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Volume 54, Issue 7
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Mareichi TOYOHARA1979 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 369-374
Published: July 15, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSModel experiments of the short-course chemotherapy was carried out using experimental tuberculosis of the conventional mice.
The experimental schedule is shown in Fig. 1. As the anti-tuberculous drugs, streptomycin (SM) 1mg (40mg/kg), isoniazid (INH) 0.3mg (12mg/kg), rifampicin (RFP) 0.3mg (12mg/kg) and pyrazinamide (PZA) 2mg (80mg/kg) were employed daily. Experimental groups were divided into thirteen as shown in Fig. 1. Mice were treated for 8, 12 or 24 weeks from the fourth week after challenge with the virulent tubercle bacilli, Kurono strain.
Control groups were set for each treatment group at the beginning and end of chemotherapy and at the end of experiment.
The negative rate of tubercle bacilli in vivo during chemotherapy with the combination of SM, INH and RFP and the relapse were shown in Fig. 2. By chemotherapy for more than 8 weeks tubercle bacilli in lungs and spleens converted to negative completely. Bacteriological relapse was observed, however, in 60% of cases treated with 8 weeks' chemotherapy, and 40% in 12 weeks' chemotherapy and no relapse was found in 24 weeks' chemotherapy. The negative rate of tubercle bacilli in vivo during chemotherapy with the combination of SM, INH and PZA and the relapse were shown in Fig. 3. If treatment is terminated after 8 weeks, the relapse was seen in 80%. Even with 12 weeks' chemotherapy, the relapse was found in 100%. The negative rate of bacilli in vivo during chemotherapy with the combination of SM, INH, RFP and PZA and the relapse were presented in Fig. 4. In this case the negative rate after 8 weeks' chemotheraphy was 80%, and no relapse was found after terminating chemotherapy. By 12 weeks' chemotherapy the negative rate became 100%, and no relapse was observed. Number of bacilli in bacteriologically relapsed cases was much samller than the untreated control in each group as shown in the following tables.View full abstractDownload PDF (846K) -
Hiroyuki KOBAYASHI, Masafumi SHIMURA, Kohta KONO, Kenji TAKAMURA, Mits ...1979 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 375-384
Published: July 15, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe impairment of alveolar gas exchange in pulmonary tuberculosis was investigated with special reference to the morphologic changes of pulmonary affection.
Twenty-four mature rabbits were used. Twenty rabbits were injected with 2mg/kg of Mycobacterium bovis intrapulmonarily. Ten rabbits out of all the infected animals were treated with 20mg/kg of Rifampicin and 10mg of Streptomycin from the sixth week after the infection and the treatment was continued for four to six weeks. The patho-physiological changes in each group were investigated.
The obtained conclusions were as follows.
1. The values of the arterial Po2 began to decrease at the fourth week after the infection, and they were aggravated with the advancement of pulmonary affection. The values of the arterial PCO2 werealso reduced with the appearance of hypoxemia, and hypercapnia was shown in three cases which died of the far-advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
2. The increase in the venous-to-arterial shunt might be regarded as the most important factor o hypoxemia in tuberculosis cases without treatment. In this group, the alveolar walls were highly thickened with tuberculous inflammation and some alveolar spaces were destroyed by tuberculous, affection. It was suggested that the increase in the true shunt was originated from such morphologic changes.
In the treated group, two kinds of different patterns of the impairment of alveolar gas exchange were demonstrated. One of them was the uneven distribution of the ventilation and the other was the impairment of the alveolar gas diffusion. The former might be caused by the regional differences, in the compliance due to the uneven pulmonary affection. The latter depended on the decrease in the diffusion surface of alveoli. The difference of both patterns which were found in the treated group, however, was pooly understood from the viewpoint of the morphologic findings in the lung.View full abstractDownload PDF (7576K) -
Hisao SHIMOIDE1979 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 385-391
Published: July 15, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmong the outpatients of a certain hospital in Tokyo, mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies fewer than ten were isolated sporadically from single sputum specimens from 3 patients with non tuberculous pulmonary disease and 6 patients with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, and sputum culture thereafter were contineously negative for a long period.
The majority of such few colony isolates were found on days when the sputum specimens from the patients with smear positive tuberculosis or the specimens from which a large number of colonies were isolated, were cultured.
The frequency of these few colony isolates was investigated. It was higher on days when smear positive specimens were cultured than on other days.
From the results mentioned above, it is suggested that there is a possibility of cross contamination between smear positive sputum specimen and culture negative specimen.
However, when a few colony is isolated from a single specimen, rare cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with normal chest radiographs should not be disregarded.View full abstractDownload PDF (811K) -
Report of Study Year 1977-1978 of the Japanese National Chest Hospital GroupMichio TSUKAMURA, Hisao SHIMOIDE, Nobuhiko KITA, Keiji KAWAKAMI, Tadao ...1979 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 393-398
Published: July 15, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrequency and kind of species of atypical mycobacteria isolated from patients hospitalized in thirteen participating hospitals in June, September, and December 1977, and March 1978 were studied using p-nitrobenzoic acid-Ogawa egg medium as a screening medium. Data were taken from the results of monthly sputum examinations in the above months. Futhermore, patients with lung disease due to atypical mycobacteria hospitalized in the study year, April 1977 to March 1978, were the sub jects of the present study.
1) Atypical mycobacteria were found at a rate of 9.5% among all mycobacteria including M. tuberculosis (Table 1). The kind of species of the atypical mycobacteria isolated are shown in Table 2.
2) A total of 159 patients with lung disease due to atipical mycobacteria were found in the study year (Table 4). Frequency of the patients were considered to be high in the Tokyo, Kanagawa, and Kinki (Osaka) hospitals (Table 5).
3) Frequency of isolation of atypical mycobacteria from sputum specimens of the patients in the participating hospitals has appeared to be increasing (Table 7). However, no significant changes were found in the kind of the species of atypical mycobacteria isolated in various years (Table 8).
4) In contrast to that the number of tuberculous patients is decreasing, the number of patients with lung disease due to atypical mycobacteria is increasing (Table 9). The kinds of species of atypical mycobacteria which cause the diseases in patients were similar in various study years (Table 10).View full abstractDownload PDF (871K) -
Ikuko TOMINO, Yoshihiro YAMAMURA, Hideo MAEIDA, Yasaka OGAWA, Suehiro ...1979 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 399-405
Published: July 15, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the correlation between the tuberculous cavity formation and the proteolytic enzyme activity in the pulmonary tissue, we have studied the autolytic prote elysis in the experimental tuberculous lesion which was formed by the injection of the heat killed H37Rv into rabbit lungs.
Conclusions are summarized as follows:
1. The proteolytic activity in tuberculous lesion was several times higher than that in normal lung tissue.
2. The lung weight and the total proteolytic activity of the lung were increased according to the development of pathological changes after the intrapulmonary injection of bacilli, and decreased during the recovery processes.
3. The above phenomena were amplified and accelerated by the presensitization treatment, and were depressed by the sequential i. v. injection of PPD.
4. Although there are many kinds of proteases in the tuberculous lung, the lysosomal thiol protease in the alveolar macrophages should be playing the important roles in this tissue.
5. A new thiol protease, which was little activity in normal lung tissue, was found markedly in the tuberculous lesion and in alveolar macrophages as well.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
Masao KADO, Shinichi NISHIKAWA, Shunsaku OSHIMA, Kikuo SUGIMOTO1979 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 407-411
Published: July 15, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case who developed candidiasis in both lungs is reported. The patient, a 60 year old male, exhibited a cough with viscous sputum, headache, and slight exertional dyspnea since May 1976 following chemotherapy of tuberculous pleurisy.
A chest roentgenogram revealed a fine granular appearance and linear shadows in the lower field of both lungs. The diagnosis was based on the presence of candida albicans in his sputum and a positive result in a “Germ Tube Dispersion Test”.
Therapy with 5-Fluorocytosine and Amphotericin B was performed for about three months. After the treatment, the chest roentgenogram was remarkably improved and his symptoms completely disappeared.View full abstractDownload PDF (5166K)
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