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KATSUMI IMADA, KAZUO ASANO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1691-1698
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
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2, 5-Dicarbonyl sugars (5-keto-D-fructose and 2, 5-diketo-D-gluconate) prepared by bacterial oxidation, react with hydrazine hydrate to give 4 (1H)-pyridazinone derivatives. Treatment of 5-keto-D-fructose (D-threo-2, 5-hexodiulose) (I) with hydrazine hydrate yields 3, 6-dihydroxymethyl-4 (1H)-pyridazinone (III), which is identical with the reaction product of kojic acid with hydrazine. Treatment of 2, 5-diketo-D-gluconate (D-threo-2, 5-hexodiulosonate (II) with hydrazine hydrate yields a mixture of 3-hydroxymethyl-4 (1H)-pyridazinone-6-carboxylic acid (IV) and 6-hydroxymethyl-4 (1H)-pyridazinone-3-carboxylic acid (V), whose structures can be established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The mechanisms of their formation are also discussed.
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NOBUYOSHI KANENIWA, NOBUTOSHI WATARI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1699-1705
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
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To clarify the influence of particle size on dissolution behavior, relationship between the particle size and dissolution rate was investigated using three powdered sulfonamides, and following results were obtained. 1) At particle size below 300μ, the lines obtained by plotting dissolution rate versus time have positive intercepts and the values of intercepts increase qualitatively with decrease in particle size. At above 300μ, the lines pass closely through the origin. The fact indicates that the critical particle size is at about 300μ in the initial dissolution process. 2) Plot of the dissolution rate constants against rotating speed showed a straight line having an inflexion at 500 rpm (Nf) in spite of various particle sizes. Above Nf, the slopes of these lines do not vary with change in particle size but below Nf, these increase with decrease in particle size.
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KATSUKO UOJI, YOSHITSUGU FUKUNAGA, SHIRO IKEGAMI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1706-1710
Published: August 25, 1974
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p-Nitrobenzoates of tertiary alcohols substituted with methyl and phenyl groups on N-methyl-3-and 4-piperidinol were prepared from the reactions of the corresponding piperidinones with methyllithium and phenyllithium followed by esterification. In methanolysis, the cleavage modes between alkyl-oxygen and oxygen-acyl bonds were determined by proton magnetic resonance studies of products (Chart 3). That all of the tertiary piperidinol esters resulted in the mixed cleavage is specially interesting because tertiary alkyl ester usually undergoes hydrolysis in alkyl-oxygen cleavage. Rates of solvolysis measured in 80% aqueous acetone (Table I) do not represent appreciable difference on the substituents. These evidence strongly supports the intervention of a solvent to the promotion of the oxygen-acyl cleavage.
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MIKIO HORI, TADASHI KATAOKA, HIROSHI SHIMIZU, MICHIHIRO MIYAGAKI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1711-1720
Published: August 25, 1974
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The reactions of 5-substituted dibenzothiophenium salts with aryllithiums have been found to yield ring-opening products (I), ligand-exchange ring-opening products (II) and other products, as shown in Table I. The formation of these compounds supports the assumption of the pseudorotation of pentacoordinated sulfur intermediates in these reactions.
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HIDEYO SHINDO, TOSHIHIKO MAEDA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1721-1731
Published: August 25, 1974
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The metabolism of the D-isomer of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (D-DOPA) in rat kidney was investigated. After incubation of 9.05×10
-3м D-DOPA with rat kidney homogenate, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyruvate (DHPP) was detected as the main metabolite, whereas at a lower concentration of D-DOPA (5.22×10
-4м), dopamine was the dominant product. It was shown in vitro that D-DOPA is changed to L-DOPA through two steps and decarboxylated immediately to dopamine in rat kidney. The first step is an oxidative deamination of D-DOPA to DHPP by D-amino acid oxidase. This step was inhibited by D-alanine and benzoic acid wherein these substances act as a substrate and inhibitor, respectively. L-Alanine had almost no effect. The K
m value of D-DOPA for purified hog kidney D-amino acid oxidase was 24 mм. The second step is conversion of DHPP to L-DOPA by transaminase. This step was accelerated by aspartate, glutamate, tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. The latter two were particularly effective as amino donor. L-DOPA was identified by thin-layer chromatography, paper electrophoresis and reverse isotope dilution method. The transaminase activity was observed both in the 9000 g supernatant and precipitate fractions from rat kidney. The rat kidney slice had greater activity than the liver slice in metabolizing D-DOPA to dopamine. This difference is attributable to the content of D-amino acid oxidase in these organs and may give an explanation of the fact that D-DOPA is metabolized in vivo almost exclusively in the kidney.
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KATSUMI IMADA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1732-1738
Published: August 25, 1974
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2, 5-Diketo-D-gluconate (I) (D-threo-2, 5-hexodiulosonate) reacted with mono substituted hydrazines yielding anhydro 1-substituted 3-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxypyridazinium hydroxides (IIa-g) which were a type of zwitterionic heterocyclic compounds, relatively unknown. Their structures were confirmed by their microanalytical results and spectroscopic evidences. The intermediate in the formation of anhydro 3-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-pyridazinium hydroxide was obtained. The structure (VIIc) (tautomeric 5-phenylhydrazone of 4-deoxy-2, 5-hexodiulosonate-3-ene) could be substantiated by spectral data. The formation of IIa-g might be accounted for in terms of mono phenylhydrazone formation, enediol formation, β-hydroxycarbonyl elimination, decarboxylation and cyclization.
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TOSHIO MIYAZAKI, TOSHIRO YADOMAE, MAMORU SUGIURA, HITOSHI ITO, KIICHIR ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1739-1742
Published: August 25, 1974
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Coriolan, an extracellular polysaccharide of Coriolus versicolor is a glucan, [α]
22D-35.0°, slightly soluble in water and has an antitumor activity. Results of periodate oxidation and methylation studies showed that the glucan has a highly branched structure possessing (1-3)-and (1-6)-linkages.
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HIROSHI TAKAKU, YOSHIFUSA SHIMADA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1743-1747
Published: August 25, 1974
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Influence of metallic compounds in phosphorylation of alcohols, phosphates, and nucleosides by means of 8-quinolyl phosphates was investigated. The mixed diesters of phosphoric acid (III) and pyrophosphates (V) were obtained in good yields when alcohols or phosphates were allowed to react with phenyl 8-quinolyl hydrogen phosphate (I) in the presence of a metallic compound. The effect of various metal components was examined and the copper [II] ion gave the best result. The reaction of tris (8-quinolyl) phosphate (VI) with nucleosides in the copper acetylacetonate resulted in the formation of corresponding nucleotides (VIII) in a high yield.
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MITSUO DEKI, MINORU YOSHIMURA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1748-1753
Published: August 25, 1974
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The total phenol content in peated malt varied in a range of 2 to 15 ppm. The high content of total phenols in heavily peated malt was different from that of nonpeated malt used for beer brewing. Lightly peated malt with lower total phenol content can be distinguished from nonpeated malt simply by the total phenol content. Seventeen volatile components were detected in the phenolic fraction of peated malt. The major components identified were phenol, o-cresol, guaiacol, p-ethylphenol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, and 2-phenylethanol. As minor components, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfuran were also detected. These result indicated that phenol, o-cresol, and guaiacol were generated from peat smoke.
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MITSUO DEKI, MINORU YOSHIMURA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1754-1759
Published: August 25, 1974
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The neutral fraction obtained from the volatile components of peated malt was examined by mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography. Eight kinds of aldehyde, ten kinds of alcohol, seven kinds of fatty acid ester, and twelve kinds of alkane were identified. Isovaleraldehyde, acetaldehyde, and isobutylaldehyde were major components, and their relative peak area was about 60% in all. Formaldehyde, furfural, propylaldehyde, and valeraldehyde were minor components. An abundance of alkanes appeared in the neutral fraction. The major components identified as fatty acid ethyl esters were hexadecenoate, oleate, and linoleate. Contribution of these compounds to the flavor of peated malt is discussed.
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MITSUO DEKI, MINORU YOSHIMURA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1760-1764
Published: August 25, 1974
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Basic and acidic fractions of the distillate of peated malt were analysed by mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography. Six pyrazines, two pyrroles, 14 fatty acids, 2-furoic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid were identified. The major components in basic fraction were 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-methyl-5-acetylpyrazine. The basic components identified in nonpeated malt were qualitatively similar to those of peated malt. Palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids were predominant in acidic fraction obtained from ether extract of peated malt. Benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, phenylacetic acid, and furoic acid were isolated as minor components.
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AKIRA TAKAMIZAWA, ITSUO MAKINO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1765-1771
Published: August 25, 1974
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Reaction of thiamine free base (I) with p-halobenzoyl chloride afforded diacylates (IIb, c) which were hydrolized to give mono-acylates (IIIb, c) under acidic conditions. On the other hand, the reaction of dibenzoate (IIa) and its p-haloanalogues (IIb, c) with triethylamine gave new compounds (IVa, b, c) which are the first examples of thiamine derivatives having a free SH group. The reaction of IVa, b, c with diazomethane afforded S-methyl derivatives (VIa, b, c). The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed as shown in Chart 2.
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TOSHIHIRO NOHARA, KAZUMOTO MIYAHARA, TOSHIO KAWASAKI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1772-1780
Published: August 25, 1974
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From the rhizomes of Trillium kamtschaticum PALL. diosgenin, pennogenin (II''), kryptogenin (III), bethogenin (IV) and a new compound (XI), mp 149-151°, [α]
D-192.7°, were obtained. XI was assigned the structure, 26-chloro-26-deoxykryptogenin, and thought to be an artefact formed during hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid of a glycoside of kryptogenin or a related sapogenin. Of the two formulae II (Marker, et al.) and II' (Heusler, et al.) of pennogenin, II was favored on the basis of NMR spectral and chemical evidences, and pennogenin is represented as 25D-spirost-5-ene-3β, 17α-diol (II'') having the same configurations at C-16, 17, 20, and 22 as usual steroid sapogenins.
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KENICHI INUI, MARIKO HORIGUCHI, TOSHIKIRO KIMURA, SHOZO MURANISHI, HIT ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1781-1787
Published: August 25, 1974
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The effect of propionic, butyric, and caproic acid, and of methyl butyrate on the absorption of various water-soluble drugs from the rat small intestine were investigated using the in situ perfusion technique. In preliminary experiment, butyric acid was absorbed rapidly by an active-like transport system. Fatty acids inhibited the absorption of anionic drugs (sulfisoxazole, salicylic acid, etc.), but enhanced the absorption of neutral drugs (caffeine, sulfanilamide, etc.) and cationic drugs (metoclopramide, quinine, etc.) at pH 6.5. In contrast, methyl butyrate enhanced the absorption of drugs in any case. The enhancement of apparent water absorption was observed in the presence of fatty acids and methyl butyrate, and the pH of perfusate containing fatty acids rose slightly after experiments. Butyric acid enhanced the exsorption rate of sulfisoxazole, but inhibited that of metoclopramide. Possible mechanisms of these effects are discussed.
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MINORU SEKIYA, KUNIO SUZUKI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1788-1794
Published: August 25, 1974
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On heating with the formate, triethylammonium formate, known as the distillable liquid given by 5HCO
2H·2NEt
3, several triphenylmethanes possessing dimethylamino group on their benzene rings have been shown to suffer reductive cleavage at the carbon bond bound to the dimethylaminophenyl carbon to give N, N-dimethylaniline and diphenylmethanes. The reaction is controlled by the structure and the substituent effect. Isotopic experiments using a deuterated formate has revealed that formyl hydrogen of formic acid is transferred to the methylene carbon of the diphenylmethane product. From the assembled data, a possible mechanism is proposed.
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KUNIHIRO NINOMIYA, TAKAYUKI SHIOIRI, SHUNICHI YAMADA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1795-1799
Published: August 25, 1974
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The mechanism of esterification of malonic acid half esters by diphenyl phosphorazidate (DPPA) was investigated by treatment of some possible intermediates, such as mixed carboxylic phosphoric anhydrides and carboxylic acid azides, under similar reaction conditions to esterification, which revealed these are really intermediates of the esterification. Ethyl hydrogen (3, 4-methylenedioxybenzyl) methylmalonate (XI), which has no α-hydrogen to ester group, smoothly underwent the Crutius rearrangement instead of esterification under usual reaction conditions for the modified Curtius reaction by DPPA. This demonstrates that esterification takes place if substrates have an acidic hydrogen at the α-position to electron-withdrawing groups, allowing the formation of ketene intermediates. The overall mechanism is summarized in Chart 3.
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MASAKAZU ARITOMI, TOSHIO KAWASAKI
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1800-1805
Published: August 25, 1974
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Besides luteolin 4'-D-glucoside (I) and luteolin (II), a chalcone glycoside (III), C
22H
24O
10·1 1/2 H
2O, mp 199-200°, [α]
30D-85.2°(methanol), ultraviolet spectrum (UV) λ
EtOHmax 368 nm, was isolated from the flowers of Gnaphalium affine D. DON. III was acid hydrolyzed to give glucose and a flavanone (V), mp 256°, UV λ
EtOHmax 228, 284 nm, which was identified as 4', 7-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone by chemical and spectral data and by direct comparison of the diethyl ether (VIII) with an authentic sample. The sample, 4', 7-diethoxy-5-methoxyflavanone (VIII) was prepared, according to the result of a preliminary experiment (Table I), by stepwise alkylations of naringenin (IX) with an ether solution of diazoethane in absolute methanol for 3 hr and then with diazomethane in 70% methanol for 24 hr. Further examination of the methanolysis products of III permethylate (XV) and the spectral data of XV evidenced that III is 4'-O-β-D-glucopermethylate of 2', 4, 4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone (dehydro-para-asebotin), from which V is yielded on acid treatment. This is the first isolation of III and V from natural sources.
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MASATOMO HAMANA, KAZUHISA FUNAKOSHI, YOSHIYUKI KUCHINO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1806-1813
Published: August 25, 1974
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Treatment of quinoline N-oxide (I) with acrylonitrile and acetic anhydride in hot dioxane or dimethylformamide resulted in the formation of β-(2-quinolyl) acrylonitrile (II) and di-(2-quinolyl) acetonitrile (III) in 34.4 and 3.3% yields, respectively. No definite product was obtained in the absence of acetic anhydride, whereas the reaction in excess acetic anhydride using no solvent caused the increase of the formation of III and conversely the decrease of that of II. In spite of such a markedly important role of acetic anhydride, it was further disclosed that, when a dioxane solution of I and acrylonitrile was heated in the presence of a catalytic amount of hydroquinone, II and β-(2-quinolyl)-lactonitrile (XI) were produced. The acrylonitrile derivative II should be assumed to result from the 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition between the free I and acrylonitrile. The mechanism of formation of III was also discussed. Acrylamide and ethyl acrylate showed similar behaviors to that of acrylonitrile.
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KAZUNORI KASUGA, MASAAKI HIROBE, TOSHIHIKO OKAMOTO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1814-1826
Published: August 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
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N-Aminopyridazinium (IV) and N-aminopyrazinium (VI, VIII) derivatives were synthesized by N-amination of pyridazine (III) or pyrazine (V, VII) derivatives with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid. By the reaction of pyrimidine derivatives (IX, XI) with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid, N-aminopyrimidinium derivatives were not obtained, but pyrimidine N-oxide derivatives (X, XII) or 1-amino-4-methyl-6-oxo-1, 6-dihydropyrimidine (XIV, XVI, XVII) were obtained. Therefore, N-aminopyrimidinium derivatives (XXI, XXII, XXIV, and XXVI) were synthesized by N-amination of IX and XI with O-mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine. Pyrazolo-diazines (XXVII-XXX, XXXV-XXXVIII) were synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of these N-aminodiazinium derivatives with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate or methyl acetylenecarboxylate. Pyrazolo [1, 5-c] pyrimidine derivatives (XXXVII-XXXVIII), which are different in oriention, were obtained by 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of XXI and XXIV with methyl acetylenecarboxylate.
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TSUNEHIRO KITAGAWA, TAKAKO MIURA, YOSUKE SAWADA, KUNIO FUJIWARA, RITSU ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1827-1834
Published: August 25, 1974
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As an extension of the investigations on structure-activity relationships of viomycin (VM), a tuberculostatic antibiotic, chemical modifications of its chromophore group by oxidative reactions were studied. Oxidations with KMnO
4 gave normal oxidation products named oxoviomycin and its derivative while, with bromine, gave abnormal products V, VI and VIII, those of which were characterized by chemical and physical analyses. Antimicrobial potencies of both oxidation products of VM showed the nullified activities, the results of which were agreeable from the predictions that D-form or dehydro derivative of amino acid residue is important factor for their potencies of original antibiotics.
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TETSUJI KAMETANI, FUMIO SATOH, KEIICHIRO FUKUMOTO, HIDEO SUGI, KAZUO K ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1835-1838
Published: August 25, 1974
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Catalytic hydrogenation of the isomeric homoproaporphines (5a and 5b) and the deuterated dienones (6a and 6b) in the presence of platinum catalyst afforded the same mixture of cyclohexanols (7a and 7b). In contrast, reduction of hydrochloride of 5a on palladium-charcoal provided the cyclohexanone (8a) while that of 5b gave a mixture of the cyclohexanone (8b) and the cyclohexenone (9).
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TAKUSHI KURIHARA, KATSUKO NAKAMURA, HIROSHI HIRANO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1839-1845
Published: August 25, 1974
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Reduction of the vinylogous lactam (V or VI), either chemically or catalytically, afforded the epimeric mixture of amino alcohols accompanied the dehydration products, and these stereostructure were assigned as B/C-cis stable form of 1-substituted 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 9a-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-9H-indeno [2, 1-b] pyridines. Oxidation reaction of these amino alcohols were attempted.
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MASAICHIRO MASUI, HIROSHI NAKAHARA, HIDENOBU OHMORI, HIROTERU SAYO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1846-1849
Published: August 25, 1974
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The formation of dimethylnitrosamine was studied kinetically in aqueous acetate and nitrite buffers of pH 4.0, using the initial rate method. The reaction rate was proportional to the dimethylamine concentration and to 1.8 power of the nitrite concentration. It was found that first-and second-order reactions of nitrite occurred concurrently, and that both of them were catalyzed by acetate ion. It is concluded that essentially the same factors govern the formation of dimethylnitrosamine as those found in diazotization.
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MASATOMI HARADA, MASACHIKA IRIE
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1850-1856
Published: August 25, 1974
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Three ribonucleases (RNases) were partially purified from Trichoderma koningii by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatographies on Amberlite IRC-50, Sephadex G-100, phospho-cellulose or diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and Sephadex G-75. Three RNases fractions, fraction I-III, are non-specific in respect of bases. Fraction I and II released nucleotides from ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the order of A>U>G>C and fraction III released nucleotides in the order of G>A>U>C. Molecular weight of three fractions estimated by gel filtration was 24000, 18000 and 6000, respectively. pH optimum of fractions I and II was at pH 4.3 and that of fraction III was at pH 4.8. Cu
2+, Zn
2+ and Hg
2+ inhibited fractions I and II at the concentration of 10
-3M, but fraction II moderately. Mg
2+ had no effect on the enzymatic activity of fraction I and II, but it accelerated fraction III activity considerably.
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MASAHIKO FUJINO, SHIGERU KOBAYASHI, MIKIHIKO OBAYASHI, TSUNEHIKO FUKUD ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1857-1863
Published: August 25, 1974
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N-Hydroxy-5-norbornene-2, 3-dicarboximide (HONB) was found to be an excellent reagent to be used in couple with N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) for the peptide synthesis. Various racemization tests by the use of this reagent were conducted to see the degree of racemization during the peptide synthesis. The newly employed reagent (HONB) decreases racemization, prohibits formation of N-acylurea and affords peptides in excellent yields and a high state of purity. To evaluate this new reagent, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) was prepared by the new active ester method.
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HIDEO NAKAO, MASAMI FUKUSHIMA, HIROAKI YANAGISAWA, SHINICHI SUGAWARA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1864-1871
Published: August 25, 1974
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A series of 5-substituted-5, 8-dihydro-8-oxopyrido [2, 3-b] pyrazine-7-carboxylic acids were synthesized and evaluated as antibacterial agents. The most active compound in vitro against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 5-ethyl-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-5, 8-dihydro-8-oxopyrido [2, 3-b] pyrazine-7-carboxylic acid (XVIe). Structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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HIROKI KAWATANI, HARUAKI YAJIMA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1872-1878
Published: August 25, 1974
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Synthesis of the docosapeptide, H-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-Asn-Gly-Ala-Glu-Asp-Glu-Ser-Ala-Gln-Ala-Phe-Pro-Leu-Glu-Phe-OH, corresponding to bovine type corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP), was described.
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HIROKI KAWATANI, FUSAKO TAMURA, HARUAKI YAJIMA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1879-1888
Published: August 25, 1974
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The docosapeptide, H-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-Asn-Gly-Ala-Glu-Asp-Glu-Ser-Ala-Gln-Ala-Phe-Pro-Leu-Glu-Phe-OH, corresponding to positions 18 to 39 of human ACTH (human type corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide, CLIP) was synthesized by the conventional method and by the fragment condensation procedure on a polymer support.
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HIDEHIKO WATANABE, MINORU KUBOTA, HARUAKI YAJIMA, AKIRA TANAKA, MASUHI ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1889-1894
Published: August 25, 1974
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Synthesis of dogfish MSH P
II, H-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Met-NH
2, was described, in which N
ε-β, β, β-trichloroethyloxycarbonyllysine and β, β, β-trichloroethyloxycarbonylhydrazine, bearing the protecting group removable by Zn, were applied.
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HIROAKI NANBA, HISATORA KURODA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1895-1901
Published: August 25, 1974
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The biosynthesis of the β-glucan and the chitin-like substance, main components of the cell wall of Cochliobolus miyabeanus, were studied. The chemical structures of the synthesized polysaccharides by incubating with mycelial enzyme (soluble enzyme, particulate enzyme, crude enzyme), UDP-
14C-glucose or UDP-
14C-N-acetylglucosamine and glucan or chitodextrin were examined. Judging from these results, possible synthetic pathways were presented. N-acetylglucosaminyl residues were transfered to the non reducing terminals of chitodextrin from UDP-sugar molecules by incubating with the particulate enzyme, forming a straight chain of β-1, 4 linked N-acetylglucosamine polymer. A part of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine was converted to UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine with the soluble enzyme, followed by forming branched unit of N-acetylgalactosamine connected through C-1 by α-glycosidic linkage with the particulate enzyme. In the glucan synthesis glucosyl residued were transfered to the non reducing terminal and the internal glucosyl residues of β-glucan from UDP-glucose molecules by the particulate enzyme, forming the β-1, 3 glucan having branched units connected through C-6 and C-1.
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SHUNICHI TSUKIYAMA, AKIRA TAKAMURA, NOBUKO NAKURA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1902-1909
Published: August 25, 1974
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The object of this paper is experimental discussion on dispersion rate by analogy with the theory of chemical rate processes, the calculation of rate constant k and so on. The apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel (150 mmφ) and Rushton-type impeller (49 mmφ). Water and a mixture of n-C
7H
16 and CCl
4 were used as the continuous phase and the dispersed phase, and still more Tween-20 was used as emulsifying agent. The photographs of droplets were taken by a microscopic method. Then, the particle size distribution was calculated and the following results were obtained. 1) The dispersing rate was formularized to first order of drop number as following equation.
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KATSUMI MIYAZAKI, OSAMU OGINO, TAKAICHI ARITA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1910-1916
Published: August 25, 1974
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Aminobenzylpenicilloic acid, which is transformed from ampicillin readily in alkaline solution, forms an intensive and reproducible fluorescent product in neutral solution containing mercuric chloride under the condition of 40°. The fluorescent product has uncorrected excitation and emission maxima at 340 and 420 nm, respectively, and this compound is readily extracted into ethyl acetate and chloroform from acidic and neutral media and then can be back extracted into alkaline media. An assay product based on these observations permits detection of less than 0.1 μg/ml of ampicillin and/or aminobenzylpenicilloic acid. The fluorescent product is not formed from ampicillin directly, so that the direct separate measurement can be made of aminobenzylpenicilloic acid as well as unchanged ampicillin in aqueous solution, urine and blood.
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YOSHIO MATSUMOTO, ETSU TAKANO
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1917-1918
Published: August 25, 1974
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1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
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1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1923-1927
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MASARU NAKAMURA, KIMIYO ARAKI, KUNIHIDE MIHASHI, YOSUKE OHKURA
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1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
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1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1935-1937
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1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
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HIROYOSHI AWAYA, CHIKATOSHI MASEDA, REIKO NATSUKI, YOSHIRO MATSUDA, GO ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1939-1940
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KENTARO HIRAI, TERUYUKI ISHIBA, KUNIHEI INAZU
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1940-1942
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ITIRO YOSIOKA, TADATO TANI, MIHOKO HIROSE, ISAO KITAGAWA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1943-1945
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MIYOJI HANAOKA, NOBUO OGAWA, YOSHIO ARATA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1945-1946
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TOHRU KIKUCHI, TETSUTARO MIMURA, KENJI HARIMAYA, HIROSHI YANO, TOSHIYU ...
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
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1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
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1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
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SEIJIRO HONMA, TOSHIO NAMBARA
1974 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages
1952-1954
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