Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B
Online ISSN : 1349-2896
Print ISSN : 0386-2208
ISSN-L : 0386-2208
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Special Issue
Volume 75, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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  • Detection of vertical fine structures in the free atmosphere
    Takashi CHUDA, Ryuji KIMURA, Hiroshi NIINO, Masaichi SAKAJIRI, Patrick ...
    1999 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 23-28
    Published: 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.75.23
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Vertical fine structures of temperature and water vapor in the troposphere were detected from radiosonde data between 1 and 8km MSL. It was found that fluctuations of temperature and specific humidity have a negative correlation in most of the vertical soundings examined. Their mean thickness is about 300m. The mean amplitudes of fluctuations are 0.4K for temperature and 0.4gkg-1 for specific humidity.
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  • Mechanism of forsterite evaporation as inferred from surface microstructures
    Hiroko NAGAHARA, Kazuhito OZAWA
    1999 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 29-34
    Published: 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.75.29
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Evaporation mechanism of synthetic pure forsterite and natural iron-bearing forsterite was experimentally studied in vacuum in the temperature range of 1400-1800°C. Forsterite, which is one of the most important minerals in the planetary system, shows anisotropy of evaporation regarding evaporation rates and surface microstructures. The surfaces develop evaporation pits emanating from dislocation outcrops and smooth or stepped evaporation surface of which evaporation is not enhanced by dislocations. The shape of pits is controlled by anisotropy in evaporation rate and/or that in the surface free energy. Although forsterite and iron-bearing olivine have different type, orientation, and density of dislocation, the characteristics of evaporation pits are common for three crystallographically oriented surfaces. It suggests the larger contribution of anisotropy of surface free energy than the stress energy of dislocations on the shape of the evaporation pits. The estimated evaporation rates, on the contrary, indicate the importance of dislocation, which changes the overall evaporation rate by several factors at the experimental temperature. The change of evaporation rate affects the estimation of timescale of chemical fractionation in the solar nebula.
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  • Triethyl phosphate as the solvent for the preparation of Grignard reagents
    Masanao MATSUI, Takeshi KITAHARA, Goro YABUTA, Taku YAMADA
    1999 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 35-36
    Published: 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.75.35
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The Grignard reaction successfully proceeds using a Grignard reagent prepared in triethyl phosphate.
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  • Distribution and orientation of genes in the genome of Pyrococcus OT3
    Hideaki KOIKE, Naoki AMANO, Masaru TATENO, Yuko OHFUKU, Jörg Mich ...
    1999 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 37-42
    Published: 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: October 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.75.37
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Novel characteristics of genes identified in the genome of a hyper-thermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus sp. OT3, are described by correlating the 1.74M bases in the circular genome to the 12 hours in a clock. From 0:00 to 7:00 the bases are used to code more for the genes whose transcription takes place in the clockwise direction, while from 7:00 to 12:00 to code more for the genes whose transcription takes place in the anti-clockwise direction. Genes that are closely related to known eubacterial genes distribute equally through the genome without showing any strong position-preference. In contrast, genes that are closely related to known eukaryotic genes have tendency to cluster from 1:30 to 3:30. On the basis of these findings a possible link between transcription and replication and the origin of archaebacterial genomes are discussed.
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