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Volume 57, Issue 1
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Eiko KONDQ, Koomi KANAI1982 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhosphoiipase A (PLase) and cholesterol esterase (CEase) activities of guinea pig peritoneal leucocytes were examined using a post-unclear fraction as enzyme material. PLase reaction was performed with [14C] oleate-labeled phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylethanolamine) as substrate and 2.5mM of Ca2+, and the intensity was expressed by % degradation of the substrate as calculated by the released amount of labelled fatty acids. The reaction was inhibited by higher concentrations (e.g. 0.5mM) of lysolecithin or linoleic acid. CEase activity was measured with cholesteryl [1-14C] oleate as substrate at optimum pH of 4.6. This reaction was inhibited by increasing concentrations of lysolecithin but not of linoletic acid.
PLase reaction by the cell fraction was enhanced in the presence of added tubercle bacilli (virulent M. bovis), but the CEase reaction was apparently inhibited. Heat-killed mycobacteria did not stimulate the PLase reaction. When the mycobacteria were incubated with the cell fraction, the viable counts decreased during the course of time.
The relation between the enhancement of PLase activity and the mycobactericidal activity in the cell fraction was discussed in view of our previous findings that the artificial biomembrane (liposomes) and the cell fraction of phagocytic cells can kill mycobacteria in the presence of exogenous phospholipase A2.View full abstractDownload PDF (1102K) -
Michio TSUKAMURA, Haruo TOYAMA, Yuji FUKAYA, Mariko AOKI1982 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 9-14
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ratio of the number of patients with lung disease due to Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellutare complex (M. avium complex) against the number of patients who showed positive cultures of acid-fast organism was estimated in the present study.
1. During the period of three years, 1978-1980, a total of 974 patients were hospitalized newly into the lung tuberculosis departments of the National Chubu Hospital. Out of these patients, 405 (41. 6%) were those showing positive cultures of acid-fast organisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patients were examined for acid-fast organisms by 3 to 7 days examinations of the sputum specimen in the first month of the hospitalization. The acid-fast organisms isolated were tested for their growth on the Ogawa egg medium containing 0.5 mg/ml p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB medium), and the organisms which did not grow on the PNB medium were regarded as M. tuberculosis (Tsukamura, M. and Tsukamura, S.: Tubercle, 45: 64-65, 1964). The acid-fast organisms which grew on the medium were identified according to the schedule previously described (Tsukamura, M.: Identification of mycobacteria, p.1-75, National Chubu Hospital, Obu, Aichi, Japan, 1975). The diagnosis of atypical mycobacteriosis was carried out according to the criteria of Tsukamura (Tsukamura, M.: Kekkaku, 53: 367-376, 1978). Of the patients hospitalized during the period of three years, a total of 38 patients were diagnosed as suffering from lung disease due to atypical mycobacteria (36, M. avium complex and 2, M. fortuitum).
The ratio of the patients with atypical mycobacteriosis was estimated as 3.9% of the patients newly hospitalized into the tuberculosis departments, and as 9.4% of the patients who showed positive cultures of acid-fast organisms (Table 1). The latter ratio was first estimated in the present study. The former ratio was higher than the ratio, 2.8%, estimated in nine hospitals of Japan in 1979.
2. The average age of 38 patients with atypical mycobacteriosis was higher than the average age of culture-positive tuberculous patients (Table 2). The average age of 77 patients with lung disease due to the M. avium complex, who were found in the above period and before, was also significantly higher than the average age of culture-positive tuberculous patients (Table 3).
3. From the ratios estimated in Table 1, the prevalence rate of lung disease due to M. avium complex in the Aichi prefecture was estimated as 2.36 or 2.34 per 105 population per year (Table 4). The rate estimated in the Aichi prefecture wes higher than the rate, 1.30per 105 population per year, which was estimated by the co-opeartive study for the whole country in 1979 (Tsukamura, M. et al.: Kekkaku, 56: 391-401, 1981).
4. The ratio of the number of patients, in whom acid-fast organism was observed in smear but was not isolated by culture, against the number of patients who showed positive cultures of acid-fast organism was estimated as 2.2%, and the ratio of that against the number of patients who showed acid-fast organism on smear was estimated as 3.2% (Table 5).View full abstractDownload PDF (964K) -
Keiji TANAKA, Hidejiro TAKIZAWA, Osamu INABA, Seiji HASEGAWA, Jungo YA ...1982 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 15-20
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1979, a total of 43 tuberculous meningitis cases aged 0-14 were notified in all over Japan. Its incidence rate was 0.16 per 100, 000 population. Seventy percent of the cases were children aged 0 to 4. Poor prognosis of the disease was revealed by the follow-up study for nine months on the average after the onset of the disease: 23% died, 30% were alive with serious sequelae.
Epidemiological and sociomedical discussions were made on the factors influencing the prognosis of the disease and on possibilities of reducing the risk of the disease by improving the current tuberculosis control activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (944K) -
1982 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 21-46
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (14404K)
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