Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan

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One of the most remarkable fact recognized at the Tokachi-Oki earthquake was the collapse of reinforced concrete buildings by the shear failure of their columns, which were designed by ordinary aseismic design and performed by ordinary building technics with normal standards. The important fact is that they were destroyed in spite of the aseismic design and ordinary construction. In this report the author would like to present the data on the deformation characteristics of the reinforced columns, which were gotten in his laboratory, in order to present the materials to analyse the destroyed buildings. One of the most important factor to determin the ductility of reinforced concrete columns is the shear span ratio (a/d). In the range (a/d)>2, the column shows mainly the bending deformation with a relative sway angle of 20/1000 or more and it shows bending fracture, so it is usually very ductile. (See Fig. 1. (d), 2). On the contrary, in the range (a/d)<2, the column shows mainly the shear deformation with a relative sway angle of only 1/1000〜3/1000 and then it shows very brittle fracture even explosive. (See, Fig. 1 (a) (b) (c), Photo. 1). From this fact, one can recognize the reason of the shear fracture (Photo 3) and the bending fracture (Photo 4) in the destroyed buildings at Tokachi-Oki earthquake. To protect against this shear explosion it must be applied sufficient hoops with a hoop reinforcement ratio of 0.8% or more (See, Fig. 4).

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This paper describes the correlation of living life and living spare, The results are as folows. (1) The pattern of family life is determined with the may of dinner, above all with TV or without TV. (2) The TV-type, of which dinner with TV, removes easily from DK to living room. (3) It is important for the order of family life, to settle the dining space in DK. (4) The living space with DK or K is difficult to use. It is better to seperate the living space from DK or K.

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This paper is one of the series of studies on the fluctuation of the number of users at urban institutions and buildings. The maimum number of people who are staying in the institution or building is one of the most important facors for planning of library, shopping center, zoo, play ground, museum, exibition hall, etc. This maximum number is function of the length of stay time (or service time) and total number of users perday. In this report, we describe the length and probability distribution of stay time (or service time) at various institutions and building facilities. The results of investigation are as follows; 1. The length of stay time is subject to wide fluctuations, from few seconds to several hours, according to kind of institutions. 2. There are three types on the probability distribution of stay time. They are expential type, Erlang type, and compound type. 3. We can estimate the length and probability distribution of stay time (or service time) on the accumulation of investigation datas.

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It is well-known that about the building of the Sale and Reception Room of the KAITAKUSHI which was designed by J. Conder and constructed in 1881 a floating foundation of this structure which was built upon the soft ground of the sands in the Sumida River. In this paper materials on the floating foundation of this building are collected and they are some discussed.

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