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Volume 66, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Masahiro SHIRAI, Atsuhiko SATO, Kingo CHIDA, Hajime KISHIMOTO, Ryuzo W ...1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: January 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis occurred in an accounting office during 5-yearperiod.Patients 1 and 2 were hospitalized in January and March respectively in 1984.Patients 3 and 4 were found to have abnormal shadows in 1987.Patient 5 was admitted toour hospital in July, 1988.Patients 1 and 2 showed a similar pattern of drug resistance.Thedesk of Patient 3 was located in front of the desk of Patient 1.Retrospective review ofchest X-ray film of Patient 3 taken two years before admission revealed that activecontagious tuberculosis had been misdiagnosed as inactive type, resulting in delayedtreatment.Patients 4 and 5 worked near to Patient 3 for the past two years.
PPD skin test was carried out on 47 Workers in the same room and other rooms as well.The distribution of maximum diameters of erythema for workers in the same room did notshow a bimodal distribution, but the mean diameter (30.6±16.4mm) was larger than that (22.3±17.2mm) for workers in other rooms.Preventive administration of Isonicotinic acidhydrazide (INH) was made for 10 workers.
These observations suggest that routine chest X-ray film should be carefully checked, and PPD skin test should be performed to those at risk of tuberculosis infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (790K) -
Fumiyuki KUZE, Takashi YAMAMOTO, Ryoichi AMITANI, Katsuhiro SUZUKI1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
Published: January 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTherapeutic effects of new rifamycin derivatives, 3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-alkylpiperazinyl) benzoxazinorifamycins, KRM 1648, 1657, 1668, 1674 and 2312 (kindly supplied by Kanegafuchi Chem.Ind.Co.Japan), were evaluated on experimental tuberculosis and Mycobacteriumavium complex infection in mice.I.Experimental tuberculosis in mice
Male ddY mice were inoculated via tail vein with ca.1x109 CFU of M.tuberculosis H37Rv suspended in 0.2ml medium.
Treatment of the mice with the new rifamycin derivatives or rifampicin (RFP: as acontrol drug) was peformed by daily oral administration of 10mg/kg of the drugs, startingat the 24th hour of infection and continuing until the 40th day of infection.Therapeuticeffect of each drug was assessed by mortality of the treated mice.All control mice whichdid not receive any drug died within the 20th day (in Exp.1) and the 22nd day (in Exp.2) ofinfection, while 25% (in Exp.1) and 40% (in Exp.2) of RFP-treated mice and 100% (in Exp.1and 2) of mice treated with any of the KRMs survived on the 40th day of infection.II.Experimental M.avium complex infection in mice
Female beige mice (8-12 weeks old) were inoculated via tail vein with ca.1×108 CFUof M.avium complex strain 31F093T, a mouse-virulent strain, suspended in 0.2ml medium.Treatment of the mice with each drug (daily oral administration of 20mg/kg) was started24 hours after the inoculation, and was continued throughout 12 weeks of infection.
For evaluation of the therapeutic effect of the drug, CFUs of the infecting organismsrecovered from the lungs and spleen of mice were determined following the course of infec tion.
The treatment of the infected mice with RFP resulted in only a slight reduction in thenumbers of CFU from the lungs and spleen compared with those in control mice.
In contrast, treatment of the infected mice with any of the five KRMs reduced markedlythe numbers of CFU of the organisms recovered from the lungs and spleen throughout12 weeks of infection.
These results suggest that KRMs could be promising drugs in the treatment of both M.tuberculosis and M.avium complex infections in humans.View full abstractDownload PDF (716K) -
Michio TSUKAMURA1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: January 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv was cultivated in Ogawa egg mediumcontaining 5, μg/ml streptomycin and/or 10, μg/ml kanamycin, which were considered assubinhibitory, it was observed that growing bacterial population contained several timesmore rifampicin-resistant mutants than did the parent strain.The ratio of isoniazidresistantmutants did not change by the above treatment.The finding suggests that, evenwithout the use of rifampicin, the bacterial population of patients becomes more resistantto rifampicin by chemotherapy in the past with streptomycin or kanamycin.Furthermore, itwas shown that the ratio of streptomycin-resistant mutants increased by pre-treatmentwith kanamycin and the ratio of kanamycin-resistant mutants by pre-treatment withstreptomycin.
Parent, susceptible bacterial population develops 4R-phenotype mutants which areresistant to four drugs, high concentrations of kanamycin, lividomycin and paromomycinand a low concentration of capreomycin, whereas streptomycin-resistant mutant population does not develop the 4R mutants but develops only mutants with the KR phenotypewhich is almost mono-resistant to kanamycin.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Seizi MIZUTANI1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 19-38
Published: January 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using DNA Probe, cases due to M.avium complex in Japan were grouped into those M.avium and M.intracellulare and their clinical patients were compared by multifactorialanalysis.A total of 179 cases was studied (103 due to M.avium and 76 due to M.intracellulare).M.avium cases were found more commonly around Tokyo and north, wheareas M.intracellulare cases were seen more frequently in the western part of Japan.Backgroundfactors (sex, age, past history, complications, bacterial status, mode of detection, andsymptoms) were similar among the cases due to M. avium and M.intracellulare.Nodifference was seen in the chest X-ray.Weighing up to the disappearance of bacterial excretion revealed heavier in the quantity of bacterial excretion in M.avium cases, but not muchin chemotherapy.In M.intracellulare cases on the other hand, chemotherapy played a moreweighed role.In both groupes, EB was weighed heavier among the drugs.Among theadditionally used drugs, SM was useful in M. avium and KM in M.intracellulare.RFP wasuseful in combined therapy.The usefulness of INH was lower.
In areas western to Osaka and vicinity, MAC was reported to exert favorable effect.Incase this is true, higher prevalence of M.intracellulare and the use of KM, EB, RFP in theseareas may explain such phenomena.View full abstractDownload PDF (2400K) -
A Successful Management Using Pedicled Intercostal Muscle Flap on an Atypical Mycobacteriosis following the IrradiationSeiyu HIRATA, Kensuke YAMAMOTO1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 39-44
Published: January 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA48-year-old woman underwent a right pneumonectomy for advanced mycobacterialdisease (M.avium Complex), which followed the postoperative radiotherapy against amalignant schwannoma of the right lower chest wall treated seven years ago.
On the13th postoperative day, re-suture of the bronchial stump was performedurgently because of early bronchopleural fistula development.On the heels of that, reclosureof the bronchial fistula with coverage of the stump by parietal pleural flap wasperformed on the forty-first post operative day.
On the 110th day, however, open drainage with thoracoplasty was performed becausedevelopment of insidious aspergillous empyema was detected.Since then, local instillationof amphotellisin B, with an oral administration of antifungus drug was started.Aftersucceeding to control the mycotic infection, reclosure of the bronchofistula, covered withpedicled intercostal muscle flap were performed on the 280th postoperative day and extraperiostal air-plombage for reducing empyema cavity. Postoperative course was uneventfuland the patient was discharged one year later.
With respect to pathogenetic relationship between radiation pneumonitis and feasibilityof infection to atypical mycobacteria, preoperative radiotherapy and concurrence ofpostoperative bronchofistula, and some problems on management of empyema bronchofistula were briefly discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (6571K) -
Takashi ARAI1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 45-63
Published: January 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAround 25 years ago in Japan surgical treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis decreaseddramatically.At present only a few patients require operations in specialized institutions.It has, however, not yet completely faded away.The present status of and indication forsurgical treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis were discussed in this workshop by sixpanelists.
The main problems discussed here were surgical treatment for the patients with drugresistant tubercle bacilli and the patients complicated with tuberulous empyema.View full abstractDownload PDF (2522K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 65-66
Published: January 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (274K)
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