(−)-Dihydromyrcenol and (−)-dihydromyrcenyl acetate were mixed in an artificial diet at a concentration of 1 mg/g of diet, and the diet was fed to the last instar larvae of common cutworm (Spodoptera litura). Metabolites were recovered from frass and analyzed spectroscopically. (−)-Dihydromyrcenol was transformed mainly to 1,2-epoxy dihydromyrcenol. (−)-Dihydromyrcenyl acetate was transformed mainly to 1,2-dihydroxydihydromyrcenyl acetate. The 1,2-doubule bonds of (−)-dihydromyrcenol and (−)-dihydromyrcenyl acetate were thus oxidized.

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The synthesis of formyl nitrocalix [4] arene derivatives each possessing two ester groups was carried out. Reaction of formyl nitrocalix [4] arene with ethyl bromoacetate in DMF gave only partial cone conformer, while reaction in acetone provided a mixture of partial cone and 1,3-alternate (38 and 52% yield, respectively). From the 1,3-alternate conformer, it showed be possible to obtain ionophore and precursor useful as new sensing agents.

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The cathodic solution inhibited the oxidations of linoleoyl acylglycerols, trilinolein, 1,3-dilinolein and 1-monolinolein, in an aqueous phase, but the antioxidant effects of the cathodic solution were different for each of these acylglycerols and the oxidation of trilinolein was most effectively inhibited, followed by 1,3-dilinolein and 1-monolinolein. This result suggests that the antioxidant effect of the cathodic solution decreased with the increasing OH base number in the acylglycerol molecule. On the other hand, the cathodic solution had little antioxidant effect on soybean phosphatidylcholine in both micelles and liposomes. Moreover, the cathodic solution promoted the oxidation of linoleic acid and α-tocopherol. The different effect of the cathodic solution on the oxidation of each lipid species was discussed by correlating it with the ionization of these lipids in the cathodic solution.

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Electrochemical behavior of a redox active probe (ferrocene/ferricinium ion redox couple) solubilized in anionic and cationic micelles was examined by cyclic voltammogram (CV) and the properties of solubilizates in these micelles were investigated. CV for ferrocene solubilized in cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) micelles showed a reversible one-electron reversible redox reaction. In CV for ferrocene solubilized in anionic sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles, an oxidation current peak (peak 2) was noted at 0.4V vs. SCE in addition to the reversible redox wave (peak 1) similar to that in the DTAB system. The origin of the oxidation current peak (peak 2) of ferrocene solubilized in SDS micelles is discussed in terms of electrostatic interactions between anionic dodecylsulfate and cationic ferricinium ions.

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Spontaneously hypersensitive rats (SHR) were fed test lipid diets for six weeks, which contained 30%-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) phospholipid (DHA-PL) extracted from fish roe or 30%-DHA fish oil (DHA-TG). The control diet contained corn oil in the presence of test lipids. After feeding, blood pressure in the DHA-TG and DHA-PL diet groups was found significantly lower compared to the control. Serum fatty acid content of dihomo-γ-linoleic acid (DHLnA) and Arachidonic acid (AA) of the DHA-PL diet group was significantly less than the control or DHA-TG diet group. Serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and total cholesterol in the DHA-TG and DHA-PL diet groups were significantly less than in the control. Liver total cholesterol in DHA-PL was twice that in the DHA-TG diet group and control. The mechanism for cholesterol removal from blood by DHA-PL would thus appear to differ from that by DHA-TG. Serum lipid peroxide (LPO) in the DHA-TG and DHA-PL diet group was essentially the same as in the control.

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The pressure effect of alcoholysis of triacylglycerol was studied in the absence of a catalyst. The methanolysis of trilauroylglycerol was accelerated greatly by compression when the solvents that include chlorines in a molecule were used. There was no significant difference in the pressure effect among the three steps of which the methanolysis of trilauroylglycerol composed. The order of the pressure effect of alcohol on the alcoholysis of trilauroylglycerol was methyl alcohol>other primary alcohol>secondary alcohol>tertiary alcohol. On the methanolysis in CH₂Cl₂, trioleoylglycerol was accelerated by pressure more than trilauroylglycerol, and trimilistoylglycerol and tripalmitoylglycerol had a similar pressure effect to trilauroylglycerol, whereas methanolysis of tristearoylglycerol had a peculiar pressure effect.

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Sterols in the seeds of Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen, hatomugi in Japanese) have been investigated. As bulk sterols, campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and sitostanol were detected. It was found that sitostanol accounts for ca. 25 and 20% of the total sterols in the ‘free and bound lipids’ of the seeds, respectively. In addition to these bulk sterols, twelve minor and trace sterols were also detected. The seeds of Job’s tears is the fourth example of cereal grains in which sitostanol occurs as a major sterol, following the seeds of wheat, rye and foxtail millet.

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For nutritional evaluation of phosphatidylcholine, determination was made of the digestibility of crude fat and digestible energy of soy phosphatidylcholine separated from soy phospholipid, no meaning. Total energy of soy phosphatidylcholine was 775 kcal/100g, as found using a bomb calorimeter. The digestibility of crude fat and digestible energy were calculated computed from the data of an animal experiment (index method) using chromium oxide as indicater. The digestibility of crude fat of soy phosphatidylcholine was found to be 97.9% and digestible energy, 749.2 kcal/100g. Soy phosphatidylcholine is thus shown to have nutritional value and to be mell-digestive. Soy phospholipid author’s meaning quite vague contains soy phosphatidylcholine and is useful for fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol synthesis. Thus, any material containing soy phosphatidylcholine should possess physiological and nutritional value.

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