Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B
Online ISSN : 1349-2896
Print ISSN : 0386-2208
ISSN-L : 0386-2208
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Special Issue
Volume 91, Issue 1
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Review
  • Challenge to the suppression of tumor growth by the β4-galactosyltransferase genes
    Kiyoshi FURUKAWA
    2015 Volume 91 Issue 1 Pages 1-16
    Published: January 09, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.91.1
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    It has been well established that structural changes in glycans attached to proteins and lipids are associated with malignant transformation of cells. We focused on galactose residues among the sugars since they are involved in the galectin-mediated biology, and many carbohydrate antigens are frequently expressed on this sugar. We found changes in the expression of the β4-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT) 2 and 5 genes in cancer cells: decreased expression of the β4GalT2 gene and increased expression of the β4GalT5 gene. The growth of mouse melanoma cells showing enhanced expression of the β4GalT2 gene or reduced expression of the β4GalT5 gene is inhibited remarkably in syngeneic mice. Tumor growth inhibition is probably caused by the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and/or reduced MAPK signals. Direct transduction of human β4GalT2 cDNA together with the adenovirus vector into human hepatocellular carcinoma cells grown in SCID mice results in marked growth retardation of the tumors. β4GalT gene-transfer appears to be a potential tool for cancer therapy.
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Original Articles
  • Medium effect on the characteristics of the coupled seismic and electromagnetic signals
    Qinghua HUANG, Hengxin REN, Dan ZHANG, Y. John CHEN
    2015 Volume 91 Issue 1 Pages 17-24
    Published: January 09, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.91.17
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    Recently developed numerical simulation technique can simulate the coupled seismic and electromagnetic signals for a double couple point source or a finite fault planar source. Besides the source effect, the simulation results showed that both medium structure and medium property could affect the coupled seismic and electromagnetic signals. The waveform of coupled signals for a layered structure is more complicated than that for a simple uniform structure. Different from the seismic signals, the electromagnetic signals are sensitive to the medium properties such as fluid salinity and fluid viscosity. Therefore, the co-seismic electromagnetic signals may be more informative than seismic signals.
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  • Criticality features in ULF magnetic fields prior to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
    Masashi HAYAKAWA, Alexander SCHEKOTOV, Stelios POTIRAKIS, Kostas EFTAX ...
    2015 Volume 91 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
    Published: January 09, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.91.25
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    The criticality of ULF (Ultra-low-frequency) magnetic variations is investigated for the 2011 March 11 Tohoku earthquake (EQ) by natural time analysis. For this attempt, some ULF parameters were considered: (1) Fh (horizontal magnetic field), (2) Fz (vertical magnetic field), and (3) Dh (inverse of horizontal magnetic field). The first two parameters refer to the ULF radiation, while the last parameter refers to another ULF effect of ionospheric signature. Nighttime (L.T. = 3 am ± 2 hours) data at Kakioka (KAK) were used, and the power of each quantity at a particular frequency band of 0.03–0.05 Hz was averaged for nighttime hours. The analysis results indicate that Fh fulfilled all criticality conditions on March 3–5, 2011, and that the additional parameter, Dh reached also a criticality on March 6 or 7. In conclusion, criticality has reached in the pre-EQ fracture region a few days to one week before the main shock of the Tohoku EQ.
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Errata
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