Results obtained from this study showed that significant bactericidal effect were obtained with ultra violet germicidal irradiation. However, it was not effective in some instances during the disinfection of the air, especially when the bacteria were believed to be attached to the dust particles in the air.Bacteria adhering to the dust particles are protected from direct irradiation. Although UV irradiation may reduce bacterial concentration in the air or may completely destroy the bacteria, air current and appropriate irradiation time should be taken into consideration. From these standpoints, it is essential to eliminate the dust from the air as much as possible when disinfecting the air wirh UV germicidal lamp to enhance the effectiveness. If conditions permit, it is necessary to close all windows of the room to be disinfected to prevent outside air from circulating in order to obtain effetive results. However, it may be possible in this instance to have an exchange of disinfected air by attaching an UV germicidal lamp to the ventilationduct.

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An ultraviolet germicidal lamp was installed in an air-tight room and with the layout ofvarious. conditions a fundamental observation was made. In the preparatory experiment, falling bacteria in the air-tight room are exhibiting some variations under a variety of slight conditions and the greatest one is by the presence of human beings. The mere occupation of human beings showed a tendency toward a considerable increase in the number of falling bacteria. In particular, movement of humans further strengthened this tendency. Moreover, it was found that the number of dusts floating in the room is exerting large effects on the vicissitude of falling bacteria. In the instance of instollation of an ultraviolet lamp with the establishment of all sorts of conditions, a rapid decline in the number of falling bacteria (number of colonies) was noted through illumination. Lighting prior to an entrance into the room can restore in 15 minutes the purification of air as it was, although a temporay increase in the number of bacteria was observed through the actof entering the room. A lso, the simultaneous lighting with entrance into the room led to a decrease of the　bacteria in 30 to 60 minutes, there being a purifying action on the air. In the air-tight room ; judging from the germicidal effectiveness on the indoor air alone, a fairly striking effectiveness can be achieved_??_by means of the installation and lighting of an ultraviolet germicidal lamp.

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As regards the ultraviolet germicidal lamp, study was made of the purifying action on the indoor air. In a dining room for the general mass, an experiment was performed changing the conditions only for opening or closing windows without the alteration of ordinary warking conditions. Even in the instance of keeping windows open, a considerable reduction in the number of colonies of falling bacteria in the room was recognized through the lighting of an ultraviolet lamp, but the lighting of lamp with the closure of windows produced a far more marked germicidal effectiveness han in the case of opened windows, the bacterial decrease rate being 67%.

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The measurement of the oxidation rate of bone marrow is important in order to know the grade of radiation injury and the course of recovery, because the oxidation rate of the bone marrow in the guinea pig shows remarkable decrease by a single whole body X-ray irradiation and its recovery is gradual. The subcutaneous injection of powdered young rabbits bone marrow every other day to the guinea pig which had been irradiated by X ray in doses of 300r at a time, significantly promate the recovery of oxidation in the bone marrow. On the other hand, the injection of powdered human leucocytes shows no good effects, and the daily injection of powdered pig's bone marrow or powoered pig lymphocytes shows inhibitory action in the recovery from the acute radiation injury in the guinea pig.

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A new hand funds camera has been designed with an entirely different optical system. With this camera, fundus pictures are taken without difficulty once the light pattern has been projected and focussed precisely on the funds. The photograph is taken with electronic flash illumination. This camera may be readily used for retinal photography on children, on patients in serious condition (some times even in coma or general anesthesia), in fundus screening programs, as a routine office procedure, for home or hospital calls, and in animal experiments. In addition, photographs of the anterior parts of the eye, the mouth, the pharynx, the eardrum, and the skin can be taken. Some actual photographs taken by this camera are illustrated.

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The author has made a fundamental study to examin working conditions with indiaink method from the viewpoint of pudlic health. 1) It is much better to examine it by looking for average grade of phagocytosis about positive cells only in the blood biopsy. 2) There are few subjects of discussion about the thickness of indiaink as factor to obstruct phagocytosis. It is proper to use No. 2 Toyo filterpapers in this examination. 3) It is suitable to keep the blood about 2 hours in the incubator holding 37°C.

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Inoculating the pure line baby mice's brain with epidemic hepatitis virus, the author studied their peripheral blood pictures and bone marrow pictures in the course of the experiment, the following results have been obtained. (1) In the peripheral blood, in the period of the attack of the disease, erythrocytes decreased in small number and hemogrobins showed a slight decrease in quantity. In the period of the attack of the disease, the total number of leucocytes decreased clearly under the influence of the change of the number of lymphocytes besides neutrophil cells decreased in the absolute value and their clear trasition toward the left of the nuclei was observed. Eosinophil. cells decreased or disappeared in the period of the attack of the disease and increased in the convalescence. Monocytes, plasma cells and reticulum cells increased after the latter period of the attack of the disease. Comparing these blood pictures with those of men attacked by epidemic hepatitis, the rise and fall of the total number of leuocytes was same but neutrophil cells took the principal part in the case of men and lympnocytes did the principal part in the case of mice. The rise and fall of the other cells was same in men and mice. (2) In the bone marrow pictures, in the period of the attack of the disease, the number of nucleated cells decreased remarkably. Erythroblast cells, lymphocytes and neutrophil cells decreased as well as nucleated cells did. No clear changes were observed in the eosinophil cells but monocytes, plasma cells and reticulum cells increased in a few number after the latter peroid of the attack of the disease.Next, both miotic and amiotic cells showed the slight relatiye increase in the period of the attack of the disease. Comparing these changes with those of men attacked by epidemic hepatitis, the same changes in the course were observed in the cells but in lymphocytes. (3) Opposing the peripheral blood pictures of mice to the bone marrow pictures of mice, the changes of the total number of leucocytes, the number of nucleated cells, and each neutrophil cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and plasma cells were same in the coures of the disease. Only eosinophil cells, which disappared ih the peripheral blood in the period of the attack of the disease decreased in a few number in the bone marrow even in the same period.

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The morphology of oral spirochetes in animals were studied by the author fluorescentmicroscopically, and the follawing results were obtained. 1. Fluoromicroscopic staining method was prayed best in the observation of oral spirachetes than giemsa's stain. 2. Macro-Borrelia type spircchetes had extra large spiral and Micro-Borrelia type spircchetes had comparatively large spiral, however, the number of spirals were scarce and the length and width of spirochetes were intermediate. 3. Tremponema-type spirochetes were thin, and had short, small and smooth spiral and the number of spiral were numerous. 4. Leptospira type spirochetes were thin, longand had smooth spiral. The number of spirals were numerous. 5. Specific type spirochetes were detected only in canine oral cavity, and were especially thick, short and each spiral was smooth and the number of spirals were scarce. 6. Micro-Borrelia type spirochetes had spirals similar to Borrelia-type spirochetes in the human mouth, however, the number of spiral were scarce and the spirochetes were slightly short. 7. Treponema-type spirochetes were thin, short and intermediate type of spirochetes between human oral and human extra-genital. And these three type were very similar. 8. Leptospira-type spirochetes were different to Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae and were intermedeiat type of human oral and human extra-genital. 9. Specific type spirochetes (Spirillum type?) were characteristic to canine, and were thicker and longer than human oral spirillum type spirochetes. 10. The morphology and movement of canine oral spirochetes were influenced by various drugs including antibiotics and arsenic compounds.

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Investigation was conducted on vascular changes in the lesion characteristic of autopsied lung of cases not treated chemotherapeutically, and histological test was made on vascular changes in resected lung after chemotherapy, while research was carried on effects of this therapy administered to various types of tuberculosis pulmonary variations as well as residual lesions by checking variations in the blood vessel of the lung. 1) The newest exsudative lesion in cases not treated chemotherapeutically, where no necrosis is found, is accompanied by a few variations in the pulmonary artery and vein without much relation to the lesional size, but only by inflammatory edema or slight cellular infiltration. There remains almost no vascular change in the region, where exsudates have disappeared to the full extent by effective chemotherapy administered to such lesion. 2) When even a new exsudative lesion is followed by incidence of central necrosis, small blood vessels with cellulary thickened inner coat can be frequently encountered in infiltrated cells around its border. Interlobular wall is often affected with cellular infiltration and serous exsudation. As the lesion gets remedied with its encapsulation, the thickened fibrous inner coat and organized thrombus are encountered in the cellular or connective tissue tunica as well as in the neighboring tiny artery and vein. There is almost no variation in blood vessels among normal circumferential pulmouary tissues separated by tunica, while the connective tissue of interlobular wall connected to the periphery is not only thickened in the caseous lesion in the natural course of encapsulation, but also thickened inner coat or organized thrombus are found in the vein running through the connective tissue. Caseous lesion capsulated after chemothrapy has generally thinned tunica, and in blood vessels　therefore there is so less variation. Moreover, in cases treated non-chemotherapeutically the atelectatic sclerotic lesion takes place frequently around the caseous one, and reveals vascular changes, as explained in the preceding. However, in cases treated chemotherapeutically the circumferential pulmonary tissue generally indicates a few non-peculiar changes, and consequently a few vascular changes above mentioned. 3) There are high incidences of symptoms such as fattened inner coat of the artery and vein, proliferated elastic fibers in the inner and outer coat, and obturated hollow due to the organized thrombus. Cases treated chemotherapeutically suffer from same vascular changes in the tissue originally affected with atelectatic sclerosis or having tended toward atelectatic sclerosis owing to some reason in the course of chemotherapy as found in the same region of cases treated non-chemotherapeutically. Such condition of tissue is frequently encountered around the wall of cavity. 4) There is almost no vascular change in the circumferential normal lung, where only lobular nodules develop, but variation above mentioned appear in tiny blood vessels adherent to those nodules. These changes become less evident in nodules, which have contracted rapidly owing to chemotherapy. 5) There are few differences between variations in the artery and vein, which mean mainly fattening of the inner coat and formation of thrombus. More of the latter is involved in the vein. And variation in the lobular wall takes a dominant part in the venous one. 6) From the preceding paragraph it can be summarized that total amount of vascular changes after chemotherapy is measured by quantitative presence of residual lesions including peculiar or non-peculiar ones. 7) Mortality due to tuberculosis itself is reduced, and patients of pulmonary tuberculosis are improved in period of survival by chemotherapy, while variation in pulmonary blood vessels continues to constitute a disturbance to the pulmonary circulation over long period.

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The rate of round-back children of the primary schools in Kanagawa prefecture and their respiratory and circulatory functions were examined. The rate was about 10% in 1952, but recently it has reached over 20%. In 1951 and 1952, it was higher in lower school classes, but now it is higher in upper classes. While in 1951 and 1952 its male/female ratio was about 2.0, the ratio has become 1.2-1.4 in 1958-1960. A correlation was found, to some extent, between the rate of round-back and the number of carious teeth. Further, the rate in fishing district was higher than rgsidential, commercial, industrial and agricultural districts. The increase of respiratary frequency and pulse rate of round-back group after 100 meter dash was more marked than normal group. This result suggests that round-back children may have some inferiority in respiratory and circulatory functions.

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A bibliographical study including our own experimental findings on the effects of noise to living beings related to the frequency of sound was made. There are disagreements in these findings, which led us to the concept that there should be many factors in the noise experiment and it was suggested that the fidelity of sound and the vibration should be included in these factors, which were discussed.

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Biological activities of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives such as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (HP), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate (HPA), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone capronate (HPC), 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (Provera) and 6α-chloro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (chlovera) were investigated. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Androgenic and anabolic activity : Spayed rats were injected with the Steroids daily 7 days and seminal vesicles, prostates and m. levator ani were weighed. 2000mcg. of progesterone, HP, HPA or HPC was all inactive, showing that thier activities were less than 1/80 of testosterone propionate, while 500mcg. of Provera and 1000mcg. of Chlovera were inactive, showing thier activities less than 1/20 to 1/40 of testosterone propionate. 2. Estrogenic activity : By the uterine weight method 1000mcg. of HP, HPA, HPC or Chlovera and 500mcg. of Provera were quite inactive, thier activities being less than 1/500 to 1/1000 of estrone, while 500mcg. of progesterone was active, corresponding to 1/500 of estrone. By smear test HPA, HP and HPC corresponded to 1/5000, 1/10000 and 1/10000 of estrone in activity. However, 1000mcg. of Provera and Chlovera were inactive, their activity being less than 1/10000 of estrone. 3. Inhibiting action on the pituitary : Gonadotropic potency of the pituitary was somewhat inhibited by Provera, but it was not influenced by HP, HPC and Chlovera. 4. Influences on the suprarenal gland : When male rats were injected with 1mg of Provera daily 7 to 20 days, of suprarenal gland in weight was confirmed only in the group of Provera. Histologically atrophy of zona fasciculata was distinct in the same group. 5. Progestational activity : These steroids were compared on progestational activity by the scale of Mc Phail, and relative potency can be tabulated as follows, when the potency of progesterone is assumed to be 100 in case of parenteral adminiatration and that of ethinyl-testosterone 100 in case of oral treatment. 6. Maintenance of pregnancy : On the 10th day of pregnancy of albino-rats bilateral ovaries were removed and maintenance of pregnancy was observed, treating with various steroid compounds. The rate of successful treatment was briefly as follows. 7. As for the toxic and side effect there were observed neither water retention in various organs nor impairement of general conditions, although rats and mice were treated with as much as 1mg of Provera or Chlovera daily 30 days by injection or mouth and 2.5mg daily 3 days intraperitoneally, respectively.

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Various biological activities of 19-Norsteroids, Methyl 19-Nortestosterone (MNT), Ethinyl 19-Nortestosterone (EtNT), Ethyl 19-Nortestosterone (ENT), 19-Nortestosterone (NT) and their esters were investigated. 1) Androgenic activity : According to Eisenberg and Gordan's test, 19-Norsteroids corresponded to 1/1C-1/20 of Testosterone propionate (TP). Ethinyltestosterone (ET) was the weakest (1/40 of TP) and MNT was a little stronger than EtNT. 2) Anabolic activity : By means of Eisenberg and Gordan's test, they corresponded to 1/5-1/20 of TP in anabolic activity, ET was the weakest (1/40 of TP). EtNT was a little weaker than MNT, where as NT was equal to TP, ENT was the strongest among them (1/2, 5 of TP). 3) Estrogenic activity : On Allen-Dolsy test, they corresponded to 1/1,000-1/4,000 of Estradiol (OH2) in estrogenic activity, EtNT was two times stronger than MNT. In uterotrophic activity on Lauson's test, thay had only 1/3,000-1/40,000 of action of OH2. EtNT was the strongest of all. 4) Progestational activity : On Clauberg test by injection they corresponded to 1/2-1/30 of Progesterone (P). MNT and EtNT was 1/30 of P. By oral administration they were distinctly activer than ET, in fact at least two-ten times. Both MNT and ENT were ten times activer than ET. As for the duration of Clauberg's progestational action following a single injection of 20mg. their esters were stronger than free compounds. The effects of both MNT-enanthate (MNTE) and EtNT-enanthate (EtNTE) were recognized even on 10th day after injection. 5) Inhibiting activity on pituitary gonadotrophic potency : Of inhibiting activity on pituitary gonadotrophic potency by testes weight decrease test in rats, EtNT was the strongest of others, MNT and their esters were not so active. By means of gonadotrophic potency test in mice following injection with 19-Norsteroids, EtNT inhibited its action and was the strongest of all. 6) Pregnancy maintenance activity : Activity in Clauberg test and pregnancy maintenance effect in rats were not always pararrel. The 19-Norsteroids were all quite active in even if given by mouth, but pregnancy maintenance effect was rather weak. On Clauberg test 19-Norsteroids were generally stronger when given by mouth than by injection, while in pregnancy maintenance actlvity parenteral application was better than peroral treatment. 7) Effect on sexual cycle of rats : MNT and EtNT inhibited the estrus when given for a long time. In generally the sexual cycle became irregular. 8) Chemical structures and biological activities : There seemed to exist a definite relation between the chemical structures and the biological activities of 19-Norsteroids.

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Biological research was made on peptimycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, which had been found by the author in a culture broth of a soil actinomyces. The peptimycin-producing strain was considered to be a new species. Peptimycin was found to be markedly inhibitory against Ehrlich carcinoma in both ascites and subcutaneous solid tumor type and also against sarcoma 180 in ascites type. It scarcely did morphological damage to the tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro. No transformation of peptimycin was recognized into such a substance as would give a morphological injury to the cells. It was concluded that peptimycin would presumably act on host body to vary the condition of the host and in consequence exhibit tumor-inhibitory effects in vivo. Peptimycin had no anti-microbial activity. The. LD₅₀ in mice was 35.36mg/kg through intravenous route.

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