Referring to the comments on the civilization of Papalagi, which means European people, by Tuiavii who was a chieftain of Western Samoa, discussions are done on the culture and civilazation of the coming multimedia age. The books " The Third Wave" by Alvin Toffler, "Inventing Future" by Dennis Gabor, "Understanding Media : The Extensions of Media" by Marshall McLuhan, "Nineteen Eighty-Four" by George Orwell and "Computer Power and Human Reason" by Joseph Weizenbaum are also quoted for considering the change of our civilization by multimedia technology in near future.

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Accommodation responses to 2-D sinusoidal waves, square waves, and square masks have been experimentally measured by using an infrared optometer in order to clarify the effects of image's spatial frequency and viewpoint on the accommodation error. Consequently, our data suggested that there exists another mechanism causing a different kind of accommodation error from the conventional accommodation lag. According to the new mechanism, it was concluded that the accommodation error to sinusoidal waves increases monotonously as the spatial frequency lowers, and that the accommodation error to square waves and square masks changes depending on whether the viewpoint is on the edges or on the center points between the edges. Moreover, the new mechanism can also cause the resting point to change depending on the spatial frequency.

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The depth perception characteristics of human eye are investigated. The binocular parallax depth sensitivity are measured as LSF in depth using a high definition display system. Asymmetric sinsitive characteristics caused by dominant eye were observed. A MTF in depth of human eye were tryed to measure observing displayed spatial frequency random dot patterns in depth.

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This paper discribes a new camera work measurement system for a study of an intelligent robot camera control method. By detecting the eye points and camera work of the professional cameramen, we can get their characteristics while camera working. By experiments at our studio, we found that the cameramen's eyes move little once the position of the subject is confirmed and that cameramen operate their cameras according to a preconceived program when panning a subject that doesn't move very much ; we also learned the velocity characteristics involved when panning, etc., and were able to obtain basic data conceming camera operation.

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We propose a new scheme based on variable block size to prevent the decoded image from degrading caused by very low bit-rate transform image coding. A given image is sectioned into 16x16 pixels' and 8x8 pixels' subblocks using variance of pixels' intensity contained in a subblock. Then 8x8 subblocks are classified into 4 classes and every class is assigned a suitable bit-table respectively. Through the coding simulation using both of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and Hadamard transform (HT), an advantage of coding efficiency is ascertained at very low bit-rate.

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This paper reviews earlier work concerning variable-block-size motion compensation and proposes a plan for optimum bit allocation between motion-related information and motion-compensated interframe prediction residues. Detection of the parameter which detect optimum bit allocation is confirmed by video coding simulation.

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Transmission and reflection targets for input scanner calibration are going to be standardized in TC130 and Japanese Industrial Standard Committee. The target consist of 108 color patches defining CIELAB coordinates, 24 steps neutral gray scale, vender optional most pure color patches having various L^*, and CMYKRGB patches. CIELAB values for all patches are reported by electronic files according special defined format in this standard. The device independent color can be achieved by using this target.

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