Laws and rules are enacted after the fact because they are designed to prevent problems from recurring. In contrast, science is an activity aimed at acquiring and providing new knowledge and conveniences. With new knowledge and convenience comes new problems, and scientists and engineers have the responsibility to deal with them. In order to do so, it is necessary to acquire what Kohlberg calls a post-conventional level of ethical awareness and an aspirational ethics. By developing this awareness, scientists and engineers can contribute to the safety, security, health, and well-being of society, which everyone values, and can achieve well-being.
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