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Volume 39, Issue 4
Displaying 1-50 of 61 articles from this issue
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Hajime MATSUDA, Kenzo ITO, Yumiko FUJIWARA, Muneo TANAKA, Akio TAKI, O ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 827-830
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HP-β-CD) is more soluble in water than α, β, or γ cyclodextrin. Although water-insoluble substances are dissolved by surfactants, the surfactants induced a number of problems. Therefore, we have studied a method for dissolving water-insoluble perfumes using 2HP-β-CD, without the need of a surfactant.First, complexes of various perfumes with 2HP-β-CD were prepared, and the solubilized amount of the perfumes was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result, water-insoluble perfumes were dissolved in water by 2HP-β-CD, even through a surfactant was not used.The use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) confirmed that these dissolution phenomena were based on the inclusion mechanism.Next, factors which caused differences in the inclusion among perfumes were discussed. Among the perfumes with a hydroxyde (OH) group and an aromatic eater group and perfumes of low molecular weight (150-160), some perfumes were highly soluble. Obtaining the stability constant (Ke') through Higuchi's formula confirmed that the solubilization of perfumes was dependent on the concentration. It was proven that the solubilized amount of perfumes is in close relation with the addition of 2HP-β-CD, in other words, the apparent stability constant.View full abstractDownload PDF (575K) -
Rosa MENDEZ, Teresa ALEMANY, Javier MARTIN-VILLACORTA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 831-835
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe catalytic effect of various buffer systems on the degradation of imipenem (N-formimidoylthienamycin) in aqueous solution at 35°C and at an ionic strength of 0.5 mol·dm-3 has been studied. Changes in the concentration of intact imipenem in the solutions were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection. The observed degradation rates at various pH's were found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics with regard to imipenem concentrations (2×10-4 mol·dm-3) and were significantly influenced by general acid and general base catalysis. Of the buffer systems employed in the kinetic studies the citrate buffer and borate buffer systems showed the greatest catalytic effects. The pH-rate profile obtained from non-buffer-catalyzed rate constants, kpH, showed a minimum at a pH of 6.40. The calculated theoretical pH-rate profile and the experimental points coincide, thus supporting the hypothesis presented concerning the reactions involved in the degradation of imipenem in solution. The Arrhenius activation energies at pH 4.21, 6.58 and 8.64 were estimated as 12.47, 15.22 and 17.49 kcal/mol. respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Takashi SENDA, Kimio HIGASHIYAMA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 836-842
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew heterocyclic compounds, 6-phenyl-4-oxa-7, 7a-diazaperhydroindans (5 and 6), were synthesized by condensation of chiral 2-hydroxyethylhydrazines prepared from (R)-phenylglycinol with γ-chlorobutyraldehyde. The stereoselective Grignard reaction of 5 and 6 proceeded to give chiral 2-substituted 1-[N-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino] pyrrolidines(7a-d and 8a-d). The structures of these products were determined by comparison with authentic samples, and the reaction mechanism is proposed to involve an intermediate iminium salt.View full abstractDownload PDF (1007K) -
Kenzo HARIMAYA, Ji-Fu GAO, Tamiko OHKURA, Takeshi KAWAMATA, Yoichi IIT ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 843-853
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSesquiterpenoids possessing a 7α-isopropyl group, such as curcumol (1a), curdione (2a), curcumalactone (3), and a new epoxy germacrane, (1R, 10R)-epoxy-(-)-1, 10- dihydrocurdione (5a), were isolated from the essential oil of Curcuma wenyujin. Other related new sesquiterpenes, neocurdione (4) and (1S, 10S), (4S, 5S)-germacrone-1(10), 4-diepoxide (6) were also isolated from this plant. The stereostructures and absolute configurations of these sesquiterpenes were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical data as well as X-ray crylstallographic analyses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1535K) -
Ji-Fu GAO, Ji-Hong XIE, Kenzo HARIMAYA, Takeshi KAWAMATA, Yoichi IITAK ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 854-856
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA novel highly oxygenated sesquiterpenoid named wenjine (1) was isolated from Curcuma wenyujin. The relative structure was established on the basis of spectroscopic data and X-ray analysis. The absolute structure of 1 was determined by photooxygenation of (+)-(1S, 10S), (4S, 5S)-germacrone-1(10), 4-diepoxide (2).View full abstractDownload PDF (547K) -
Yasuyuki KITA, Masayuki KIRIHARA, Yuji FUJII, Ryuichi OKUNAKA, Shuji A ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 857-864
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTreatment of sodium salts generated from tetrahydrohomophthalic anhydrides (6a, b) with 5, 8-dihydro-5, 8-dioxoquinoline (9) gave cycloadducts (7 and 8), regioselectively. These adducts were converted to the D-ring pyridine analogue (21) of 11-deoxydaunomycin. The D-ring pyrazine analogue (27) of 11-deoxydaunomycin was also prepared by a similar method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1194K) -
Kazuko SANO, Shuichi SANADA, Yoshiteru IDA, Junzo SHOJI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 865-870
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive new compounds, kalopanaxsaponin G (2) and kalopanaxins A (6), B (8), C (11) and D (13), were isolated from the bark of Kalopanax pictus together with nine known compounds, kalopanaxsaponins A (1) and B (5), pericarpsaponin PJ3 (3), hederasaponin B (4), syringin (7), protocatechuic acid (9), coniferin (10), liriodendrin (=dl-syringaresinol di-O-glucopyranoside) (12), glucosyringic acid (14) and chlorogenic acid (15). The structures of the new compounds were characterized as hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), ferulyldehyde (=coniferylaldehyde) 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), coniferin 6'-O-(4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-syringate (8), 2-methoxyhydroquinone 4-O-[6-O-(4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-syringyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) and coniferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (=coniferin 2'-O-β-D-apiofuranoside) (13).View full abstractDownload PDF (917K) -
Chisato KANEKO, Sumiko HARA, Hiroatsu MATSUMOTO, Tadao TAKEUCHI, Takeo ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 871-875
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNovel imidazothiazine acyclic nucleoside analogues (9a-d, 12a-d and 3c, d) in which N1 of the purine base is replaced by a sulfur atom were synthesized. 5-Substituted imidazo[4, 5-d][1, 3]thiazine-7(3H)-thiones (7a-d) were prepared from 5(4)-substituted amino-4(5)-ethoxycarbonyl-1(3H)-imidazoles with Lawesson reagent and then 7a-d were alkylated with 2-oxa-1, 4-butanediol diacetate or with 2-acetoxyethoxymethyl halide to give 9a-d and 10a, d in moderate yields. Compounds 9a-d were led to the corresponding 7-one derivatives (12a-d) by KMnO4 oxidation. Deprotection of the acetyl group in 9a-d and 12c, d was achieved by means of the Zemplen procedure.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K) -
Tsutomu HATANO, Shoko SHIDA, Li HAN, Takuo OKUDA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 876-880
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo new complex tannins, camelliatannins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaves of Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae). The structures of these tannins, each consisting of a C-glucosidic ellagitannin and (-)-epicatechin (9), were established by means of chemical degradation, synthesis from casuariin (4) and 9, and rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY). Gemin D (3), 4, pedunculagin (5) and 2, 3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose (6) were also isolated from the leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
Isao AGATA, Tsutomu HATANO, Yoko NAKAYA, Takeshi SUGAYA, Sansei NISHIB ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 881-883
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo new dimeric hydrolyzable tannins named eumaculin A (1) and eusupinin A (2) have been isolated from Euphorbia maculata L. and Euphorbia supina RAFIN., and their structures elucidated. Twelve other polyphenolic compounds including five hydrolyzable tannins and five flavonol glycosides have also been isolated.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
Gen-ichiro NONAKA, Takashi SAKAI, Kunihide MIHASHI, Itsuo NISHIOKA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 884-888
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo novel hydrolyzable tannins, alienanins A (5) and B (13), have been isolated from the leaves of Quercus aliena GLUME (Fagaceae), and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence to be dimeric C-glycosidic ellagitannins in which the hexahydroxydiphenoyl ester group is linked to the C-glycosidic C-1 atom through a carbon to carbon linkage. In addition, the structure elucidation of the monomeric C-glycosidic ellagitannin, epipunicacortein A (1), is also described briefly.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K) -
Tsuneatsu NAGAO, Ryuichiro TANAKA, Hikaru OKABE1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 889-893
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the seeds of Luffa acutangula ROXB. (Cucurbitaceae), two 3, 28-O-bisdesmosidic heptaglycosides of oleanolic acid, named acutosides H and I, were isolated and their structures were elucidated. Acutosides H and I have the same prosapogenin structure, oleanolic acid 3-O-[O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid] and differ in the structures of the ester-linked sugar moieties. Acutoside H is a 28-O-[O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-O-α-L-rhamopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl] ester, and acutoside I is a 28-O-[O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl] ester.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Masaru SATOH, Keiichi MUNAKATA, Hideo TAKEUCHI, Osamu YOSHIDA, Sachiko ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 894-896
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using our new infection stone model of a rat, we evaluated the effect of a novel urease inhibitor, N-(pivaloyl)glycinohydroxamic acid (P-GHA), on the formation of an infection bladder stone. The oral dosing of P-GHA significantly inhibited the elevation of the urinary ammonia level of rats having the urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis.A short term regimen (7d, 730±38 mg/kg) with P-GHA significantly inhibited the development of the infection bladder stone. Furthermore, a long term combination regimen (11 d) of P-GHA and aminobenzylpenicillin markedly inhibited the development of the infection bladder stone, and also caused a very slight renal impairment to the rats tested in contrast with the method of Vermeulen et al.Our infection stone model in rats, therefore, seems to be useful for the evaluation of therapeutic agents in long term examinations.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Masaru SATOH, Keiichi MUNAKATA, Hideo TAKEUCHI, Osamu YOSHIDA, Sachiko ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 897-899
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the effect of a novel potent urease inhibitor, N-(diaminophosphinyl)isopentenoylamide (IPA), on the development of an infection bladder stone using our urolithiasis model in rats. IPA was excreted into urine after oral administration to rats, and the cumulative urinary recovery rate of unchanged IPA reached about 29.6% within 24 h (50 mg/kg). The oral administration of IPA (6.25 mg/kg, b.i.d., 5d) significantly inhibited the development of the infection bladder stone. The present result suggests that IPA is a very promising compound in the prevention of formation and recurrence of an infection stone owing to a high efficacy and a low toxicity of IPA in animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Yuji NOMOTO, Haruki TAKAI, Tetsuji OHNO, Kazuhiro KUBO1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 900-910
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of novel 4, 5-dihydro-5-methyl-6-(2 or 4-substituted 7-quinazolinyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinones was synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs. The 4-substituted aminoquinazolines generally showed potent and long-lasting inotropic activity. Fall in the activity was observed on the introduction of substituent at the 2-position of the quinazoline ring. The 3-substituted 4 (3H)-quinazolinimines generally exhibited weak activity. Ca+2 sensitizing effect of the 4-substituted amino derivatives was also examined in chemically skinned fiber from papillary muscle of guinea pig. The alkylamino derivatives exhibited small sensitizing effect, while the benzylamino derivatives exhibited large effect. Among them, KF15232 (Ix) was found to have the most potent cardiotonic and Ca2+ sensitizing activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1331K) -
Kazuo OGAWA, Yoh-ichi MATSUSHITA, Ichiro YAMAWAKI, Manabu KANEDA, Jiro ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 911-916
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metabolites of (Z)-4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-butenyl]phenyl monophosphate, TAT-59, (1), a potent antitumor agent for hormone-dependent tumors, and derivatives of TAT-59 were synthesized to confirm its proposed structure. The structure and the Z-configuration of the metabolites (2a-8a) were confirmed by comparison with synthesized authentic compounds. All of the metabolities and the derivatives of TAT-59 were tested for a binding affinity toward estrogenic receptors in vitro and antiuterotrophic activity in vivo. Most of the metabolites possessed remarkable binding affinity toward estrogenic receptors as well as fairly good antiuterotrophic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (942K) -
Shigenori OHKAWA, Takashi TERAO, Morio MURAKAMI, Tatsumi MATSUMOTO, Gi ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 917-921
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2, 3, 5-Trimethyl-6-(3-pyridylmethyl)-1, 4-benzoquinone (CV-6504) has inhibitory activities on both thromboxane A2 synthase and 5-lipoxygenase as well as scavenging activity against active oxygen species. The latter two activities are closely related to the quinone moiety, which is reduced to a hydroquinone in the living body. Comparison of these two activities for both the quinone and hydroquinone showed that the hydroquinone form had superior activities. Concerning the reduction mechanism by PB-3c cells we can we that superoxide dismutase (SOD) has no influence on the rate of reduction, but dicumarol almost completely inhibits the reduction at a concentration greater than 1×10-6 M. Therefore, it can be concluded that CV-6504 is reduced mainly by two electron donating enzymes without the intermediary of a semiquinone radical and that the resulting hydroquinone inhibits lipid peroxidation as well as 5-lipoxygenase activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Masakuni KORI, Kazuhide KAMIYA, Etsuo KURIHARA, Hirosada SUGIHARA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 922-926
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe selective 5-HT2-receptor antagonist, methyl (±)-cis-3-hydroxy-4-[3-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 5-benzoxathiepin-4-carboxylate hydrochloride ((±)-CV-5197) was resolved in high optical purity using (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-1, 1'- binaphthyl-2, 2'-diyl hydrogen phosphates ((R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-BNP). The absolute configuration of (+)-CV-5197 was determined to be 3S, 4R by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In the binding assay, it was demonstrated that (+)-CV-5197 was a more active isomer (IC50=23 nM±6.3) for 5-HT2 receptor binding than the (-)-enantiomer (IC50=1600 nM±82). (+)-CV-5197 completely inhibited the 5-HT-induced contraction of the isolated pig coronary artery at a concentration of 3×10-7 M, whereas (-)-CV-5197 showed little antagonistic activity, even at 3×10-4 M. Thus, the agreement between the results of the binding assays and the biological activities for the 3S, 4R enantiomer of CV-5197 suggeste that its physiological activiy is probaly exerted through 5-HT2-receptor antagonism.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
Ryoji KASAI, Katsuki OGAWA, Kazuhiro OHTANI, Jing-Kai DING, Pei-Qiong ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 927-929
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom leaves of nuo-mi-xang-cao, a Chinese acanthaceous herb collected at Xi-shuang-ban-na, Yunnan, two new phenolic glycosides called nuomioside A and isonuomioside A were isolated and determined to be composed of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylalcohol-(3'-O-β-D-apiosyl-4'-O-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside and 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenethylalcohol-3'-O-β-apiosyl-6'-O-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. Together with these compounds, known phenolic glycosides, acteoside, isoacteoside, crassifolioside, apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide and its methyl ester were also identified in the leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
Ayumu KUSANO, Tamotsu NIKAIDO, Takashi KUGE, Taichi OHMOTO, G.Delle MO ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 930-933
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsoliquiritigenin, glabridin, licoarylcoumarin and licoricidin were identified as strong inhibitors of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase in waste materials which were obtained during the industrial extraction of glycyrrhizin from licorice roots. The structure-activity relationships of 12 flavonoids from licorice roots and 34 4-arylcoumarins were studied. In 4-arylcoumarins, 5, 7-dihydroxy derivatives were generally highly inhibitory towards cAMP phosphodiesterase.View full abstractDownload PDF (624K) -
Kazuo KOIKE, Hiroshi FUKUDA, Katsuyoshi MITSUNAGA, Taichi OHMOTO1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 934-936
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree new picrotoxane type terpenoids, picrodendrins B, G and J, were isolated from the bark of Picrodendron baccatum KLUG et URBAN (Simaroubaceae). The structures were determined by spectroscopic evidence.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
Toshio MIYASE, Hitoshi OZAKI, Akira UENO1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 937-938
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycosides, ainsliasides C, D and E, have been isolated from Ainsliaea cordifolia FRANCH. et SAV. (Compositae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Kazuo KOIKE, Kiyoshi ISHII, Katsuyoshi MITSUNAGA, Taichi OHMOTO1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 939-941
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new quassinoid, javanicin N, was isolated from the woods of Picrasma javanica (Simaroubaceae) collected in Indonesia, and two new quassinoids, javanicins P and Q, were also isolated from the leaves of the same plant. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data.View full abstractDownload PDF (519K) -
Hiroaki OHKUMA, Takashi TSUNO, Masataka KONISHI, Takayuki NAITO, Hiros ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 942-944
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe complete structures of breynins A and B, hypocholesterolemic active compounds isolated from Breynia officinalis HEMSL, have been established by spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation. Breynin A is 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl]breynogenin and breynin B is the 17-hydroxy analog.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
Mizuo MIZUNO, Munekazu IINUMA, Mitsuharu OHARA, Toshiyuki TANAKA, Masa ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 945-949
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contents of seven polymethoxylflavones [5, 6, 7, 8, 4'-pentamethoxy- (1), 5, 6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-hexamethoxy- (2), 5, 7, 4'-trimethoxy- (3), 5, 6, 7, 3', 4'-pentamethoxy- (4), 5, 7, 3', 4'-tetramethoxy- (5), 5, 7, 8, 4'-tetramethoxy- (6) and 5, 7, 8, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavones (7)] in the fruit peels of Citrus species (Rutaceae) were determined by use of high performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of their composition, relative ratio and the total contents, seven distinct flavone-patterns (types I-VII) were designated. These flavonone-patterns facilitate the chemotaxonomy of the genus Citrus. The results obtained in the present study support the morphological classification systems presented by Swingle or Tanaka except several taxa.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
Hiroshi SAKAGAMI, Toshinari OH-HARA, Kohfuku KOHDA, Yutaka KAWAZOE1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 950-955
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on our recent finding regarding diverse biological activities of natural lignified materials, synthetic dehydrogenation homo- and copolymers were prepared using 3 p-hydroxylated cinnamic acids and coniferyl alcohol in order to explore the role of lignin skeleton in the activities displayed by natural lignins. The synthetic polymers stimulated polymorphonuclear cell iodination as potently as the natural lignifined materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (814K) -
Susumu KANNO, Yuzi TAKEKOSHI, Shozi KAWASE, Shigeo UKAI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 956-963
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen herbicide preparations paraquat(I) and diquat(II), based on N-alkylbipyridylium derivatives, were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4)-nickel(II) chloride (NiCl2) reduction, the chromatograms showed minor side peaks from slight amounts of by-products appearing in front of the main peaks, arising from the respective perhydrogenated products of I or II.Reductive cleavage of a C-N bond within each pyridine ring of I or II was suggested in view of the production of trifluoroacetic acid derivatives prepared from these by-products.The by-products, whose structures were elucidated by GLC-mass spectrometry, were consequently presumed to be p-(N-methylaminopent-3'-yl)-N-methylpiperidine, arising from I, or 1 butyl-2-aza-perhydroquinolizine, arising from II.Correlation was also observed between the amounts of NaBH4 and NiCl2 and the production of by-products; the less NaBH4 and the more NiCl2 in a given volume of water, the greater the increase in side reaction products.The side peaks could not be observed on the gas-chromatogram when perhydrogenated products prepared separately from I and II were treated by NaBH4-NiCl2 reduction. The side peaks could be observed, however, when incomplete reduction products with one or two double bonds, obtained by reduction of I and II by NaBH4 alone, were reduced by NaBH4-NiCl2 reduction. It could therefore be presumed that this reductive cleavage at a C-N bond occurred, the intermediate state being the complex between nickel and incomplete reduction products with one or two remaining double bonds in the pyridine ring.View full abstractDownload PDF (814K) -
Akira TAKEDA, Etsuko SUZUKI, Katsutoshi KAMEI, Hisao NAKATA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 964-968
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral kinds of loline-type alkaloids, norloline, loline, N-acetylnorloline, N-acetylloline, N-formylnorloline, N-formylloline and N-methylloline were detected in the urine of race-horses. Furthermore, a new compound of the alkaloids, N-senecioylnorloline, was also found and identified. These compounds were mainly identified by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (GC-FT-IR). A certain plant of Gramineae containing four kinds of loline-type alkaloids was found in a bale of hay used for the horse forage. The taxonomic feature of the plant was different from known plants containing loline-type alkaloids. The common fragmentation of loline-type alkaloids under electron ionization was briefly discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
Hideyuki NISHIZAWA, Sakiko OKIMURA, Yukako WATANABE, Yoshihiro ABE1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 969-971
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlycyrrhizin on the market (about 90% in purity) contains two major impurities which are difficult to remove by recrystallization. Purification of a commercial sample was carried out by a dual-flow countercurrent extraction method, liquid particle extraction, which was recently introduced. Starting from 72.6 mg of commercial glycyrrhizin, it was purified to a purity of 99.7% with a recovery of 53.9% (35.3 mg).View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
Shuji OHNO, Shizuo NAKAJIN, Masato SHINODA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 972-975
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNeonatal pig testicular 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20β-HSD) catalyzed the oxidation of 20β-hydroxysteroids, 17α, 20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one and 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one in the presence of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (β-NADP+). The behavior of 20β-HSD activity toward the substrate of 17α, 20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one differed from the catalytic reaction for 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. The enzyme could catalyze not only 20β-hydroxysteroids but also 20α-hydroxy-5-ene steroids, 20α-hydroxypregn-5-en-3β-ol and 17α, 20α-hydroxypregn-5-en-3β-ol with 22.1 and 8.7% of activity relative to 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, respectively. The enzyme preferentially required β-NADP+, and also utilized β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide β-NAD+ and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3'-phosphate (β-3'-NADP+) nonspecifically as the cofactor. The optimum pH was observed at pH 7.5 with the substrate of 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. The activation energies obtained from oxidation-reduction reactions of 20β-HSD for the substrate of 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were estimated at 13.8, 27.0 and 2.0 kcal/mol, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (677K) -
Takao OHYASHIKI, Yoshihisa YABUNAKA, Katsuhiko MATSUI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 976-979
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of vitamin K homologues (K1, K2 and K3) on lipid peroxidation of lecithin liposomes induced by ascorbic acid and ferrous ion were examined. Ubiquinone-10 (IQ-10) was used as a reference in evaluation of the effectiveness of these vitamins. The lipid peroxidation was assessed by measurements of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and conjugated diene formation during the reaction. Among them, vitamins K1 and K2 inhibited the lipid peroxidation, as did UQ-10, with the order of effectiveness : UQ-10>K2>K1. By contrast, vitamin K3 had no inhibitory effect on ascorbic acid/Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation of the liposomes. The inhibitory effect of vitamins K1 and K2 appeared only when these vitamins were incorporated into the liposomes by sonication. Simple mixing of the liposomes with these vitamins or with UQ-10 did not inhibit peroxidation of the liposomes even at high concentrations. From measurements of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and p-nitrosodimethylaniline bleaching of vitamin K1- or K2-incorporated liposomes in the presence of ascorbic acid/Fe2+, it was found that these vitamins prevent the formation of hydroxyl radicals, not superoxide anions, during the peroxidation reaction. However, the degree of ascorbic acid/Fe2+-induced TBARS formation of the liposomes was not inhibited by the addition of mannitol to the reaction mixture. From these results, it is suggested that the inhibitory effect of these vitamins is mainly involved in termination of radical-chain reaction. Experimantal results using several radical scavengers and/or antioxidants supported this interpretation. The treatment of vitamin K2-incorporated liposomes with ascorbic acid/Fe2+ resulted in a decrease of the absorbance at 328 nm of the vitamin, depending on the incubation time. In addition, it was found that there is a linear relationship between the degree of the absorbance change at 328 nm and the amount of TBARS formed at different incubation times of the liposomes with ascorbic acid/Fe2+.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
Mamoru WATANABE, Sachiko TAKEBE, Kyoichi KOBASHI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 980-985
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe found a strong paraoxon-hydrolyzing activity (23.4±8.50 nmol/h/individual and 137±86.2 nmol/h/mg protein) in the crude extract from larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Toyama 89, which is markedly resistant to organophosphorous insecticides. The activity was higher than those from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus re-e-ae (0.175±0.0336 and 1.83±0.651), Anopheles omorii (0.112±0.0301 and 1.86±0.746) and An. stephensi (0.0651±0.0713 and 0.789±0.910), which are susceptible to organophosphorous insecticides. These facts suggest that the high paraoxon-hydrolyzing activity plays a role in the development of organophosphorous resistance in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The enzyme preparation obtained from Toyama 89 showed higher activity in the alkaline pH range and its Km values to paraoxon were 0.67 mM in larvae and 0.50 mM in adults. A calcium ion was strictly required for the hydrolysis of paraoxon. Fenitroxon was also hydrolyzed, in addition to paraoxon. However, in did not degradate parathion and fenitrothion at all. Dichlorvos and phenyl acetate competitively inhibited the enzyme. The phenyl acetate-hydrolyzing activity in the preparation of Toyama 89 was significantly (p<0.01) lower than those in susceptible strains, and was irreversibly inhibited by paraoxon. Therefore, the paraoxon-hydrolyzing activity belongs to the class of organophosphate compound hydrolases; it must be thus distinguished from bacterial phosphotriesterase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1367K) -
Kunio EZAWA, Satoshi TOYOSHIMA, Toshiaki OSAWA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 986-990
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism of immunosuppression by a murin non-specific suppressor T cell clone (SB-1), which was established from concanavalin A (Con A)-activated murine spleen cells[Jpn. J. Exp. Med., 53, 139 (1983)], was investigated. SB-1-induced decrease of antigen non-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) response was restored by the addition of 5×10-6 M indomethacin, an inhibitor cyclooxygenase. On the other hand, suppressive activity for antigen non-specific PFC response was found in the culture supernatant of SB-1 cells in the presence of proteose peptone-elicited macrophages. This induction of the suppressive activity was also inhibited by 5×10-6 M indomethacin. Furthermore, 10-5 M prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) was found to induce suppressive activity in the culture supernatant of SB-1 cells. 10-5 M PGE2 did not suppress interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent proliferation of SB-1 cells, but increased a small quantity of protein synthesis and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis of SB-1 cells in the absence of IL-2. These results suggest that a cyclooxygenase product(s) such as PGE2 from macrophages may induce production of soluble suppressor factors in SB-1 cells.To characterize these suppressor factors, those in the culture supernatant of PGE2-stimulated SB-1 cells were partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and sequential column chromatographies on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulofine and Sephacryl S-200. Suppressor activities were eluted at the positions corresponding to the molecular masses of 10, 30, 70 and over 70 kilodalton (kDa) on Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography. Quite interestingly, the suppressive effects of 10 and 30 kDa factors on non-specific PFC response were reversed by 1 mM N-acetyl-galactosamine but not by equimolar concentration of D-glucose, α-methyl-D-mannoside and L-rhamnose. It seemed that these factors had sugar binding activity like lectins.View full abstractDownload PDF (793K) -
Satoshi ONODERA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 991-993
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was remarkably inhibited by adding indomethacin (5×10-6M) or 10mM LiCl which is known to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. The tumor cytotoxicity of macrophages inhibited with these agents was recovered by adding dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) (10-4 or 10-5 M) and furthermore tumor cell killing activity was augmented as compared with LPS-activated macrophage.Macrophages showed a 5 to 6 times increased intracellular cAMP concentration over the control within 30 min when incubated with LPS. However, the increased intracellular cAMP concentration was decreased by adding LiCl (10 mM).Thus, these findings indicate that there is an important relation between intracellular cAMP concentration and the mechanism of macrophage activation. One can then conclude that at least the initial enhancement of intracellular cAMP was important for tumor cell killing as a signal transmission in macrophage activated by LPS.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
Yoshio INOUYE, Hidemi MATSUMOTO, Ryuji MORISHIGE, Yoshiyasu KITAHARA, ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 994-998
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSynthetic heterocyclic quinones (107 samples) consisting of o- and p-quinoline quinones, o-isoquinoline quinones and p-quinoxaline quinones as well as o- and p-naphthoquinones (3 samples) were tested for their inhibitory activities against avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (AMV-RT) and cytotoxic activities against mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells. In general, o-quinoline quinones (i.e., the 5, 6-quinolinedione derivatives) are more potent inhibitors of AMV-RT than p-quinoline quinones (the 5, 8-quinolinedione derivatives). Furthermore, the growth of L5178/Y cells were significantly refractory to the 8-methoxy-5, 6-quinolinedione derivatives whose suppressive effects on AMV-RT function were fairly comparable to those of the other o-quinoline quinones. The longer the chain length of 7-alkyl substituent in o- or p-quinoline quinones, the lower the biological activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
Yoshiharu KANEO, Tetsuro TANAKA, Sadao IGUCHI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 999-1003
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDesialylated fetuin (asialofetuin) was adopted as a carrier for introducing drugs in parenchymal liver cells. Mitomycin C, as a model guest-compound, was covalently attached to asialofetuin through a spacer of the succinyl group. The asialofetuin-mitomycin C conjugate contained 4.4 w/w% of mitomycin C and liberated it gradually at physiological conditions (t1/2=37h). The survival time of the conjugate in rat blood circulation was significantly smaller than that of the non-desialylated fetuin conjugate; the elimination half-life was 7.3 min after intravenous injection. At 30 min after injection of the conjugate in rats, 40% of the dose was present in the liver. Parenchymal cells in the liver selectively took up the conjugate, which was highly distributed to the lysosomal fraction in the cell. The greater uptake of the conjugate by hepatocytes reflected the increased excretion in the bile; totally 10.4% of the dose was recovered.View full abstractDownload PDF (825K) -
Hideki TSUJI, Sayoko OSAKA, Hiroshi KIWADA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1004-1008
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe consider glycyrrhizin to be a new ligand for liposomes to the liver because it is known that about 80% of glycyrrhizin is excreted into the bile after intravenous administration in rats. In order to modify the liposomal surface with glycyrrhizin, 30-stearyl glycyrrhizin (GLOSt), one of the lipophilic glycyrrhizin derivatives, was synthesized. The structure of this new compound was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and mass spectra (MS). Sonicated liposomes were prepared from hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-GLOSt or dicetyl phosphate (DCP)(4 : 4 : 1) and were labelled with [3H]inulin as an aqueous marker. It was confirmed by measuring the encapsulation efficiencies and the mean diameters that GLOSt-containing sonicated liposomes (GLOSt-SUV) were SUV-type as well as DCP-containing control liposomes (control-SUV). Four hours after intravenous injection into rats at a dose of 90 μmol as total lipid per kg of rat body weight, GLOSt-SUV showed 4-fold more accumulation (42.4%) in the liver than control-SUV. Therefore, glycyrrhizin is considered to be a useful new ligand on liposomes for targeting to the liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (928K) -
Eiji HAYAKAWA, Kunitoshi FURUYA, Hideo UENO, Tokuyuki KURODA, Masuo MO ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1009-1012
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe viscosity of the aqueous solution of doxorubicin increased with the addition of NaCl. Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate had a reducing effect on the viscosity of the solution enhanced by the addition of NaCl.The interaction of doxorubicin with NaCl and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate in an aqueous solution was examined by the methods of absorption spectra and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR).Doxorubicin formed stacked aggregates in concentrated aqueous solutions. The increased ionic strength facilitated the self-association of doxorubicin. The addition of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate prevented the self-association of doxorubicin. It is thought that methyl p-hydroxybenzoate may interfere with the π-π stacking of doxorubicin molecules in competition with doxorubion.On the basis of the results, it is considered that the increase in the viscosity of the aqueous solution of doxorubicin is caused by the self-association of doxorubicin, and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate exerts the viscosity reducing effect by the inhibition of the self-association of doxorubicin.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Satoru WATANO, Keijiro TERASHITA, Kei MIYANAMI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1013-1017
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA granulation experiment was conducted in a complex granulator, which was fluidized bed equipped with an agitator blade. An infrared moisture sensor was used to feed back control the moisture content of the granule particles.Granule properties (mean particle diameter, geometric standard deviation, yield, apparent density and appearance shape) were examined to know the mechanism and the process of moisture feed back control of the complex granulation.To clear up the factors which determine the mean particle diameter of the granules, the influence of the liquid (binder solution) flow rate, inlet temperature and moisture content were examined to get an experimental equation which expressed the mean particle diameter of the granules. The influence of the moisture content and the rotation speed of the agitator blade on the apparent density was also investigated to get an experimental equation. With the basis of both equations, we established a system which can control the granule mean particle diameter and apparent density using a personal computer, and in addition, a self control system from granulation to drying using an infrared moisture sensor.View full abstractDownload PDF (678K) -
Hiroshi KIKUCHI, Anders CARLSSON, Kiyoto YACHI, Sadao HIROTA1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1018-1022
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral kinds of liposomes were sterilized at 121°C for 20 min. They tended to aggregate after heat sterilization (HS) in saline, while no aggregation was observed in an isotonized sugar or polyol solution. The dispersions containing egg phosphatidylcholine (EggPC) with a high peroxide value (POV) turned slightly yellowish after HS. This color change was prevented by using EggPC with a low POV, hydrogenated EggPC (H-EggPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Nitrogen gas bubbling at neutral pH also prevented the color change, but vitamin E did not. The particle size of the EggPC liposomes extruded through a 0.4 μm membrane filter did not change significantly after HS, whereas the H-EggPC or DPPC liposomes extruded through a 0.8 μm membrane filter tended to be reduced in size. On this change the type of medium had a considerable influence. The anionic 6-carboxyfluorescein leaked from the negatively charged liposomes (EggPC/cholesterol (Chol)/egg phosphatidylglycerol) during HS, while no leakage was observed from the positively charged liposomes (EggPC/Chol/stearylamine) not only during HS but also during a long period of storage. It was suggested that sterilization of liposomes by heating was practicable as well as that by filtration, if the liposomes were prepared as follows : the charged liposomes made of lipids with low POV's were dispersed in a sugar or polyol solution adjusted to nearly pH 6.5, where the amount of dissolved oxygen was minimized. An ionic water-soluble drug had to be encapsulated in the oppositely charged liposomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (762K) -
Etsuo YONEMOCHI, Toshio OGUCHI, Keiji YAMAMOTO, Yoshinobu NAKAI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1023-1026
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA multi-layered tablet which consisted of controlled pore glass (CPG) and organic compounds was prepared. Addition reactions between succinic anhydride and p-nitroaniline, which were induced separately in the CPG layers of the multi-layered tablet, have been studied. The reaction product, succinyl-p-nitroanilide, was mainly distributed near the p-nitroaniline layer. This can be explained in terms of a higher diffusion rate of succinic anhydride, resulting in its higher vapor pressure. The diffusion rate constant of succinic anhydride in the CPG120 system was evaluated as 6.00×10-7 cm2/s by fitting the diffusion equation to experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (594K) -
Etsuo YONEMOCHI, Manabu MATSUMURA, Toshio OGUCHI, Keiji YAMAMOTO, Yosh ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1027-1031
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of mixing with a controlled pore glass (CPG) on the stability of aspirin was studied under conditions of various relative humidities (RH), pore diameters of CPG and concentrations of aspirin. The crystallinity changes of aspirin in the mixtures with CPG170 or CPG3000 were also studied using the powder X-ray diffraction method and microscopy. The amorphous aspirin in the CPG mixtures showed an extremely fast decomposition rate, and a high rate was obtained when the pore diameter of the CPGs were less than 300 Å. In the mixtures of small pore diameter CPG, the decomposition rate constants were greater at a lower RH. These results can be explained in terms of the catalytic effect of free silanol groups on the surface of the CPG.View full abstractDownload PDF (1953K) -
Keiko YAMAMURA, Makoto NAKAO, Kohji YANO, Ken-ichi MIYAMOTO, Toshihisa ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1032-1034
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForskolin (FK), a diterpenoid isolated from Coleus Forskohlii, underwent base-catalyzed hydrolysis, producing 7-deacetyl forskolin. The half-life at pH 7.0 and 25°C was 16 d. Because of its poor solubility in water and degradation, the drug was incorporated in lipid emulsions (soybean oil/water=10.9/89.1 v/v, average diameter of the droplets, 204 nm). No degradation of the drug was found in the lipid emulsion up to 30 d. The distribution of FK in the lipid emulsions was investigated based on a three-phase model which assumes that the drug resides in the oil and water phases and at the oil/water interface. From the determination of bulk oil/water and lipid emulsion partition coefficients, the relative percentages of the drug in the oil droplets, in the aqueous phase and at the interface were 43.3, 4.9 and 51.3%, respectively. This distribution profile seems to be consistent with the improved stability of FK in the lipid emulsions where the drug residing in the oil phase and at the interface is well protected from hydrolysis. The FK lipid emulsions should be given more interest in access to preclinical and clinical tests because the drug was well stabilized in the formulation and the excipients used are acceptable to human subjects.View full abstractDownload PDF (601K) -
Yuji HANZAWA, Makoto SUZUKI, Yoshiro KOBAYASHI, Takeo TAGUCHI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1035-1037
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the study of retinal-binding proteins by using fluorine-modified retinals, the all-trans bicyclic trifluororetinal (1), whose C6-C7 bond is fixed in the s-trans form by an ethano bridge, was synthesized. Introduction of a trifluoromethyl group was carried out in 70% yield by photochemical trifluoromethylation of the dienol ether compound (2) with trifluoromethyl iodide. From a comparison of the absorption maximum of 1 with that of the bicyclic retinal (12), it is clear that the electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group induces a notable hypsochromic shift (18 nm) of 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (567K) -
Yoshiro OHMOMO, Masahiko HIRATA, Katsuhiko MURAKAMI, Yasuhiro MAGATA, ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1038-1040
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of fluorine and iodine analogues of clorgyline was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory potency and selectivity toward monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Among them, N-[3(2, 4-dichloro-6-iodophenoxy)propyl]-N-methyl-2-propynylamine (3d), N-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-N-methyl-2-propynylamine (3f) and N-[3-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-N-methyl-2-propynylamine (3g) were found to have high inhibitory potency and selectivity toward MAO-A comparable to those of clorgyline itself. Thus, they were considered for advanced development as radiofluorinated and radioiodinated ligands that may be useful for functional MAO-A studies in the living brain with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computer tomography.View full abstractDownload PDF (559K) -
Hideji ITOKAWA, Yoshitatsu ICHIHARA, Miwako MOCHIZUKI, Tamami ENOMORI, ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1041-1042
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaspine has been isolated as a cytotoxic substance from Sangre de Grado, sap of Croton palanostigma (Euphorbiaceae), by bioassay guided fractionation. The cytotoxicity (IC50) of taspine was found to be 0.39 μg/ml against KB cells and 0.17 μg/ml against V-79 cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Ali Mohammad AHAD, Yoshihisa GOTO, Fumiyuki KIUCHI, Yoshisuke TSUDA, K ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1043-1046
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNematocidal principles obtained from oakmoss absolute were identified as methyl 2, 4-dihydroxy-3, 6-dimethylbenzoate (2), ethyl 3-formyl-2, 4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate (4), and ethyl 5-chloro-3-formyl-2, 4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate (7). In relation to their structures, the nematocidal activity of 2, 4-dihydroxybenzoates of methyl to tetradecyl was tested and the strongest activity was found in the octyl ester (minimal lethal concentration=13 μM).View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Yuichi KIKUCHI, Yukinori MIYAICHI, Yumi YAMAGUCHI, Haruhisa KIZU, Tsuy ...1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1047-1050
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the root of Scutellaria prostrata JACQ. ex BENTH., five compounds (I-V) were isolated, together with three known glycosides of phenylethanoid (IV-VIII) and sixteen known flavonoids (IX-XXIV). On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, I-V were identified as 5, 6, 2', 6'-tetrahydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone, 5, 6, 2'-trihydroxy-7, 8, 6'-trimethoxyflavone, 5, 7, 2'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 1-O-β-D-(4-O-feruloyl)glucopyranoside, respectively. Compound II has already been synthesized.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Yuichi KIKUCHI, Yukinori MIYAICHI, Tsuyoshi TOMIMORI1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1051-1054
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the root of Scutellaria grossa WALL, three new natural flavonoids (I-III) were isolated, together with fifteen known flavonoids (IV, VIII-XXI), two iridoids (V and VI) and trans-cinnamic acid (VII). The structures of I-III were shown to be 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2', 6'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5, 6, 2'-trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone and (2S)-5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2', 6'-tetramethoxyflavonone, respectively, on the basis of the chemical and spectral data. Compound I has a already been synthesized.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
Makoto MIYAHARA, Kumiko SASAKI, Takashi SUZUKI, Yukio SAITO1991 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 1055-1058
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simplified method is described for determining 7 organophosphorus pesticides (mevinphos, phosphamidon, fenamiphos, crufomate, carbophenothion, fenchlorphos, coumaphos) in citrus fruits, banana, soybeans and wheat. Residues were extracted with acetonitrile or acetone, and if necessary, were partitioned with n-hexane. Coextractives were coagulated with a solution containing phosphoric acid and ammonium chloride, and were separated by filtration. The filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was concentrated and injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector and a fused silica capillary column. Recovery data were obtained by fortifying market samples at 0.1 and 0.2 ppm. Recoveries of most organophosphorus pesticides exceeded 80%. The limit of detection ranged from 0.005 to 0.05 ppm, depending on the compound.View full abstractDownload PDF (698K)