In a series of studies, a significantly large amount of helium (⁴₂He/D₂_??_(1-0.2)×10^-2 and ⁴₂He/³₂He_??_4, D₂:“fuel”helium:“ash”) was clearly detected with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) as the deuterium nuclear reaction product (“ash”) released from the highly deuterated palladium host-solid (Pd-black distributed 0.02-0.06 [μ]: average 0.04 [μ]) that had produced large amounts of anomalous excess energy (200-500 [MJ/cm³]) through long period such as 5000 [hrs], when it was heated in a high vacuum (_??_10^-8 [torr]), high temperature (_??_1000 [°C]). On the other hand, a simultaneous measurement by another QMS catched a signal of the existence of ³₂He, while it is considerably less existence than ⁴₂He. In comparable measurements from non-deuterated samples, any helium and deuterium were not detected. This means that there exist no well-known Rutherford type as a main reaction of the deuterium nuclear reaction within Pd host-solid, and an inherent feature of solid-state with much valency electron cloud such as Pd presents a circumstance for a new type of deuterium nuclear fusion reaction which directly produces ⁴₂He as main reaction product. Because the helium (⁴₂He, ³₂He) was observed only after each sample had been heated in a high vacuum, in each case, the laws of physics require that this helium could not have diffused from any outside source other than the Pd metal sample. Also because helium was observed only after the sample was heated to a relatively high temperature, in each case, it must have been trapped within an interior location of the sample. Because there is no known process that can account for the diffusion of the large amounts of helium into the interior locations of the various samples at the levels that were measured, the only possible explanation for the helium being trapped in this fashion is that it was trapped within each sample after it was first produced as the nuclear ash from an electrolytically induced (Cold Fusion) deuterium nuclear reaction. To understand these results, the authors have constructed a theory, based upon a coherent process that is believed to be induced in highly deuterated Pd black crystals. In this theory, it is postulated that Cold Fusion is initiated through the formation of a Strongly Coupled Plasma (“SC-Plasma”), reminiscient of the SC-plasma's that are found within stellar interiors. This postulate is consistent with the assumption that a deuterium nuclear reaction is initiated in a localized zone within a host solid, and it is indispensable that the deuterium be transformed coherently for at least a few picoseconds into a SC-plasma, which the authors refer to as a deuterium “coherent plasma” within the solid-state. It is also postulated that this “coherent solid-state plasma fusion” is initiated through a violent, localized vibration of the lattice, which the authors refer to as a “Latticequake”. This “Latticequake” is essentially accompanied with both of an intense electromagnetic turbulence and violently shaking electron cloud under a many body effect in coherent-state.

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A unique nucleotide sequence that consists of aligned second bases of colon triplets in the cDNA sequence of trypsin is designed to identify the active sites on the DEV model. Compared with the amino acid sequence that was exploited before, the assignment of functional system or active sites of trypsin is straightforward: the site B and its partners, site E, contain 84-D, 40-H, and 177-S. However, the difficulty is in less-specific nature of the site Es that require information on amino acid sequence. The results led by means of either amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence due to the difference in the number of alphabets (twenty amino acidsversus four nucleotides) and the prediction efficiency is strengthened by using these two words. Further improvement of the prediction can be done by artificial five alphabets, A, T, G, C, and S. In this case, information of cDNA is not necessary.

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Nucleotide sequence of trypsin is analysed by the DEV model for the assignment of its functional system. The number of alphabets is reduced from five (A, T, G, C, S)1) to three (A, C, S or A, G, S) or two (A, C or A, G). Results strengthen the view obtained in five-alphabet system: less-specific but exact assignment of functional system. Comparison between different numbered alphabets is made which includes electric circuit, two alphabet (0, 1) made of conductor.

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