipids possessing glucose or trehalose as hydrophilic moiety and mycolic acids longer than C40 were shown to have a strong activity for the granuloma formation in mice.On the other hand, glycolipids possessing anionic charge or shorter chain mycolic acids did not show the significant activity.These results show that the both hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures of glycolipids play very important roles in immunopharmacological or biological response modifiering activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1237K) -
1988 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 205-206
Published: March 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (250K)
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