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YOSHIHISA OKAMOTO, YOSHIHISA KURASAWA, KANAME TAKAGI, ATSUSHI TAKADA, ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
243-247
Published: February 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
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A nucleophilic reaction of 2-aminopyridines (or 2-aminoheterocycles) with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile was investigated and structures of the reaction products were assigned as shown in Table II. Similar reactions using 2-aminopyridine hydrochloride were found to give 1, 2-dihydro-1- (2, 2-dicyanovinyl) -2-iminopyridine (IV), and 1, 2-dihydro-1- (2, 2-dicyanovinyl) -2- (2, 2-dicyanovinylimino) pyridine (VIa).
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TAKASHI HIRAOKA, JUN SERIZAWA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
248-253
Published: February 25, 1974
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An attempt was made to quantitatively evaluate the effect of sympathomimetic amines by measuring the decrease in ear temperature, which reflects the constriction of the peripheral vessels, in intact rabbits and dogs. In rabbits, the decrease in ear temperature was proportional to the increasing dose of epinephrine, norepinephrine or ethylphenylephrine when the drugs were given intravenously. The linear regression between the logarithmic dose and the area under time-decreasing curve was highly significant for each drug. The action of l-epinephrine was approximately two times more effective than that of dl-norepinephrine, and the effect of ethylphenylephrine persisted longer than that of the others. Little decrease in ear temperature was observed after intravenous injection of isoproterenol. The ear temperature lowering action of norepinephrine and ethylphenylephrine was inhibited by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. In rabbits and dogs, when ethylphenylephrine was orally given, the linear regression between the logarithmic dose and the area under time-decreasing curve was also highly significant. The present results indicate that the determination of ear temperature is useful for the evaluation of potencies of preparations containing the vasoconstrictors tested.
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YUTAKA ASAHI, KAZUO SHINOZAKI, MASAYOSHI MITANI, HIROSHI OHTSUKA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
254-261
Published: February 25, 1974
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The 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinones such as emodin (I), physcion (II), crysophanol (III), aloe-emodin (IV) and rhein (V) show reversible 2-electron reduction wave forming the hydroquinones in aqueous isopropanol solutions. Their semiquinones are stable in dimethylformamide. Sennosides (VI) show irreversible 2-electron reduction wave accompanied with 2 adsorption waves, which are ascribed to reductive cleavage of the C-C bridge to the anthrone (VII). The carbonyl in VII is successively reduced to the corresponding alcohol (XI), which seems to dehydrate to the anthracene (XII). Then, the I-V and VI in rhubarb can be determined by polarography.
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MITSURU FURUKAWA, YOKO KOJIMA, YASUKO OKAHARA, SEIGORO HAYASHI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
262-266
Published: February 25, 1974
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Arylthiation of the nucleophilic β-carbon atom of 1-morpholino-1-cyclohexene with arensulfensuccinimides and arensulfenamides was successfully carried out. Moreover, benzylthiosulfenylation of morpholine and thiophenol with benzylthiosulfenphthalimide was examined and found to give successfully benzylthiosulfenmorpholide and benzyl phenyl trisulfide.
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FUMITAKA TAKAMI, KANJI TOKUYAMA, SHIGERU WAKAHARA, YUTAKA FUKUI, TAKAS ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
267-274
Published: February 25, 1974
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The decomposition of [(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl] dithiocarbamic acid (I) in alkaline solution was kinetically studied. The entropy of activation was largely negative compared with that of the corresponding 4-deamino compound (VIII). This result indicates the decomposition pathway should be I→VI→IV (Chart 1). The decomposition of the esters of I showing bell-shaped rate-pH profiles also follows a pathway similar to the above.
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FUMITAKA TAKAMI, KENJI IKAWA, KANJI TOKUYAMA, SHIGERU WAKAHARA, TAKASH ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
275-279
Published: February 25, 1974
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The effect of carbon disulfide on the decomposition of N-monosubstituted dithiocarbamic acids was kinetically investigated. In the preparation of I, the presence of excess of carbon disulfide was elucidated to accelerate the decomposition of I. The rate is proportional to [CS
2], [OH
-] and [I], respectively. This is explained by the pathway, I⇌II⇌^^^(CS
2)VIII→^^^(OH
-)VI ; carbon disulfide reacts with I to afford an adduct VIII, which plays an important role. The requirement of pH-control for preparation of I was interpreted by the results.
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EIICHI FUJITA, MANABU TAOKA, TETSURO FUJITA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
280-285
Published: February 25, 1974
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On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structure and absolute configuration of lasiokaurinol isolated from Isodon lasiocarpus (HAYATA) KUDO were established as ent-1β-acetoxy-7β, 20-epoxy-16-kaurene-6α, 7α, 14α, 15α-tetraol (9). The structure of another minor diterpenoid, lasiokaurinin, was proposed as 10 on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Some chemical reactions confirmed its structure and relative stereochemistry as 10.
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AKIRA TAKAMIZAWA, ITSUO MAKINO, SUMIKO YONEZAWA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
286-292
Published: February 25, 1974
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The reaction of thiamine free base (I) with isocyanate derivatives in polar solvent such as dimethylformamide afforded 2- (7-methyl-3, 4-dihydropyrimido [4, 5-d] pyrimidin-3-yl) -2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl alkyl (aryl) carbamthiolate (V), which then reacted with another isocyanate molecule to give N-carbamoylthiamine free base (II). The reaction mechanism is discussed kinetically. The reaction of I with isocyanate derivatives in less polar solvent such as chloroform afforded only II-analogues. The reaction of II with N, N-disubstituted carbamoylchlorides afforded 2- [N-formyl-N- (2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidin-5-yl) methyl] amino-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl disubstituted carbamthiolates (VIIa-c).
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AKIRA TAKAMIZAWA, SAICHI MATSUMOTO, SHOJI SAKAI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
293-298
Published: February 25, 1974
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Reactions of thiamine and related thiazolium ylides with aryl isothiocyanates afforded zwitterionic adducts (Va-j) or cycloadducts (VIa-c). An electron attracting substituent in the aryl group favored the zwitterion formation, while an electron donating substituent favored the cycloadduct formation. A ring expansion reaction of 2-thiocarbamoylated thiazolium ring giving 1, 4-thiazine derivative was also described.
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AKIRA TAKAMIZAWA, SAICHI MATSUMOTO, SHOJI SAKAI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
299-304
Published: February 25, 1974
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Reactions of 3, 4-dimethyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) thiazolium iodide (I) and 3-benzyl-4-methyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) thiazolium bromide (I') with diaryl carbodiimides afforded corresponding (1 : 1) adduct (III, III') and (1 : 2) cycloadduct (IV, IV'). Product distribution in these reactions was largely effect by a substituent of carbodiimide and of thiazolium nitrogen. For para substituent in carbodiimide in the reaction with (I), the product ratio IV/III was increased in the order Me<H<NO
2, which suggested that the formation of zwitterion (VI) by deprotonation of (1 : 1) adduct is the rate determining step for the cycloaddition reaction. ortho substituent in carbodiimide markedly increased the formation of cycloadduct in the reaction both with I and with I', while thiazolium N-benzyl group in I' decreased the cycloadduct formation as compared to N-CH
3 group.
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AKIRA TAKAMIZAWA, SAICHI MATSUMOTO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
305-310
Published: February 25, 1974
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Reaction of thiamine with diaryl carbodiimide was found to be quite different from that of the simple thiamine model compound giving unusual (1 : 2) adduct, S- [1- (2, 7-dimethyl-8-aryl-9-arylimino-5, 7, 8, 9-tetrahydroimidazo [1, 5-a] pyrimido [4, 5-d] pyrimidin-7-yl) -3-hydroxy-propyl] -N, N'-diaryl isothioureas (IIIa, IIIb). The structure of the (1 : 2) adduct was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic evidences, and it was found that the (1 : 2) adduct (IIIa) underwent a novel acid-catalyzed decomposition reaction to give 7-methyl-2- (N-acetyl-N, N'-di-p-tolyl) amidino-1, 4-dihydropyrimido [4, 5-d] pyrimidine (VIIIa). Mechanistic consideration on these reactions was briefly made.
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AKIRA TAKAMIZAWA, SAICHI MATSUMOTO, ITSUO MAKINO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
311-315
Published: February 25, 1974
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1, 3-Dipolar addition reaction of 2- (N, N'-diarylamidino) thiazolium salts with heterocumulenes such as isocyanate and isothiocyanate yielded 4-aryliminoparabanic acid derivatives. On the other hand, action of alkali upon the 2-amidinothiazolium salts afforded 2-arylimino-2, 3-dihydro-1, 4-thiazin-3-one derivatives providing a new ring expansion reaction of thiazolium salts to 1, 4-thiazine derivatives.
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TAKUZO HISANO, YUKO YABUTA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
316-326
Published: February 25, 1974
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In order to clarify in more detail the dechlorination of the chlorine-substituent in 4 (3H) -quinazolinone in the course of the quinazolinone cyclization process, some further experiments have been carried out by the modified Willgerodt-Kindler reaction condition and the modified Niementowski reaction. The results obtained proved that the dechlorination occurred at the cyclization step in the modified Niementowski reaction.
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ISAMU HORIKOSHI, NORIAKI TAKEGUCHI, MAGOTOSHI MORII
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
327-330
Published: February 25, 1974
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To clarify the viscous behaviors of powder when sample which had been compressed once was recompressed, the relation between compression stress and displacement of upper punch was studied. There appeared a hysteresis loop in the stress-displacement diagram and from the loop area loss energy depending on the viscosity of sample was calculated, and the relation between loss energy and compression time was investigated. Some informations on the influence of additives upon loss energy were also obtained. It was proved that the fact that in the process of tabletting larger compression force was required when compression velocity was increased was the result of increasing of loss energy based on the viscosity of sample.
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KENTARO OKUMURA, KAZUHIKO KONDO, TOYONARI OINE, ICHIZO INOUE
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
331-336
Published: February 25, 1974
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Several chromone-3-carboxanilides (7a-f) were prepared by amidation of chromone-3-carboxylic acid (6), or better, by cyclization of 2- (2-hydroxybenzoyl) acetanilides (9a-c). In the latter procedure, the direct and convenient synthesis of 2- (2-benzyloxybenzoyl) -acetanilides (8a and 8b) from 2-benzyloxyacetophenone (1) was achieved using aryl isocyanates in the presence of NaH.
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HYOZO TANIYAMA, YOSUKE SAWADA, SHIGEO TANAKA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
337-341
Published: February 25, 1974
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Racemomycin-A, one of streptothricin-group antibiotics, was condensed with aromatic aldehydes. These N-phenylalkylidene derivatives were active against gram-positive and-negative bacteria and Mycobacterium, and showed a tendency of lower delayed toxicity in mice. N-Phenylalkyl and N-acetyl derivatives of Racemomycin-A showed poor antimicrobial activity but with weaken delayed toxicity.
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RYUJI MARUMOTO, YOSHIO YOSHIOKA, MIKIO HONJO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
342-348
Published: February 25, 1974
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Tricyclic ribonucleosides which possess novel heterocyclic systems such as thiazolo- [3, 2-a] purine (XI), dihydrothiazolo [3, 2-a] purine (VI), dihydro-m-thiazino [3, 2-a] purine and s-triazolo [4, 3-a] purine were synthesized starting from 2-mercaptoinosine. These tricyclic ribonucleosides were somewhat less stable than guanosine toward the acid hydrolysis of nucleosidic linkages.
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YASUO INUBUSHI, TOHRU KIKUCHI, TOSHIRO IBUKA, KIYOSHI TANAKA, IKUTARO ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
349-367
Published: February 25, 1974
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Total synthesis of (±)-dendrobine has been completed. The ketol (19) was derived to the keto-nitrile (21). Hydrogenation of (21) gave the compound (5). Treatment of (5) with Br
2, followed by dehydrobromination provided the enone (6). After ketalization, the compound (5) was hydrolyzed and deketalization of the product gave the keto-lactone (8). The compound (8) was derived to the keto-lactam (9) which was successively treated with iso-PrMgBr, KHSO
4, I
2-AcOAg-AcOH-H
2O, KOH-MeOH-H
2O, and CrO
3-pyridine to afford the enone (10) and (55). Hydrocyanation of (10) with Et
2AlCN gave three isomeric cyano-ketones (11), (56), and (57). Hydrolysis of the cyano-ketone (11) with H
2SO
4-AcOH, followed by methylation afforded the keto-ester (60). Reduction of (60) with NaBH
4 gave the hydroxy-ester (61). Hydrolysis of (61) with KOH, followed by acidification yielded (±)-oxodendrobine (13). Reduction of (13) by the Borch's method gave (±)-dendrobine (1).
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TAKASHI SATO, TATSUZO FUJII
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
368-374
Published: February 25, 1974
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Binding of calcium and magnesium ions to human erythrocyte membrane was investigated by determination of these cations by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Roles of the membrane components in the binding were also studied. Mean Ca and Mg contents of the erythrocyte stroma are 22 and 40 n moles, respectively, per stroma equivalent to 1 ml of the packed erythrocytes. About 60 and 40% of the membrane Ca are associated respectively with the outer and inner surface of the membrane, whereas about 15% of the membrane Mg are burried in the intra-membrane region and the remaining 85% are loosely adsorbed onto the membrane surfaces which are removable by simple saline washes. The erythrocyte stroma can bind large amounts of Ca and Mg additionally from the surrounding medium. These "exogenous" divalent cations are, however, easily removed by simple saline washes and the binding seems to be non-specific with respect to the ion species. At least three different kinds of sites each are concerned in the binding of Ca or Mg to the membrane. Membrane lipids, in addition to membrane proteins, are thought to play important roles in the association of the firmly-bound Ca (Ca originally present) in the membrane, but not so much in the additional binding of Ca from the medium.
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KINZO NAGASAWA, OSAMU ISHIDAKA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
375-384
Published: February 25, 1974
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Fluorescence characteristics of 8-quinolyl derivatives substituted with anionic dissociative group at the hydroxyl in 8-hydroxyquinoline were examined in relation to that of 8-methoxyquinoline. A remarkable effect of Cd (II) and Zn (II) on the increase in fluorescence intensity of both 8-quinolyl dihydrogen phosphate (8-QP) and 8-hydroxyquinoline carboxymethylate (8-HQCM) was observed. Fluorometric examinations of these compounds in the presence of Cd (II) or Zn (II) suggested a possible formation of the fluorescent chelate ; 8-QP-Cd (II) (1 : 1) and 8-HQCM-Zn (II) (1 : 1). Fluorometric determination of Cd (II) and Zn (II) was successfully achieved by measuring the increase in fluorescence intensity of 8-QP or 8-HQCM in the presence of these ions.
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TYOTARO TUKAMOTO, SHOJI OZEKI, FUJIO HATTORI, TAKASHI ISHIDA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
385-389
Published: February 25, 1974
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The interaction of ascorbic acid and some monofatty acid ascorbyl esters to bovine serum albumin was investigated by a dynamic dialysis method in an attempt to elucidate some of the structural specificities of the interaction. The chemicals used were ascorbic acid, ascorbyl octanoate, ascorbyl decanoate, and ascorbyl benzoate. Analysis of the binding data showed that the albumin possesses a single binding site for these chemicals, and that there are marked differences in their binding strength, which increases in order of ascorbic acid, benzoate, octanoate, and decanoate. The affinity of binding was also found to depend on the hydrophobic character of their acid residues, as expressed by a partition coefficient. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that these interactions are exothermic and occur spontaneously under the experimental conditions used. In addition electrostatic attraction, the interaction of hydrophobic groups between the protein and ascorbates was shown to be involved in the formation of complexes. Finally, the role of the hydrophobic interaction was indicated from the consideration of values for the positive change of entropy.
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YUKIO ONO, YO UEDA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
390-397
Published: February 25, 1974
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The infrared frequencies of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were correlated well with their π bond orders calculated by HMO method employing hetero-atomic parameters selected in the previous paper. Carbonyl frequencies of each group of para-substituted benzaldehydes, acetophenones and methylbenzoates were also shown to be in tolerable correlation with their π bond orders, respectively. But the regression lines of these three groups of compound run parallel separately. This phenomenon was considered to show a defect of conventional method of HMO calculation of disubstituted aromatic compounds [X-C
6H
4-Y]. As a method of improvement of this defect a series of mutual additive substituent parameter (MASP) was introduced. The MASP of substituent [X] is added to the coulomb integral of a hetero atom of substituent [Y], and vice versa. By use of MASP to aromatic compounds, carbonyl frequencies of not only saturated, α, β-unsaturated and para-, but also meta-substituted aromatic carbonyl compounds were all found to be linearly correlated with their π bond orders.
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TAKU CHIBA, MASANOBU HAGA, SETSUZO TEJIMA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
398-403
Published: February 25, 1974
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The title compounds are required for the substrate specificity study on β-D-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23). Starting from 1, 2, 3, 2', 3', 4', 6'-hepta-O-acetyl-β-lactose, 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-glucuronic acid, 6-O-methyl-α-lactose, methyl 3, 6-anhydro-β-lactoside, and 6-deoxy-α-lactose were synthesized. 1, 2, 3-Tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl) -β-D-xylo-hex-5-eno-pyranose (13) was also prepared by elimination of hydrogen iodide with silver fluoride in dry pyridine from 1, 2, 3, 2', 3', 4', 6'-hepta-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-iodo-β-lactose. In catalytic hydrogenation of 13, regardless of the catalyst, a stereospecific hydrogenation proceeded in such a way that the 6-deoxy-L-ido isomer, 1, 2, 3-tri-O-acetyl-4-O- (2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl) -6-deoxy-α-L-idopyranose (14), was overwhelmingly predominant than the corresponding 6-deoxy-D-gluco isomer, 1, 2, 3-tri-O-acetyl-4-O- (2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl) -6-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose. The result was the reverse with that reported in unsaturated monosaccharide series. Deacetylation of 14 afforded 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-6-deoxy-L-idopyranose as a hygroscopic powder.
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KUNIO TAKAHASHI, TADAHIRO TAKEDA, SHOJI SHIBATA, MOTOKO INOMATA, FUMIK ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
404-408
Published: February 25, 1974
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The water-soluble polysaccharides of several kinds of lichens of Stictaceae, especially Lobaria orientalis, have been studied chemically in the relation with their host-mediated antitumour activities agamst sarcoma 180 in mice. L. orientalis contains at least two glycopeptides, LOF-1 and -2, which are the first example of the antitumour active glycopeptides found in lichens. The carbohydrate moiety of LOF-1 consists of 1→6 glucan and 1→3 mannan, which is linked with serine and threonine of the peptide part by O-glycosyl linkages.
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NOBUHIKO ISHII, TOSHIO KURODA, YOSHINARI TAKAGI, SANYA AKABOSHI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
409-412
Published: February 25, 1974
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Among 6 derivatives of 5-mercaptopyridoxine, pyridoxamine-5-thiophosphate was most powerful in protecting mice from X-radiation. Its efficacy was nearly comparable with that of the typical radioprotector, cysteamine. It was less toxic than any other derivatives tested, the ratio of the median lethal dose to the minimum radioprotective dose was smaller than 1/4. It was effective when administered orally as well as when injected intraperitoneally. Quicker recovery of leucocyte number was observed in the circulating blood of the protected animals than in the controls. The compound protected an enzyme protein (β-glucuronidase) from radiation-inactivation in aqueous solution as powerfully as cysteamine did. However, it was much less effective than cysteamine in protecting HeLa S
3 cells from the loss of reproductive integrity caused by radiation.
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HIDEKO ISHIHARA, HIROH IKEZAWA, SETSUZO TEJIMA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
413-420
Published: February 25, 1974
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Using gas-liquid chromatography in the esterase assay, the properties of esterases from swine liver and Mucor iavanicus were studied in the presence of high concentration of alcohols, with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-amyl esters of n-butyric acid as the substrates of esterases, the relationship between the enzyme activities of alcoholysis and hydrolysis was discussed in detail.
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SYUICHI SANADA, NORIKO KONDO, JUNZO SHOJI, OSAMU TANAKA, SHOJI SHIBATA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
421-428
Published: February 25, 1974
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Ginsenoside-Ro, -Rb
1, -Rb
2, -Rc and -Rd, the saponins of Ginseng root (root of Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER) have been isolated. The structures of these saponins have been established as I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. Ginsenoside-Ro is identical with chikusetsusaponin V, isolated from P. japonicum C. A. MEYER (=P. pseudoginseng var. japonicum HARA) and P. pseudoginseng subsp. himalaicus var. angustifolius, while ginsenoside-Rb
1 is identical with saponin-D, isolated from the latter.
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IKUKO KIMURA, ISAO MORISHIMA, TEIJIRO YONEZAWA, MASAYASU KIMURA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
429-432
Published: February 25, 1974
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The electronic structures of alkyltrialkylammonium derivatives were studied by the CNDO/2 method, and cholinomimetic and cholinolytic activities of these compounds were discussed. The remarkable decrease of the positive charge density of N atom and the raising of the lowest vacant (LV) energy level are theoretically observed with the successive ethylation of tetramethylammonium base (TMA). The stepwise lengthening of an onium group of TMA makes the positive charge density of N atom approach decreasingly to a constant value (+0.60), which corresponds to the range of weak agonist. The lengthening, furthermore, causes the gradual raising of the LV energy, of which the value is expected to approach gradually to the range of antagonistic methyltriethylammonium base (-0.83 eV). From these results, we concluded that the larger than +0.60 the positive charge density of N atom and the lower than -0.83 eV the LV energy are, the more potent agonist the compounds become.
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TAKASHI UESUGI, MARIKO IKEDA, YOSHIAKI KANEI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
433-438
Published: February 25, 1974
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Thiamphenicol glucuronide (TPG), chloramphenicol glucuronide (CPG) and phenolphthalein glucuronide (PPG), administered intravenously to rats with ligated renal pedicles, rapidly appear in the bile in high concentrations as the unchanged compounds. Between 4 and 30 min after administration, the bile-to-blood concentration ratios of the glucuronides are 33-122 for TPG, 35-142 for CPG and 6-101 for PPG. Furthermore, the transport process of the glucuronides is saturable and the excretion is depressed by probenecid. The results indicate that TPG, CPG and PPG are excreted into the rat bile by an active transport process.
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TAKEHISA CHIBA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
439-445
Published: February 25, 1974
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Studies were made on the influence of thiol and disulfide compounds on glucose uptake into red blood cells (RBC) of normal and alloxan diabetic rats. 1) Incorporation of glutathione (GSH), 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG), oxidized GSH and oxidized MPG into RBC was examined. MPG was found to be incorporated into RBC. When MPG was allowed to react with RBC at 37° for 30 minutes, approximately 30% of MPG in the reaction solution was incorporated into RBC (alloxan diabetic (AD)-RBC). Four to ten per cent of the incorporated MPG existed in the oxidized form. 2) Incorporation of glucose into normal RBC and AD-RBC was examined. Incorporation of glucose into AD-RBC was inhibited. 3) In normal RBC, such compounds as MPG and cystein which were incorporated into RBC increased glucose uptake, while GSH showed a tendency to inhibit incorporation of glucose. Incorporation of glucose was inhibited by oxd GSH, oxd MPG and cystine. 4) Influence of various inhibitors was studied. Incorporation of glucose was inhibited by SH reagents (HgCl
2, parachloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), parachloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS), NEM), but not by insulin. Potassium borohydride increased glucose uptake. 5) Disappearance of glucose from normal RBC and AD-RBC was studied. Fifty per cent of glucose disappeared from normal RBC 9 minutes later and from AD-RBC 19 minutes later. The time required for the disappearance of 50% of glucose from normal RBC and from AD-RBC was shortened to 7 minutes and to 16 minutes respectively by the addition of MPG. As mentioned above, there is a difference in incorporation of glucose into RBC between normal RBC and AD-RBC. Furthermore, promotion of glucose uptake by MPG and cysteine and inhibition of glucose uptake by oxd MPG and cystine were discussed.
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MITSURU FURUKAWA, YOKO KOJIMA, SEIGORO HAYASHI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
446-448
Published: February 25, 1974
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TORU OKUKAWA, KUNIO SUZUKI, MINORU SEKIYA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
448-451
Published: February 25, 1974
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KAZUEI IGARASHI, IKUE IZUMI, KATSUKO HARA, SEIYU HIROSE
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
451-454
Published: February 25, 1974
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HOLEUNG FUNG, THOMAS NEALON
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
454-458
Published: February 25, 1974
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MUTSUYOSHI KITAMOTO, KUNIO HIROI, SHIRO TERASHIMA, SHUNICHI YAMADA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
459-464
Published: February 25, 1974
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MASASHI OKADA, TAKAKO ANJYO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
464-467
Published: February 25, 1974
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TORU KOIZUMI, YOSHIYUKI ARAI, EIICHI YOSHII
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
468-470
Published: February 25, 1974
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ISAMU MURAKOSHI, FUMIO KATO, JOJU HAGINIWA, TSUNEMATSU TAKEMOTO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
473-475
Published: February 25, 1974
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MASATOSHI YAMATO, KOICHI SATO, KUNIKO HASHIGAKI, MIYOKO OKI, TAKAJI KO ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
475-476
Published: February 25, 1974
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SHONOSUKE ZEN, EISUKE KAJI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
477-479
Published: February 25, 1974
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ISAMU MURAKOSHI, FUMIO KATO, JOJU HAGINIWA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
480-481
Published: February 25, 1974
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HIROSHI KOGA, MASAAKI HIROBE, TOSHIHIKO OKAMOTO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
482-484
Published: February 25, 1974
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