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Volume 30, Issue 2
Displaying 1-50 of 55 articles from this issue
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JUZIRO NISHIJO, KUMIKO OHNO, KEIKO NISHIMURA, MICHIKO HUKUDA, HIDEKO I ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 391-397
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe formation of solid complexes of theophylline with 16 aliphatic monoamines was attempted from aqueous and absolute ethyl alcohol solutions. Theophylline forms solid complexes with methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, monoethanolamine, n-propanolamine, and isopropanolamine, in a molar ratio of 1 : 1. The solid complex of methylamine contains one molecule of water of crystallization. The ability to form solid complexes was considered to be related to the pKa value, type, and hydrophobic property of the amine. The thermal and physico-chemical properties of these solid complexes were investigated by differential thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffractometry, and infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the thermal stabilities of the solid complexes of amines with a hydroxyl group are higher than those of amines without a hydroxyl group ; however, the incremental thermal stabilities of the complexes of amines without a hydroxyl group are higher than those of amines with a hydroxyl group upon formation of the solid complex. The heats of reaction for formation of the solid complexes of theophylline with monoamines and the activation energies of deamination reactions of the solid complexes were determined and are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
TANEKAZU KUBOTA, KIYOSHI EZUMI, MASUMI YAMAKAWA, BUNJI UNO1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 398-403
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious steric parameters used for the analysis of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were examined in relation to CNDO/2 molecular orbital calculations. The through-space interaction energies εTH and εTX (see text for physical significance) among the atoms consisting of the outside part of [C(R1R2R3)·C(OH)(OH2)(OC2H5)]+ were calculated and employed as an index describing the steric effect. The structure was considered to be the transition state intermediate in the acid hydrolysis of C (R1R2R3)·COO-C2H5. The correlation of εTH or εTX with steric parameters commonly used in QSAR studies was examined in detail. The characteristics of such steric parameters as ECS, ES, molar volume, molar refractivity, parachor, εTH and εTX and discussed in relation to their usefulness for QSAR studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
HIROSHI KASHIWAGI, SABURO ENOMOTO1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 404-411
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe heterogeneous vapor-phase alkylation of pyridine with methanol over Na+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+ exchanged X-or Y-type zeolite in an atmosphere of nitrogen resulted in the formation of 2- and 4-ethylpyridines and 2- and 4-vinylpyridines together with picolines and lutidines. Next, the alkylation of α-, β-, and γ-picolines with methanol was studied over alkali cation exchanged zeolites and was found to produce mainly the side-chain methylated derivatives (lutidines) were formed simultaneously. In general, the catalytic activity became observable under reaction conditions involving both a high temperature and a small flow rate of carrier gas (N2). The yields of ethylpyridines were highest when the CsY catalyst was used at 450°C, whereas the yields of vinylpyridines were highest when the CsX catalyst was used at 425°C. This catalytic side-chain alkylation over alkali cation exchanged zeolites was successfully applied to a variety of picolines, lutidines, and ethylpyridines with either methanol or ethanol.View full abstractDownload PDF (971K) -
MEGUMI SHIBATA, CHIAKI TANAKA, MASATOSHI INOUE, TOSHIMASA ISHIDA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 412-418
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molecular structure of 5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl isocyanate dimer (II), the thermal decomposition product of benzyl 5-phenyl-2-oxazolecarbamate (I), was determined as 2-phenyl-6-(5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl) oxazolo [3, 2-a] [1, 3, 5] triazine-5, 7-dione (IV) by X-ray analysis. The crystal is triclinic, space group P1 with the following unit cell dimensions : a=8.472(3), b=13.498(3), c=7.808(2) A, α=97.53(2)°, β=104.07(3)°, γ=80.58(2)° and Z=2. The structure was solved by a direct method and refined by the least-squares method to R=0.057. No hydrogen bonding was observed in the crystal. The molecules were held together by the normal van der Waals contacts especially by the prominent stacking interaction between the oxazolotriazine moiety and neighboring benzene rings.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) -
TOKIHIRO NIIYA, YOSHINOBU GOTO, KEIKI KOUNO, YUKIO ONO, YO UEDA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 419-427
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSπ-π* Transition energies of steroid polyenes were calculated by the Pariser-Parr-Pople type LCAO-MO-CI method. Excellent coincidence was obtained between the calculated and the observed energies. The method was applied to the calculation of π-π* transition energies of steroid polyenyl cations having the structures assumed in the previous paper. Calculated energies of most of the cations were found to coincide very well with the wavelengths of maxima in the absorption spectra of steroid polyenes in strong acids. This result supports the validity of the assumptions made in the previous paper. The method was not suitable for the calculation of π-π* transition energies of steroid polyenyl cations having π electrons delocalized on more than nine carbon atoms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K) -
AKASHI ERIGUCHI, TOSHIO TAKEGOSHI1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 428-439
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2-Aryl-substituted 3a, 4, 5, 9b-tetrahydronaphtho [1, 2-d]-1, 3-dioxolanes (4), 5-phenyl-(6), 5-(1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-(7) and 5-(2-naphthyl)-1, 3-dioxanes (8) and 3-aryl-substituted 1H-naphtho [2, 1-d] [1, 3] dioxins (5) were synthesized. Among them, the 1, 3-dioxanes (6-8) were each obtained as a mixture of the trans and cis isomers. Two stereoisomers of the 2-(3-pyridyl)-substituted derivatives (6c and 7c) and the trans isomers of the other 1, 3-dioxanes (6-8) were isolated and their stereostructures are discussed. Most of the trans isomers of 6-8 showed potent hypolipidemic activity, while the cis isomers were inactive. The most active compound was the trans isomer of 7c.View full abstractDownload PDF (1299K) -
MASAYUKI OYA, TOSHIO BABA, EISHIN KATO, YOICHI KAWASHIMA, TOSHIO WATAN ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 440-461
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe synthesis and antihypertensive activity of a new series of N-(mercaptoacyl)-thiazolidinecarboxylic acids (VIIa-d) are described. Antihypertensive activity was evaluated in terms of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The activities of these compounds were compared with that of (2S)-1-[(2S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl] proline, SQ 14225, and many of them were found to be relatively potent inhibitors of ACE. The most potent was (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-mercaptopropanoyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (62). Structure-activity relationships among the thiazolidines and some related compounds are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1929K) -
HIROYUKI OBASE, NOBUHIRO NAKAMIZO, HARUKI TAKAI, MASAYUKI TERANISHI, K ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 462-473
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of 4-piperidylbenzimidazolinones, of formula I, has been synthesized. Selective syntheses of erythro and threo isomers of α-alkyl phenylethanolamines were investigated. Most members of the series have been shown to have antihypertensive effects in various animal models. Compounds 27 and 31 (threo isomers) showed the strongest hypotensive activities in the present screening series.View full abstractDownload PDF (1404K) -
HIROYUKI OBASE, NOBUHIRO NAKAMIZO, HARUKI TAKAI, MASAYUKI TERANISHI, K ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 474-483
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of our search for new antihypertensive agents, several 4-piperidylbenzimidazolinone derivatives (I-III) were synthesized. These compounds showed only moderate antihypertensive activity in three hypertensive rat models.View full abstractDownload PDF (1167K) -
MASAYUKI OYA, EISHIN KATO, JUN-ICHI IWAO, NORITAKE YASUOKA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 484-493
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absolute configuration of (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-mercaptopropionyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (11a), SA 446, which has a potent inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), was determined to be (2R, 4R) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specific rotation measurement and X-ray crystallography. The structure-activity relationships of the (2R, 4R)-and (2S, 4R)-isomers are discussed, and stereoselective acylation of (4R)-2-aryl-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acids (1-3) is also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (1099K) -
TOSHIHIRO HASHIMOTO, YOSISIGE KATO, MOTOO SHIRO, YUKIYO TAKAHASHI, YOS ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 494-501
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe product (III) was obtained by Diels-Alder reaction of 16, 17-dehydrodigitoxigenin 3-acetate (I) with ethyl acrylate on heating. The structure of III was determined by X-ray analysis, and III was found to be a head to head adduct of ethyl acrylate on the β-side of the 16, 20 (22)-diene moiety of I. The analogous reaction of I with dimethyl maleate gave two products (VI and VII) in similar yields. The structure of VI was also determined by X-ray analysis, and VII was considered to be the 24-epimer of VI, based on the spectral data and interconversion between VI and VII upon alumina treatment. In VI and VII, the double bond was found to be shifted towards the conjugated position from the original position in the diene synthetic product. Dimethyl fumarate gave a normal product (X) on addition to I on the β-side of the diene system. Upon alumina treatment, X was transformed into VI and VII, confirming the structures of VII and X. By analogy with the β-side addition of the above dienophiles, the configurations of 16-H and 22-H of the dimer (II) were both proposed to be α.View full abstractDownload PDF (917K) -
YASUO KOMODA, MASATO SHIMIZU, SHIGERU KANEKO, MASAKO YAMAMOTO, MASAYUK ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 502-508
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA biologically active and strongly fluorescent marine base, paragracine (1), was isolated from an anthozoan, Parazoanthus gracilis (LWOWSKY), and the structure of 1 was determined to be 2-dimethylamino-6-methyl-8-methylamino-1H-1, 3, 7, 9-tetrazacyclopent-[e] azulene. Chemical reactions were also carried out to investigate the reactivity of 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
MIKIO YAMAZAKI, YUKIO MAEBAYASHI1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 509-513
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new phenolic metabolite (1) named violaceic acid was isolated from a strain of Emericella violacea and shown to be a novel biphenyl ether compound having a carboxyl group and an aldehyde group by using 12C-1H indirect spin coupling data obtained from 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (598K) -
MIKIO YAMAZAKI, YUKIO MAEBAYASHI1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 514-518
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA toxic metabolite, violaceol, which was isolated from the fungus, E. violacea, was found to be a mixture of two isomers. Violaceol-I (3) and -II (4) were isolated as tetraacetates through acetylation and preparative thin layer chromatography. The structures of violaceol-I and -II were determined as shown in Fig. 1 and 2, mainly by the analysis of the 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data, especially the 13C-1H indirect spin coupling constants. Violaceols were lethal to mice and exhibited weak antimicrobial activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (592K) -
CHIKARA KANEKO, TOSHIHIKO NAITO, YU MOMOSE, HARUE FUJII, NAYOMI NAKAYA ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 519-525
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1, 2-Dihydrocyclobuta [c] quinolin-3(4H)-one was synthesized from 4-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one according to our two-step procedure involving photoaddition of the latter to ethylene and subsequent elimination of methanol from the adduct. Chlorination of this compound with phosphoryl chloride afforded 3-chloro-1, 2-dihydrocyclobuta [c] quinoline. This 3-chloro derivative then afforded either the parent base (1, 2-dihydrocyclobuta [c]-quinoline) by reductive dechlorination, or a variety of 3-substituted derivatives by reaction with nucleophiles. In a similar manner, the corresponding 1, 2-dihydrocyclobuta [c] pyridine and its 3-substituted derivatives were synthesized from 1, 2-dihydrocyclobuta [c] pyridin-3(4H)-one obtained from 4-methoxy- or -acetoxy-pyridin-2(1H)-one and ethylene. Suitable reaction conditions for nucleophilic substitution reactions of the 3-chlorofunction were determined for each 1, 2-dihydrocyclobuta [c]-quinoline or -pyridine derivative.View full abstractDownload PDF (962K) -
YINGCHE KUO, TOYOHIKO AOYAMA, TAKAYUKI SHIOIRI1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 526-533
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSulfonyldiazomethanes (1), as stable and safe substitutes for hazardous diazomethane, have been conveniently acylated with acyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine in acetonitrile to give α-acylsulfonyldiazomethanes (α-diazo-β-ketosulfones, 3) in good yields. Investigation of their thermal behavior in the presence of benzyl alcohol has revealed that Wolff rearrangement occurs to give α-sulfonylacetates (4). The overall process may provide a new, safe method for the Arndt-Eistert synthesis of α-sulfonylacetates (4) from carboxylic acid chlorides.View full abstractDownload PDF (944K) -
TAMIO MORIKAWA, MASAKATSU OZEKI, NORIHIDE UMINO, MASATOSHI KAWAMORI, Y ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 534-543
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany kinds of 3, 3-disubstituted-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea derivatives (V) of aldopentoses were synthesized and tested for antitumor activities against leukemia L1210 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The reaction of aldopentoses with primary amines followed by treatment with 2-chloroethyl isocyanate usually gave a mixture of two or three structural isomers of glycosylureas (III'). Complete isomerization into thermodynamically stable glycopyranosylureas (III) was observed when the mixture of the isomers was dissolved in formic acid. Glycopyranosylureas (III) were nitrosated with 4 equivalents of dinitrogen tetroxide followed by treatment with methanol to give the corresponding nitrosoureas (V) in good yields. A large number of nitrosoureas (V) were remarkably active against leukemia L1210 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and showed greater therapeutic ratios than the positive controls, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea. In particular, many of the arabinopyranosyl-nitrosoureas had large therapeutic ratios (more than fifty) against leukemia L1210 and even larger ones (more than a hundred) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. These nitrosoureas (V) appear to be activated nonenzymatically by attack of the hydroxyl group of the sugar moiety on the carbonyl group to give the cyclic carbamate (VII) without generation of the isocyanate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1095K) -
TAKUO CHIBA, HITOSHI TAKAHASHI, TETSUZO KATO, ATOMI YOSHIDA, REIMEI MO ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 544-551
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotoreaction of diketene with 6-methyluracil gives rel-(1R, 6R, 8S)-1-methyl-3, 5-dioxo-2, 4-diazabicyclo [4. 2. 0] octane-8-spiro-2'-(oxetan)-4'-one (10a), rel-(1R, 6R, 8R)-1-methyl-3, 5-dioxo-2, 4-diazabicyclo [4. 2. 0] octane-8-spiro-2'-(oxetan)-4'-one (10b), rel-(1R, 6R, 7S)-1-methyl-3, 5-dioxo-2, 4-diazabicyclo [4. 2. 0] octane-7-spiro-2'-(oxetan)-4'-one (10c), and rel-(1R, 6R, 7R)-1-methyl-3, 5-dioxo-2, 4-diazabicyclo [4. 2. 0] octane-7-spiro-2'-(oxetan)-4'-one (10d). Heating of compounds 10a and 10b at their decomposition points results in decarboxylation to give rel-(1R, 6R)-1-methyl-8-methylene-3, 5-dioxo-2, 4-diazabicyclo [4. 2. 0] octane (11). Similarly, thermolysis of 10c and 10d affords rel-(1R, 6S)-1-methyl-7-methylene-3, 5-dioxo-2, 4-diazabicyclo [4. 2. 0] octane (12). Surtcture assignments of 10b and 10c by X-ray crystallographic analysis are described. The structures were solved by the direct method and refined to R values of 4.81% for 10b and 6.79% for 10c.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K) -
HITOSHI KIMURA, HIROTOSHI SATO, CHIZUKO TSUCHIYA, TAKUO CHIBA, TETSUZO ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 552-558
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReaction of ethyl 4-bromoacetoacetate (1) with phenol in the presence of aluminum chloride gave ethyl 4-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) butyrate (3a), which can be regarded as an intermediate of the Pechmann reaction. Similar reaction of ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate (7) with phenol in the presence of aluminum chloride gave the 4-chloroderivative 8a. Compound 3a was treated with either hydrogen chloride in ethanol or triethylamine followed by treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid to give 4-bromomethylcoumarin (4a) or ethyl 3-benzo [b] furanacetate (6a), respectively. Similarly, reactions of phenol derivatives 2 with 1 gave the corresponding 3-hydroxy-butyrates 3, which were transformed to the coumarins 4 and the 3-benzo [b] furanacetates 6.View full abstractDownload PDF (811K) -
RYUJI TACHIKAWA, KAZUYUKI WACHI, ATSUSUKE TERADA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 559-563
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA novel synthetic method for quinazoline and 4H-3, 1-benzoxazine derivatives is described. Reaction of 4-chloro-2H-1, 3-benzoxazine (1) with 2-aminoacetophenone (2a) gave rise to the quinazoline derivative (4a) in good yield, while treatment of aminobenzophenones (2b-e) with 1 afforded only substituted compounds (3b-e), which could be converted into quinazoline derivatives (4b-e) on heating in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid in toluene. Derivatives of 4H-3, 1-benzoxazines (10a-e) were prepared by the reaction of the aminobenzyl alcohols (7a-e) with 1. A possible mechanism for the formation of these reaction products is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
RYUJI TACHIKAWA, KAZUYUKI WACHI, ATSUSUKE TERADA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 564-568
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new reaction mode for the formation of pyrimidine derivatives by the reaction of 4-chloro-2H-1, 3-benzoxazines (1a-f) with ethyl 3-aminobutyrate is described. Treatment of chlorobenzoxazines (1a-f) with ethyl 3-aminobutyrate (2) gave pyrimidine derivatives (4a-f) possessing an o-hydroxyphenyl substituent. When 4-chloro-2-methyl-2-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2H-1, 3-benzoxazine (1g) was treated with 2, a pyrimidinone derivative (7) was isolated. A possible mechanism for the formation of these reaction products is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
HIROKO YAMAGUCHI, YOSHIHIRO HARIGAYA, MASAYUKI ONDA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 569-580
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe epoxyimine (11a), derived from berberinium chloride, smoothly gives the naphthoquinone epoxide (25a) via several steps. The site-selective reduction of 25a with lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride affords the cis-epoxy ketol (27a) (45%) and trans isomer (28a) (38%) which result from the attack of the reducing agent at the 4-position. Further reductions of 27a and 28a with sodium borohydride provide the cis-dihydroxy epoxide (32a) and trans isomer (29a), respectively, as a sole product in each case. The desired compounds having the 1-hydroxyl groups trans with respect to the oxirane rings are not formed. Treatment of 32a with methylamine results in the formation of the amide (33a), which is transformed to the isoindolinone (34) and phthalide (35) during purification by preparative thin-layer chromatography using silica gel. The epoxyimine (11b), derived from protopine, gives similar results. The correlation between the proton magnetic resonance data and the structures of the compounds obtained is briefly discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1515K) -
YOSHIO OKADA, NORIYA OHTA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 581-585
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCatalytic transfer hydrogenation was examined with several proton donors for removal of the Z group from Z-Met-OBut. cis-Decalin as well as cyclohexene was a good proton donor for transfer hydrogenation. Met-enkephalin was synthesized by the same route as Leu-enkephalin in combination with Z group and tert-butyl ester group for protection, with removal of the Z group by transfer hydrogenation. The biological activity of the synthetic peptides as determined by measuring the inhibition of electrically evoked contraction of the guinea pig ileum was in good agreement with the results reported with the natural materials, indicating that this method may be useful for the synthesis of Metcontaining biologically active peptides.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
SEIJI NAGUMO, MASAHIRO NAGAI, TAKAO INOUE1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 586-592
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA germacranolide, namely pertilide (I), mp 186-187°C (dec.), [α]20D+1.4°, C15H16O4, was isolated from the leaves of Pertya glabrescens SCH. BIP. (Compositae). I yielded the 4, 5-epoxide (IV) on peracid oxidation, and the 1(10), 3-dien-14-oic acid (III) on catalytic hydrogenation. Chemical and spectroscopic studies (especially NMDR experiments on I, III and IV) led to the proposal for I of the structure formulated as I (devoid of its stereochemistry) in Chart 1. The results of X-ray crystallographic analysis of I and its dibromide (VI) established the stereochemistry of I as [1(10)Z, 4E]-(3R, 7R, 8S)-germacra-1(10), 4, 11(13)-triene-12, 8 : 14, 3-diolide.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K) -
MASAICHIRO MASUI, HIROYOSHI FUJISAWA, HIDENOBU OHMORI1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 593-597
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe catalytic efficiencies of several alkylthioureas in N-nitrosodimethylamine formation were compared in aqueous acetate buffer of pH 4.0. The rate law, v0=kT[dimethylamine]0[nitrite]0[alkylthiourea]0, is suggested for the initial rate of the catalytic reaction, where the concentration terms represent initial stoichiometric concentrations of the indicated species. No clear-cut explanation could be given for the variation, within a factor of ten, of the kT value with the structure of the thioureas. However, the overall catalytic efficiency of the thioureas, or the net rate of nitrosamine formation, is shown to depend not only on the kT value but also on the rate of decomposition of the thioureas. Thus, the marked difference in the efficiency of thiourea and tetramethylthiourea, which have similar kT values, is ascribed to the faster decomposition of thiourea as compared with its tetramethyl derivative.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) -
TOZO FUJII, MASASHI OHBA, OSAMU YONEMITSU, YOSHIO BAN1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 598-609
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy comparison of its ultraviolet spectra in H2O at various pH's with those of model compounds, 11, 14, 16, 17, and 18, the Ipecac alkaloid O-methylpsychotrine has been shown to have the genuine 3, 4-dihydroisoquinoline structure (1), not the exocyclic double bond structure (4), in the free base form as well as in the protonated form. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectra of the alkaloid have also confirmed this endocyclic double bond structure in the dihydroisoquinoline moiety. These results indicate that the position of the double bond for simple 1-alkyl-3, 4-dihydroisoquinolines is endocyclic, and factors that stabilize the exocyclic double bond structure are discussed. 1-tert-Butyl-3, 4-dihydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methylisoquinolinium iodide (30) has been found to be unstable in H2O. On heating in H2O at 90°C for 10 min, it underwent ring opening to give 27 in good yield. The acid dissociation constants for 1-methyl-(16) and 1-tert-butyl-3, 4-dihydro-6, 7-dimethoxyisoquinoline (18) in H2O at 20°C were spectrometrically determined to be 9.16±0.02 and 8.80±0.02, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1223K) -
TAKAO SAKAMOTO, KENICHI TANJI, HIROSHI YAMANAKA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 610-614
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of 2-and 4-pyrimidinecarbaldehydes with reagents such as ethoxycarbonyl-(1) and benzoyl-(triphenylphosphino) methanide (2) gave pyrimidines with an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. The reagents (1, 2) reacted with 2- and 4-acetylpyrimidines to give similar products, as expected. 4-(1-Chloroethyl) pyrimidines did not react with triphenylphosphine, though chloro-methylpyrimidines are know to give Wittig reagents.View full abstractDownload PDF (608K) -
RIICHI TAWA, MASAHIRO KITOH, SHINGO HIROSE, KENZO ADACHI1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 615-621
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmobilized xanthine oxidase (XO) was prepared by intermolecular cross-linking to controlled-pore-glass (CPG) using glutaraldehyde, and the enzymic properties (pH optimum, stability change on immobilization and apparent Michaelis constant) were studied. The performances of enzyme reactors packed with the immobilized XO were considered theoretically and investigated experimentally. Using a post-column reactor packed with the immobilized enzyme, simultaneous determinations of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were achieved with detection at 290 nm. The coefficients of variation after 4 runs were 1.7-13.4, 0.3-9.0 and 3.7-31.4% in the determination of 0.405-1.620 μg/ml of hypoxanthine, 0.450-1.799 μg/ml of xanthine and 0.495-1.980 μg/ml of uric acid, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
KOICHI ITAKURA, MASAYOSHI MITANI, ISAMU AOKI, YOSHIRO USUI1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 622-627
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of cefsulodin (CFS), cefotiam (CTM) and cefmenoxime (CMX) in human blood or urine samples was established. The procedure is simple, and includes deproteinization with methanol, separation of the supernatant by centrifugation and/or filtration, and injection onto a reversed phase column. The extent of recovery of added drugs and the reproducibility of the procedure demonstrated that the method could replace the conventional biological assay. The minimum detectable amounts of cephalosporins in serum are 0.05 μg/ml for CMX, 0.1 μg/ml for CTM and 0.2 μg/ml for CFS. In urine samples, cephalosporins can be detected at levels of 2 μg/ml or more. The sensitivity seems to be good enough for clinical application of the method considering the usual dosages of the drugs. Examples of the clinical application of the method are also reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
YOSHIHIRO SATO, YOSHIKO SONODA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 628-634
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metabolism of 27-nor-24, 25-dihydrolanosterol (1) which is an effective inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol was studied using the unlabeled and 24, 25-tritiated compounds. 1 was transformed into the cholesterol analog, 27-norcholesterol, to the extent of 6.5% by incubation with rat liver homogenate under conditions such that lanosterol in the control experiment was converted to cholesterol to the extent of 24.8%. The structures of two other metabolites (9 and 11) were determined. On the other hand, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27-pentanordihydrolanosterol (2), which is also an inhibitor, was not transformed into the corresponding cholesterol analog, suggesting the importance of the side chain structure of lanosterol in cholesterol biosynthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
SHIGEO UKAI, SHOICHI MORISAKI, MASAKO GOTO, TADASHI KIHO, CHIHIRO HARA ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 635-643
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo kinds of acidic polysaccharides, MEA ([α]23D+31°) and MHA ([α]23D+33°), have been isolated from the hot aqueous 70% ethanol and hot water extracts of the fruit bodies of Auricularia auricula-judae QUEL, which grow in China. Both polysaccharides were homogeneous as judged by gel filtration, electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. They were composed of D-glucuronic acid, D-xylose and D-mannose in molar ratios of 1.0 : 0.5 : 2.8 (MEA) and 1.0 : 0.6 : 1.0 (MHA), together with a small amount of D-glucose, and contained O-acetyl groups. The molecular weights were estimated to be 37×104 for MEA and 30×104 for MHA. The results of methylation, Smith degradation and partial acid hydrolysis studies suggested that MEA and MHA were constructed with α-1→3 linked D-mannopyranose residues as a backbone, some of which were substituted at position 2 with terminal β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residues, and at position 2 and position 6 with single residues or short chains of β-D-xylopyranose. Further, MEA and MHA appear to contain small amounts of 1→6 linked D-mannopyranose (glucose) and branching D-mannopyranose residues at positions 4 and 6. MEA and MHA differ significantly in the amounts of O-acetyl groups, 1→4 linked D-xylopyranose residues and the branching D-mannopyranose residues at positions 4 and 6.View full abstractDownload PDF (1177K) -
YOSHIYUKI SEYAMA, EIJI USAMI, SABURO YAMASHITA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 644-651
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn assay method for elastase activity was established using a natural substrate, elastin, because synthetic low molecular weight substrates may not reflect elastase activity accurately. A fluorometric assay method with fluorescamine was used, after a deproteinizing process with trichloroacetic acid. Neutralization of 5% trichloroacetic acid was done with 0.2N NaOH, and the fluorescence of the products formed from elastin by elastase with fluorescamine was determined in dioxane-phosphate buffer after the enzymatic reaction had been carried out in H3BO4-NaOH buffer, pH 8.8, with 10 mg elastin/1.1 ml of assay mixture. As little as 1.56×10-5 mg of elastase can be determined by the present method, and there was a good correlation between the results of a conventional method using succinyl alanylalanylalanyl-p-nitroanilide and the present method.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K) -
MASARU SAITO, HARUO YABU, MASAHIRO YAMAZAKI, KUGAKO MATSUMURA, HIDEO K ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 652-658
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe existence of four crystalline forms (forms I, II and III, and a hydrate) and an amorphous form of tulobuterol hydrochloride was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses (DSC and TG). The hydrate was found to be the monohydrate by elemental analysis and measurement of water content. From the DSC measurement, it was found that forms I and II melted at 163°C and 170°C, and their heats of fusion were 5.15 kcal/mol and 4.76 kcal/mol, respectively. Form III, the amorphous form and the hydrate transformed into form II at 135°C, 90°C and 75°C, respectively. Activation energy for the dehydration of the hydrate determined by Kissinger's method was 56.1 kcal/mol. No crystal changes were observed in the four crystalline forms when they were ground in a mortar or compressed at high pressure ; however, after such mechanical treatments form I transformed into form II on being heated. The investigation of phase transitions of the four crystals showed that form II was the most stable among them.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
TERUO MURAKAMI, NOBORU YATA, HIROMU TAMAUCHI, AKIRA KAMADA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 659-665
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of calcium ions on the promoting efficacies of enamine derivatives for rectal absorption of water-soluble β-lactam antibiotics was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Ethyl acetoacetate enamine derivatives of phenylglycine and ampicillin, which are membrane-permeable and have calcium binding ability, enhanced the rectal absorption of water-soluble β-lactam antibiotics. The promoting efficacy of the enamine derivative for ampicillin was larger than that of water-soluble chelating agents such as EDTA 2Na and trisodium citrate. The blood level-time profile of ampicillin after rectal administration of the enamine derivative of ampicillin was not influenced by the presence of calcium chloride in the suppository. However, the promoting potency of the enamine derivative for rectal absorption of co-existing ampicillin decreased in the presence of calcium chloride in the suppository. The enamine derivative of phenylglycine-Ca2+ complex was proved to be permeable through the rat rectal sac in vitro, although the complex had no promoting potency for the permeation of ampicillin through the rectal sac. The loss of absorption promoting potency upon calcium complex formation by the enamine was also found in in vivo experiments. This finding suggests that the role of enamine derivatives as rectal absorption promoters for water-soluble antibiotics is based upon their calcium binding ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (846K) -
HIROSHI FUJIWARA, SUSUMU KAWASHIMA, SACHIKO OMURA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 666-672
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mixing degree between granules and various kinds of powders was investigated based on the assumption that it could be treated similarly to the pure granule system described in the previous paper. The theoretical mixing degree of the target particles for complete mixing was determined by assuming that it could be calculated from the arbitrary content of each particle and the grain size distribution. Experimental values of mixing degree obtained by using various kinds of powders, such as talc, synthetic aluminium silicate, magnesium oxide and lactose, and granules were in good agreement with the theoretical results. These theoretical mixing degrees may be useful as an indication of the limits of practical mixing of powders and granules.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
KOZO TAKAYAMA, NAOKI NAMBU, TSUNEJI NAGAI1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 673-678
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDissolution profiles of indomethacin (IMC) dispersed in water-soluble polymers were investigated by the rotating disk method, and large differences in dissolution behavior were observed with different kinds of polymers. Therefore, the physico-chemical nature of the polymers might play a predominant role in the dissolution of IMC from these systems. The quantitative relationship of dissolution behavior with several properties of the polymers was investigated by the application of multiple regression analysis. A reasonably good fit, with statistical significance, between experimental and calculated values in the initial dissolution stage was obtained by taking into account factors such as water penetration of the compressed disk surface, hardness and gelation of polymers.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
FATHI SAFFAR, HIROYASU OGATA, AKIRA EJIMA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 679-683
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiopharmaceutical investigations were made to determine the reason for differences in therapeutic responses to two types of carbutamide tablets with the same carbutamide content. A two-way cross-over study in five healthy adult men on the serum concentration of carbutamide, measured by HPLC, showed differences between the tablets in terms of the mean serum concentration at 2 h (31.48 and 42.89 μg/ml, respectively) and Cmax (37.30 and 48.83 μg/ml, respectively). These findings were reflected in differences in therapeutic effects. Marked differences were also found between the tablets in in vitro tests, e.g., in disintegration time, hardness and dissolution rate. The findings were consistent with clinical findings only when a pre-incubation technique was employed in the in vitro dissolution test.View full abstractDownload PDF (668K) -
YOSHIKO HIRAI, JUTARO OKADA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 684-694
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe wall friction of pharmaceutical powders (lactose, sucrose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate) was measured. The sample powders were compressed against a stainless steel wall. Then, keeping the normal pressure (PN) constant, the wall was slid. During the sliding, the displacement of the wall and the normal and tangential pressures were recorded. For lactose and sucrose powders, the coefficients of wall friction (μw) were higher than those for the other powders. The effects of lubricants (magnesium stearate and talc) on μw and on the sliding process were examined. The values of μw for lubricated powders were 0.22 or less, being slightly dependent on PN. The residual layer on the wall surface and the replicas of particles on the surface of the compact at various stages during the sliding process were examined. It was found that the junctions between the particles and the die wall grew in size during the course of sliding, and that the lubricants prevented this growth, resulting in decreases of the friction and adhesion forces.View full abstractDownload PDF (1577K) -
HIDEO TAKENAKA, YOSHIAKI KAWASHIMA, YOSHIHIRO CHIKAMATSU, YUTAKA ANDO1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 695-701
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlkaline phosphatase originating from placenta was microencapsulated with polystyrene by employing a drying-in-liquid method. The reaction rate of the resultant microcapsules was slower than that of the native enzyme. The kinetic data for both native enzyme and microencapsulated enzyme satisfied the Lineweaver-Burk relationship, but the kinetic parameters were different. When the concentration of substrate was much larger than the Michaelis constant, the reaction kinetics of the native enzyme were zero-order, while those of the microencapsulated enzyme were not. The reaction rate of the microcapcules was affected the amount of polystyrene used as a wall material and by the stirring rate of the reaction system. The reaction still continued, though slowly, after the microcapsules were removed from the system. These findings suggested that the internal diffusion of substrate in microcapsules and the capillary flow of enzyme molecules through a few pin holes on the surfaces of microcapsules were the rate-determining steps of the reaction in the case of the microcapsules. It was confirmed that the enzyme was fairly well immobilized, because sixty percent of the initial enzyme activity in the microcapsules remained even after the microcapsules had been used six times. When the native enzyme was stored at 60°C, the activity fell to a quarter of the initial activity after two hours, whereas microcapsules stored under the same conditions retained 50% of the initial activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (963K) -
TAKAYUKI MATSUNAGA, KENICHI MIYAMOTO, RYOZO KOSHIURA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 702-707
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cytotoxic effect of the culture supernatant of Clostridium tetani on mouse leukemia L1210 cells was studied. As the cytotoxicity of the culture supernatant reached almost the maximum at 24 h after the start of cultivation of the organism, the supernatant fluid was fractionated by addition of ammonium sulfate and the fraction that showed the highest specific cytotoxic activity was subjected to gel filtration. The cytotoxic activity was separated in two peaks in parallel with the hemolytic activity ; both acitvities were decreased by preincubation with cholesterol. An independently purified fraction of tetanolysin also exhibited cytotoxic activity. The results showed that one of the cytotoxic substances was tetanolysin, a hemolysin produced by Clostridium tetani. Furthermore, tetanolysin potentiated the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in combined treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (707K) -
MASAYUKI KUZUYA, TAMOTSU USUI, FUMIO MIYAKE, KAORU KAMIYA, TAKACHIYO O ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 708-711
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA solution of dichloroethane containing crystal violet hydrazide (CVH) underwent a rapid photolytic coloration upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. When 5% ethanol-dichloroethane was used as a solvent, the dye formation was more efficient and the 620 nm band for triarylmethane dye continued to increase in intensity as the 270 nm band for CVH decreased. The solvent dependency of the fluorescence spectra clearly showed that raising the ratio of ethanol to dichloroethane accelerated the photoionization of CVH. However, the actual dye formation was not efficient due to substantial reversion to the leuco derivative, 5.View full abstractDownload PDF (570K) -
MITSUHIKO MIYAMURA, KIMIKO NAKANO, TOSHIHIRO NOHARA, TOSHIAKI TOMIMATS ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 712-718
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously, four steroid glycosides (Pa-d) were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla SM. and characterized. In a continuation of our studies on this plant, a further five new steroid glycosides (1, 2, 12, 14 and 16) together with three known compounds (13, 18 and 19 ; the latter two have been obtained synthetically as acetyl derivatives) have been isolated and their structures established as follows. 1 and 2 : (22ξ, 25R)-22-methoxyfurostanol 3, 26-O-bisglycosides (proto-type saponins) corresponding to Pa [diosgein 3-O-α-L-ara·fur-(1→4)-[α-L-rha·pyr-(1→2)]-β-D-glc·pyranoside (3)] and Pb [diosgein 3-O-α-L-rha·pyr-(1→4)-α-L-rha·pyr-(1→4)-[α-L-rha·pyr-(1→2)]-β-D-glc·pyranoside (6)], respectively ; 12 and 13 : pennogenin oligosides having the same sugar moieties as 3 and 6, respectively ; 14 and 18 : pennogenin derivatives carrying 3-O-α-L-ara·fur-(1→4)-β-D-glc·pyranoside and hexaacetyl 3-O-α-L-rha·pyr-(1→2)-β-D-glc·pyranoside, respectively ; 16 and 19 : diosgenin derivatives carrying the same sugar moieties as 14 and 18, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (829K) -
MAKOTO SATO, MASAHIRO ARIMOTO1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 719-722
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe title compound (8) was prepared by two improved methods. Initially, the 4-aminopiperidine derivative (11) was prepared by treatment of 4-aminopyridine (9) with the aralkyl chloride (5), followed by NaBH4 reduction of the resulting 4-aminopyridinium salt (10). Reaction of 11 with 2-chloronitrobenzene gave the intermediate (6). Subsequently, the key intermediate (7) was similarly prepared starting from 4-chloropyridine (12) via the pyridinium salt (14). In this method the target compound (8) was prepared in good yield with the technical advantage that the four steps (13→14→7→8) could be conveniently carried out in a one-pot procedure.View full abstractDownload PDF (523K) -
HITOSHI KIMURA, SHIGEMI MIYAMOTO, HISASHI SHINKAI, TETSUZO KATO1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 723-726
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiethyl 3, 6-dioxooctanedioate (5), which can be prepared readily from ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl γ-bromoacetoacetate, was utilized for a facile preparation of dl-dehydroiridodiol (1). Compound 5 was treated with sodium hydroxide to give ethyl 2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-oxo-1-cyclopenteneacetate (6), which was methylated, and then reduced to give ethyl 2-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-oxocyclopentyl) propionate (8). Compound 8 was transformed to the phosphate (9). On methylation with lithium dimethylcuprate, followed by reduction, the phosphate (9) was converted to dl-dehydroiridodiol (1) via ethyl 2-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenyl) propionate (10).View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
YOSHIMITSU NAGAO, NOZOMU ITO, TATSUHIKO KOHNO, HIROYUKI KURODA, EIICHI ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 727-729
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA considerable antitumor activity of Rabdosia diterpenoids, oridonin (1), enmein (2), enmein-3-acetate (3), nodosin (4), and shikoccin (5), was recognized against P 388 lymphocytic leukemia inoculated into mice. Teucrium diterpenoids, teucvin (6) and teucvidin (7), did not show any activity. A brief discussion on the activity is also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
TAKAHARU MIZUTANI, YOSHIE TERAI, HITOMI KIMURA, YUKO FUJITA1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 730-733
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdministration of bursal extract to chickens made immunologically deficient by treatment with cyclophosphamide did not restore immunological competence. Administration of anti-bursal extract serum did not influence antibody formation (agglutinin titre) to sheep red blood cells. These results do not support the presence of hormones, such as bursopoietin, in the bursa of Fabricius.View full abstractDownload PDF (593K) -
YOSHINOBU NAKAI, SHINICHIRO NAKAJIMA, KEIJI YAMAMOTO, KATSUHIDE TERADA ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 734-738
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe decomposition rates of p-aminosalicylic acid were measured in four samples, recrystallized crystals, ground crystals, physical mixture with microcrystalline cellulose and ground mixture with microcrystalline cellulose. The drug in the ground mixture is markedly unstable at 40°C as compared with the physical mixture and the recrystallized crystals. This instability could be attributed to the molecular-scale drug dispersion in the ground mixture together with the presence of sorbed water in the cellulose. At 80°C the ground crystals decomposed at a constant rate while the decompositiontime curves of the recrystallized crystals exhibited sigmoid characteristics. It is concluded that in the ground crystals, m-aminophenol formed does not act as autocatalytic nuclei.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
HITOSHI SEKIKAWA, NAOMI YAGI, JUN SAKURAGI, KAEDE TANAKA, MIEKO SAKAMO ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 739-743
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCoprecipitates of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared in various weight ratios. The X-ray diffraction spectra indicated that SMZ in the coprecipitates was not crystalline. Comparative studies were made on the in vitro dissolution and the in vivo absorption of the coprecipitate and SMZ alone. The dissolution rate of SMZ from the SMZ-PVP coprecipitates was markedly increased in distilled water and in J. P. IX disintegration media at pH 1.2 and 7.5. In vivo absorption studies of each preparation were carried out in five male subjects by measuring the urinary excretion rate of total SMZ. The excretion rate and the cumulative amount of total SMZ following oral administration of the coprecipitate were greater than those after administration of SMZ alone.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
Masayuki Ishikawa, Hiroshi Azuma, Yukuo Eguchi, Akiko Sugimoto, Shiger ...1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 744-749
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe N-alkyl derivatives (1a-c) of 2-carbamoyloxymethyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-ethoxycarbonyl-5, 7-dimethyl-4 (3H)-quinazolinone exert a potent hypotensive activity in anesthetized rabbits and in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The hypotensive activity of these compounds is attributed to a calcium antagonistic action, inhibition of norepinephrine release, potentiating effect on adenosine response, effects on central nervous system, nicotinic blocking action and to functional beta-blocking action. The hypotensive effect is not mediated through excitation of adrenergic beta-receptors or muscarinic receptors.View full abstractDownload PDF (575K) -
Hideko Kawaki, Tatsuya Takagi, Akihiro Iwata, Yoshio Sasaki1982 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 750-751
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQSAR analysis of dihydrofolate reductase inhibition by Baker triazines - 4, 6-diamino-1, 2-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-(x-substitutedphenyl)-s-triazines - was achieved for 21 congeners by the linear combination of the four kinds of parameters (σs°)2, σs°, σi and σπ· The successful result is expressed by the equation, log (1/C) =-25.29 (±7.58) (σs°)22+7.04 (±2.64) σs°3, 4+3.22 (±1.68) |σi|3, 4+3.68 (±3.22) |σπ|<3, 4>+6.37 r=0.981, SE=0.09, F=103.7 Subscripts 2, 3 and 4 denote the positions of the x substituents. This suggests that a four parameter analysis of this type is the most promising in QSAR analyses.View full abstractDownload PDF (308K)