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Volume 62, Issue 7
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Satoshi ICHIYAMA, Takuya MIYACHI, Michio TSUKAMURA1987 Volume 62 Issue 7 Pages 363-367
Published: July 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiological and biochemical characteristics of slowly growing, scotochromogenic mycobacteria were compared with each other. Sixty three strains of M. gordonae, 49 strains of M. scrofulaceum, 15 strains of M. szulgai, and 13 strains of M. xenopi were examined for a total of 118 characters.
M. gordonae was characterized by the following;
1) presence of long rods (>7μ), 2) susceptibility to ethambutol (5mu;g/ml), 3) positive Tween 80 hydrolysis after 14 days, 4) negative nitrate reduction to nitrite after 24 hr, 5) negative nicotinamidase and pyrazinamidase activities, and 6) ability to use n-propanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol as sole carbon sources in the presence of ammoniacal nitrogen.
M. scrofulaceum was characterized by the following;
1) absence of long rods, 2) resistance to ethambutol (5μg/ml), 3) negative Tween 80 hydrolysis after 14 days, 4) negative nitrate reduction to nitrite after 24 hr, and 5) positive nicotinamidase and pyrazinamidase activities.
M. szulgai was characterized by the following;
1) presence of long rods, 2) susceptibility to ethambutol (5, Eg/ml), 3) negative Tween 80 hydrolysis after 14 days, 4) positive nitrate reduction to nitrite after 24 hr, and 5) inability to use glucose as the sole carbon source in the presence of ammoniacal nitrogen.
M. xenopi was characterized by the following;
1) presence of long rods and filaments, 2) resistance to ethambutol (5μg/ml), 3) susceptibility to NH2OH (500μg/ml) and isoniazid (10μg/ml), 4) negative Tween 80 hydrolysis after 14 days, 5) positive nitrate reduction to nitrite after 24 hr, but negative reaction in the fresh isolates, 6) positive nicotinamidase and pyrazinamidase activities, and 7) inability to use glucose, acetate and pyruvate as sole carbon sources in the presence of ammoniacal nitrogen.
All of these characters of four species were considered to be useful for differentiation among them.View full abstractDownload PDF (627K) -
(2) The Therapeutic Effects of Aminoglycosides to Murine Airborne Infection ModelNobuo SAKURAI, Fumiyuki KUZE1987 Volume 62 Issue 7 Pages 369-374
Published: July 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe therapeutic effects of four aminoglycosides-kanamycin (KM), gentamicin (GM), sisomicin (SISO) and tobramycin (TOB)-were evaluated in vivo for ddY mice infected aerogenically with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, 31F093T strain. The four aminoglycosides were all administered to the animals five days a week in dosages roughly comparable with clinical use from 6 weeks after infection. The macroscopic lesions, the weights of organs and the counts of viable bacilli in lungs and spleens were observed every three weeks during treatment (12 weeks).
The observation of macroscopic lesions of the lung confirmed the suppression of the disease in the treated mice through 12 weeks of infection. In the control untreated mice, the counts of viable units of bacilli recovered from lung increased a 1000-fold value and the lung weight reached a 3-fold value after 6 weeks of infection. In the treated mice, the counts of viable bacilli in lungs and the lung weights were considerably reduced until 12 weeks of treatment. And also these aminoglycosides suppressed the increase in counts of viable bacilli in spleen.
In this experiment, usability of the murine airborne infection model of M. avium-intracellulare was again confirmed and even in this model, KM was effective and other aminoglycosides-GM, SISO and TOB-could also exerted therapeutic effect. The high degree of potency of GM, SISO and TOB might permit the use for a short period of time in acute exacerbation in human M. avium-intracellulare infection. Furthermore, since chemotherapy for M. avium-intracellulare demands simultaneous use of three or more drugs, the role of these aminoglycosides in therapy may possibly increase the efficacy of treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
TECHNICAL TRANSFER OF SPUTUM CULTURE EXAMINATION AND TRAINING OF MICROSCOPISTSAkiko FUJIKI1987 Volume 62 Issue 7 Pages 375-381
Published: July 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTechnical transfer of sputum culture examination has been carried out in Medan Health Laboratory, Sumatra, Indonesia. Direct smear positive sputum and sputum specimens from TB suspects were collected in 6 institutions: Chest Disease Center, three health centers in Medan, Medan Health Laboratory and one health center in the project area. Due to the long distance to Medan Health Laboratory, sputum specimens collected in the project area were pretreated with 4% NaOH and inoculated onto 2% Kudoh media, and the culture tubes inoculated on the spot were sent to Medan Health Laboratory. Total 566 specimens were sent to Medan Health Laboratory and were cultured by the modified Kudoh swab method with 2% Kudoh medium. Out of 566 specimens, 451 specimens were free from contamination but 115 specimens (20.3%) showed either full or partial contamination.
To decrease the contamination, some improvements of sputum collection were attempted at the Chest Disease Center: namely, 1) the usage of clean, sterilized and disposable containers and 2) the storage of sputum specimens in refrigerator. Moreover, at the Medan Health Laboratory, time for sputum pretreatment with 4% NaOH was prolonged from 2minutes to 5 minutes. As the result of these improvements, heavy contamination which made the reading of the result impossible, was not observed in the Chest Disease Center after the serial number 81.
A training course for the microscopists was held to improve and to unify their technique for direct smear examination. The participants were either microscopists or those who would be engaged as microscopists after this training in each health centers in the project area. Main subjects of the training were direct smear staining according to the Ziehl-Neelsen method and the reading of stained smear. Stained smear slides were read beforehand by a well-experienced laboratory technician, and the results of reading by trainees were compared with such difference reading. The agreement rate and disagreement rate were calculated. In this training, 4 of the 10 trainees showed agreement rates less than 80%; their experiences as microscopists were none or less than 2 years. Under-reading (reading of positive-case as negative) was more prominent than over-reading.View full abstractDownload PDF (898K) -
Katsumasa SATO, Hajime SAITO, Haruaki TOMIOKA1987 Volume 62 Issue 7 Pages 383-388
Published: July 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe comparative in vitro activity of cefoxitin (CFX) alone or in combination with isoniazide (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), streptomycin (SM), kanamycin (KM) and minocycline (MINO) against Mycobacterium fortuitum complex was evaluated by agar dilution method. MIC90 of CFX against these organisms was 50μg/ml or higher. A combination of CFX-EB-INH-RFP inhibited 9 of 10 strains of M. fortuitum at 0.8μg/ml. MIC90 of these combination against M. chelonae (subsp. abscessus and subsp. chelonae) were 6.25μg/ml in both cases.
Mice inoculated intravenously with M. fortuitum 18367 were treated with CFX alone or in combination with EB-INH-RFP once daily for 4 weeks, beginning 24 h after challenge. Enhancement of therapeutic effects of these combined drugs to M. fortuitum-infected mice was not shown when compared with CFX alone.View full abstractDownload PDF (836K) -
Hidesaku ASAKURA, Kuniaki TAGA, Shinji NISHIOKA, Fumihiko SASAKI, Sens ...1987 Volume 62 Issue 7 Pages 389-392
Published: July 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of prolonged atelectasis after pneumonia, from which Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated, was reported.
The patient was 65 years old male, and M. fortuitum was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at the infectious focus, although no other pathological organisms were detected.
In this case, examination of BAL was useful for the isolation of atipical mycobacterium.
M. fortuitum might not be so rare as one of the causative organisms of bronchopulmonary inflammation.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K)
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