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Volume 71, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Shun-ichiro KARATO1995 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 61-66
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPossible roles of water to affect seismic wave velocities in the upper mantle of the Earth are examined based on mineral physics observations. Three mechanisms are considered: (i) direct effects through the change in bond strength due to the presence of water, (ii) effects due to the enhanced anelastic relaxation and (iii) effects due to the change in preferred orientation of minerals. It is concluded that the first direct mechanism yields negligibly small effects for a reasonable range of water content in the upper mantle, but the latter two indirect effects involving the motion of crystalline defects can be significant. The enhanced anelastic relaxation will significantly (several %) reduce the seismic wave velocities. Based on the laboratory observations on dislocation mobility in olivine, a possible change in the dominant slip direction in olivine from [100] to [001] and a resultant change in seismic anisotropy is suggested at high water fugacities. Changes in seismic wave velocities due to water will be important, particularly in the wedge mantle above subducting oceanic lithosphere where water content is likely to be large.View full abstractDownload PDF (947K) -
Akimasa MASUDA1995 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 67-71
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on a large-scale magnification of a diagram presented by Peppard et al. (1969), the logarithms of the concentration ratios of lanthanides in aqueous phase to those in organic phase have been closely estimated for two cases. The differences of the observed values from straight lines connecting directly between La and Gd and between Gd and Lu were scrutinized in connection with the applicability of the quadratic function and with the distortion from it. In case of partitioning between 0.05M HCl and 0.3M di n-octyl phosphinic acid (benzene), two regular cycles of low and high quadratic symmetry were recognized. The features observed are explicable in terms of spatial configuration (degree of steric symmetry) of f electrons themselves, strength of directional preference of ligand-cation bonding and interaction between these two factors. Contrastingly, the system comprising di 2-ethylhexyl chloromethyl phosphonate appears to suggest the state of 4f electron subshell under very weak ligand field.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
Tokuhei TAGAI, Takeshi HOSHI1995 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 72-74
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new phase, AnxOr100-x was found as inclusions in labradorite from Ylämaa, Finland, during the course of study with the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The chemical composition of this labradorite was determined by X-ray microprobe analysis as Ab40An56Or4. A thin section parallel to the b*-c* plane of this labradorite was subjected to observations under the TEM equipped with an analytical system. A TEM micrograph obtained showed two kinds of exsolution lamella, A and B and an inclusion, where the compositions of A and B were determined as Ab43An57 and Ab53An47 respectively by TEM analysis. K was confirmed to be localized in the inclusion, and it was also discovered that the inclusion contains Ca but is free from Na. The composition of the inclusion derived by TEM analysis can be expressed as AnxOr100-x, a phase of natural feldspar having not been reported of its presence up to the present. The value of x in the above formula is tentatively estimated to be close to 50.View full abstractDownload PDF (3414K) -
Tisato KAJIYAMA, Isao OHKI, Keiji TANAKA, Shou-Ren GE, Atsushi TAKAHAR ...1995 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 75-80
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSScanning force microscopy (SFM) was applied for the studies of the surface morphology and viscoelastic properties of polymeric solids. Surface morphology of polyethylene (PE) single crystals was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and friction force microscopy (FFM). The AFM observation revealed the lozenge-shaped single crystals of PE with ridgy structure. The FFM experiment revealed that the frictional force on the same sector was dependent on the scanning direction against {110} for the PE single crystal prepared from fractionated HDPE with Mw=10k. On the other hand, the frictional force did not strongly depend on the scanning direction for the PE single crystal prepared from unfractionated PE with Mw of 520k. The FFM results revealed the regularity of chain folding on PE single crystal surface. Nano-mechanical properties of phase-separated polymer surface were imaged by scanning viscoelasticity microscopy (SVM), which has been developed by the authors. Images of dynamic viscoelasticity for both the immobilized (octadecyltrichlorosilane/fluoroalkylsilane) mixed monolayer and [polystyrene(PS)/poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)] blend ultrathin film were presented. SVM could reveal the difference in dynamic viscoelasticity on the phase-separated polymer surface with a nanometer scale resolution.View full abstractDownload PDF (6774K) -
Hiroshi SHIBA, Kokichi HINATA, Akinori SUZUKI, Akira ISOGAI1995 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 81-83
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe self incompatibility (SI) system of Brassica is sporophytically controlled by multiallenic genes at an S-locus. Two genes, SLG (S-locus glycoprotein) and SRK(S-receptor protein kinase), on the S-locus are thought to play an important role in recognition of the self pollen, though there is no direct evidence. We introduced the antisense SLG gene to self incompatible Brassica species through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We found that a transgenic plant of B. raga (syn. B. campestris) could set seeds after self pollination, and that no SLG protein was detectable in a gel blot analysis of the transgenic plant. These observations provide strong evidence that SLG and/or SRK are directly involved in the pollen-stigma recognition of SI.View full abstractDownload PDF (2079K) -
Isamu SHIMIZU, Masaki UEDA, Katsuhiko SAKAMOTO, Osamu HISATOMI, Fumio ...1995 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 84-86
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNucleotide sequences of exon-4 or -5 encoding one region of visual pigments in Plecoglossus altivelis were determined with the amplified fragments. One nuclotide was substituted in the exon-4 of rhodopsin pigment gene between the amphidromous and landlocked form, and one colon (ATC) in exon-4 of amphidromous form was changed to GTC in that of landlocked form. There was no difference in the exon-5 of the sequence in the red-sensitive pigment gene between the two forms.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
Masashi SUZUKI, Naoto YAGI1995 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 87-91
Published: 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (774K)
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