Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B
Online ISSN : 1349-2896
Print ISSN : 0386-2208
ISSN-L : 0386-2208
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Special Issue
Volume 74, Issue 8
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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  • Day to day variation in catch of fish and seismic activity
    Yoshibumi TOMODA
    1998 Volume 74 Issue 8 Pages 179-184
    Published: 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.74.179
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Fishes are quite sensitive to natural disasters such as earthquakes, in the same manner as animals living under the ground. We examined the data for the catch of fish caught at twenty-seven“set net”fishing grounds in the Sagami bay. Day to day variations in the catch of Japanese sardines (Sardinops melanostica) and horse mackerels (Trachurus japonica) show good correlation with the activities of the swarm earthquakes in the Sagami bay. We support our findings by studying eleven swarm earthquakes in the period from 1974-1989. Conspicuous positive correlation exists in the variation in catch of fish and seismic activity during the eruption of Mt. Mihara on Oshima island and the Teishi submarine hill. We proposed a model of chemical material diffusing from a fault on the bottom to interpret the phenomena.
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  • Influence of errors in determination of light lanthanides on the numerical values to indicate the light lanthanide tetrad effect
    Junji SHIMODA, Akimasa MASUDA
    1998 Volume 74 Issue 8 Pages 185-187
    Published: 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.74.185
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This communication reveals quantitatively the influence of experimental errors in measurement of abundances of La, Nd, Sm and Gd on the numerical index (ABEXEL) about the lanthanide tetrad effect. The resultant influence is greatest for the combinations of La (+), Nd (-), Sm (+) and Gd (-), and La (-), Nd (+), Sm (-) and Gd (+), where symbols + and - refer to positive and negative errors, respectively. If the experimental errors are assumed to be randomly 2.5%, the maximum uncertainty of resulting ABEXEL turns out in general to be ±0.036, and the averaged uncertainty to be ±0.017. The discussions presented here are applicable to the uncertainties of the values of a system taken for normalization.
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  • Synthesis and properties of novel aromatic hyperbranched polyamide prepared by direct polycondensation
    Gang YANG, Mitsutoshi JIKEI, Masa-aki KAKIMOTO
    1998 Volume 74 Issue 8 Pages 188-191
    Published: 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.74.188
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    An aromatic hyperbranched polyamide was synthesized by the direct polycondensation of an AB2 type monomer (3, 5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzoic acid) in NMP in the presence of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. Structure of the monomer and the resulting polymer was identified by IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR measurements. The polymer was soluble in DMF, DMAc, NMP, DMSO, m-cresol and 2-methoxyethanol. Degree of branching of the polymer was determined as 48% by the integration ratio in the 13C-NMR spectrum. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed at 200°C in DSC measurement. The onset temperature (T0) and t he temperature of 10% weight loss (T10) were determined as 310°C and 530°C, respectively, in TGA measurement.
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  • On the solution viscosity of ionic polymers and their conformation in solutions
    Norio ISE
    1998 Volume 74 Issue 8 Pages 192-200
    Published: 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: October 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.74.192
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    The viscosity behavior of linear, flexible ionic polymers in solutions and its accepted interpretation were discussed. Experimental viscosity data by Yamanaka et al. were pointed out to show the α value of the Houwink-Mark-Sakurada equation being smaller than two, a value expected for rod-like conformation. The viscosity of latex dispersions, telechelic polymer solutions, and microgel dispersions showed that the intra-molecular interaction does not play a role as important as was supposed to be in the previous argument. The Booth theory of primary electroviscous effect of charged particles (distortion of ion cloud under flow) was found to be satisfactory in explaining dependencies of viscosity of colloidal particles on charge number (Q), size, and salt concentration, particularly for large κa (1/κ: Debye's radius, a: the particle radius) and at small Q. Taking into consideration that the macroion domain corresponds to extremely high concentrations of ionic groups, the formation of multiple ions by a counterion-mediated attraction, which was not considered so far, was tentatively suggested. Further, the contribution of localized ordered domains of macroions that were recently unveiled was suggested to be presumably influential in viscosity properties.
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