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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 337 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1984
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 337 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984 Volume 337 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984 Volume 337 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984 Volume 337 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1984
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MICHIO KOIKE, KYOJI TANAKA, TAKASHI TOMIITA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
1-7
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Visco-elastic behavior of an asphalt for use in constructing built-up roof membranes was investigated. Shearing strains are induced in a bonding asphalt in built-up membranes by joint movement in the substrate. Shearing properties of an asphalt was examined by the shearing tests at very slow strain rates under probable temperature conditions. The observed behavior was analysed applying Maxwell model, three elements model, four elements model, and power rule. The properties of elements in the visco-elastic models and the material constants in the power rule were expressed as functions of temperature. Then the shearing stress-strain curves were calculated based on these manners and compared with the observed curves. The power rule seems to be the most convenient method to express visco-elasticity, for the purpose of stress-strain analysis of built-up membranes, because of the simplicity of the equation.
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SHIGEO CHINO, TOYOKAZU SHIRE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
8-14
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This research comprises studies of the effect of temperature variations in the range between 20〜90℃ for setting, hardening and compressive strength of cement concrete. In order to indentify the influence of the temperature, these studies were conducted by applying the hydration processing of cement and investigating the properties of concrete. The results of the studies could be summarized as follows; The compressive strength of concrete are actually dependent on materials teperature, mixing temperatute as well as curing temperature; however, there is a particular dependence on the last one, namely the curing temperature.
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YOSHIO KOSAKA, YASUO TANIGAWA, SHIGEMITSU HATANAKA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
15-26
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, TOSHIAKI FUJIMORI, TADAO NAKAGOMI, YOSHITAKA YABE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
27-38
Published: March 30, 1984
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In this paper, the effects of various factors on the brittle fracture strength of the gas pressure welded joints of the reinforcing steel bars at low temperatures have been investigated by design of experiments. Further the brittle fracture initiation characteristics of the steel bars with surface flaws have been investigated by the tensile tests of surface notched round bars at low temperatures. The results are summarized as follows; (1) The surface flaws on the steel bars caused in process of the gas pressure welding have a bad effect on the strength of the joints at low temperatures. (2) A wedge type bar clamp used in welding does not almost cause the surface flaws on the bars, then has a good effect on the strength of the joints. (3) The round bars notched by press work don't bring about the low stress brittle fractures at the region from room temperature to about-190℃. (4) Severity of the surface notch of the round bars is more than that of the surface flaws on the bars caused by the bar clamps in gas pressure welding. (5) It is guessed the reinforcing steel bars with the surface flaws caused by the clamps don't bring about the low stress brittle fractures at low temperatures. (6) There is strong correlation between the critical temperatures that the requirement of elongation is garranteed for the surface notched round bars and the crystality transition temperatures of charpy impact tests. Finally the evaluation method of material for the steel bars considering deformation at low temperatures is proposed in this report.
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SADAYOSHI IGARASHI, KAZUO INOUE, SEONG-EUN KIM, MOTOHIDE TADA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
39-52
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper examined for the dynamic elastic-plastic response of framed structures composed of composite beams under the earthquake loading. The elastic-plastic incremental stiffness matrix of composite beams is derived based on the Newmark's differential equation and on the generalized hinge method. When the composite beams framed structure are subjected to the earthquake loading, both positive and negative bending moment act on beams, so that composite beams behave as varying cross section members. The elastic stiffness of composite beam is affected by the distance from end support to the point of zero bending moment and the shear connector stiffness, and so on. In this paper, the influence of these factors on stiffness are investigated, and the method of evaluating the elastic stiffness of composite beams are presented. Further, the plastic incremental stiffness is derived according to the concept of generalized plastic method. The member end moment vs. end rotation relationship of composite beam analized by this stiffness matrix is in Figure (3-7). Next, using the elastic-plastic stiffness matrix, the composite effects on the dynamic elastic-plastic response of multi-story multi-bay building frames are examined against earthquake excitation. The frames used in the analysis are designed according to the plastic design method. The results may be summarized as follows : 1. If shear connector stiffness per unit length is more than about 0.5 percent of Young's modulus of steel, the influence of slip between interacting elements on the elastic stiffness of composite beams can be ignored. 2. By using elastic-plastic incremental stiffness matrix, a reversed S-shaped type of hysteresis loops of composite beams can be shown (See Figure (3-7)). 3. The displacement response of frames composed of composite beams shows a tendency to become greater than that of steel frames, however this tendency is not so remarkable. 4. The collapse mechanism of the frames, which composite effect is not taken into account in design process, reduce to column yield type sway mechanism. And the displacement response of this type of frame tend to concentrate in the lower stories.
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HIDETAKA TANIGUCHI, KOUICHI TAKANASHI, HISASHI TANAKA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
53-64
Published: March 30, 1984
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YUKIO TAMURA, AKIHIKO AMANO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
65-72
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A mathematical model for vortex-induced oscillation of a continuous system with circular cross section is derived. It is assumed that the two dimensional flow is maintained at each point along the axis of a circular cylinder so that the Tamura model for vortex-induced oscillation in the two dimensional flow is applicable at each point. Then, the steady state periodic solutions are obtained. Further, the numerical solutions are calculated for various cylinders having particular mode shape which are immersed in the flows with the mean velocity varied along the axis.
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SHIGEKI KATSURA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
73-80
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Vibration characteristics and its growth mechanism of wind-excited ovalling vibration of thin circular cylindrical shell which has dimensions like silos were made clear by carrying out various kinds of wind tunnel tests. Followings are the main things measured by the tests. (1) Wind pressure characteristics acting on the circular cylindrical shell. (2) Static and dynamic response of wall of circular cylindrical shell. (3) Effects of additional air force caused by the vibration of wall. Wind tunnel tests were carried out using Eiffel type wind tunnel of Dept. of Architecture, Tohoku University, which has a working section of 6.5m in length and 1.0m by 1.4m in cross section. The approaching flow was uniform and its turbulence intensity was about 0.8%. In addition to this flow, we made four kinds of turbulent flows by using grids. Their turbulence intensity was 1.8, 4.8, 6.2 and 8.8%, respectively. Test models were made of polyester film with aluminum rings at both ends, and its diameter was 200mm, height was 400 and 600mm. As the results, the followings conclusions were obtained. (1) Circumferential distribution of static wind pressure coefficient depends not only on Renolds Number but also on the turbulence intensity of the approaching flow. (2) Vibration frequency and vibration mode of ovalling vibration is equal to the natural frequency and vibration mode of the circular cylindrical shell. (3) Vibration is caused by fluctuating wind pressure. But when turbulence intensity of the approaching flow is small, vibration amplitude grows suddenly at a certain wind velocity because of aerodynamic negative damping effect. There was no relation between vortex shedding and vibratiion frequency.
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DAISUKE KATO, HIDEO KATSUMATA, HIROYUKI AOYAMA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
81-89
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Evaluation of earthquake-resisting capacity of existing reinforced concrete buildings revealed that a considerable number of existing building needed strengthening of certain extent, and the review of structural design for such strengthening showed that the most favored strengthening method was to increase stiffness and strength by adding cast-in-place shear wall panels to frames. Currently used design recommendation for postcast shear wall was develeloped on the basis of the available test data utilizing single story and single span wall specimens. But confining effects of the adjacent frame of such specimens are smaller than those of the actual buildings and the ultimate strength of the specimens may be dictated by the flexural yielding. For the reevaluation of current design recommendations, nine wal specimens of about one third scale were tested. Wall panels were cast monolithically with frames in three specimens, and wall panels added to existing open frames in the other six specimes. The main variables were the strength and stiffness of columns on both sides of walls and construction method. Major findings from tests include the following : (1) Increased confining effect around the wall increased the shear strength of both monolithic and postcast walls. (2) Shear strength of postcast walls was lower than that corresponding to monolithic walls, but deformation capacity of postcast walls was superior. (3) The improvement of construction method could reduce the slippage along the construction joints of postcast wall specimens, resulting in the deformation characteristics similar to those of monolithic wall specimens.
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TAKAYUKI SHIMAZU, HIDEO ARAKI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
90-98
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper presents the shaking table tests performed on scaled structures of end-core type, coupled-wall type, and pierced wall type, following the tests on center-core type structures presented in Part 1. The aim of this study is to obtain fundamental information on the dynamic behaviour of structures with the periods different from center-core type frames due to the wall arrangement in 3 bays frame structures. The relations among the arrangements of walls, fundamental periods, shear force-displacement hysteretic loops, and both the lateral load and displacement distribution shapes are discussed.
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MASAMI KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
99-105
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to odtain more reliable models for the estimation of the number of fire outbreaks following earthquakes, former estimation models have been reconsidered and the fire outbreaks in the 1923 Kanto earthquake have been analysed in detail. Kawasumi's model, the first trial for the estimation of fire outbreaks in earthquakes formulated by the linear regression of the logarithm of fire outbreak ratio on the logarithm of building collapse ratio using the data of the Kanto earthquake, has been found to be effective when the fire outbreak ratio is given excluding chemical fires. Mizuno's model, the same type of linear regression as the Kawasumi's and estimated by the thirteen earthquakes'data, has been shown to cause overesitmation on fire outbreak ratio because of the biased selection of data used for the regression. Analysing the data of fifteen wards of Tokyo city in the Kanto earthquake, a new model for the estimation of fire outbreaks has been obtained with higher correlation coefficient, which is the linear regression of fire outbreak ratio without chemical fires on the logarithm of building collapse ratio. In the Kanto earthquake, major uses of buildings of fire orign were restaurants, retail shops and manufacturing industries of dishes and processed food for general fires and schools, universities and drugstores for chemical fires. The number of fires of each kind has been increased when the number of facilities mentioned above has been increased. The ratio of fire extinguishment by citizen has been decreased when the ratio of buildings collapsed has been increased.
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MASANORI TSUJI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
106-113
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is the third paper of a continual study titled above. In the second paper, I proposed Indoor Population Aggregating Method which is based on floor space data of each building type as an estimation method of de facto population in small districts. In this paper, another method which is based on employee's data of establishment census is newly proposed. An outline of this method is as follows. First of all, maximum indoor population of each building use type must be estimated. Indoor population is divided into two categories, user's population and worker's population. Worker's maximum indoor population of each building type is given by employee's data according to industrial classification, while user's maximum indoor population of each building type is calculated by multiplying its worker's maximum indoor population by user/worker ratio which is number of users per worker of the building type. The following process of this method is the same as Indoor Population Aggregating Method based on floor space data. Finally, de facto population of all districts in the central area of Osaka are estimated by this method.
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TOSHINOBU FUJII
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
114-123
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Spatial expansion of congnitive territory, each dweller is occupying during his urban daily life, has been composed in relation both with his life-activities and physical environment. It is different in each other, and will be changed when he come in another circumstance, and get to understand the sturucture of it. On the other hand, it, I think, well refects an order of human-scale in a field where he live in a every time. Summing up these of dwellers living in the same district, through a measuring method, I get a cognitive sphere-map which is tend to expand area over it's own district, and overlapping each other in the urban area. Urban spatial composition, of which effective on planning, can be clalified with these cognitive sphere-maps. I aim to demonstrate these theories mainly on analysis of questionnaires, distributed among dwellers in the D.I.D (Density Inhabited District) of the three medium-scaled cities-Yonezawa (Yamagata pref), Kamaishi (Iwate pref) and Hoya (Tokyo), which are different in physical structures, histories, citizen's behaiviors and productive-affairs.
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WATARU SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
124-131
Published: March 30, 1984
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On this paper, Part 6, we have investigated Daigoku-den, Chodo and Zen-den in Nagaoka-kyu and Heiankyu. Main contents of this paper are as follows : 1) Both Daigoku-den of Nagaoka-kyu and Heian-kyu are supposed respectively to have been the halls of state at Gaicho, or Chodoin, located in the central precinct of the Palace grounds separated from the imperial residential area, Kinsho. 2) Both the supreme halls of Nagaoka and Heian Dairi are described as Zen-den in the texts prepared in the early Heian period. It makes a striking contrast to the fact that the supreme hall of Heijo Dairi is described as Naian-den in the Shoku-nihongi. Judging from the functions of the supreme halls of Nagaoka and Heian Dairi in Kinsho, it is presumed that these supreme halls had a close resemblance in character to Daian-den of Heijo-kyu, the state chamber of Kinsho, in the reign of the Emperor Shomu.
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MARIKO OKAMOTO, AKIRA NAITO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
132-142
Published: March 30, 1984
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The design of "Tatami" flooring has played a very important role in the interior decoration. Many of these designs are introwdused in the architectural manuals known as "Tatami-shikiyo-hinagata" described in the Muromachi, Azuchi-momoyama, and Edo period (16-19 century). In this paper the authors analysed architectural manuals and classified into five types.
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YOSHIHISA SAWANOBORI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
143-149
Published: March 30, 1984
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This report is one of the study on the space of Tantric Buddhism. And this report deals with the relation between the space of secret-ceremony of Tantric Buddhism and the space of temples in ancient Japan. On the space of secret-ceremony of Tantric Buddhism it is written in our magazine No 324 and No 329, and this report deals with the subject as above mentioned. There are two contents in this report, one is to make clear the extent of the space to make preparation for the equipment of necessary tools of the secret-ceremony. And the other is to see actual aspects of the space of temples in which the equipment of the secret-ceremony are set. In this report the former contents are mainly discrived. And about the other, only two cases such as the temple of Godai-Do and the temple of Kutai-Amida-Do, are picked up. And some other cases of latter contents and some conclusions will be dealt with in the next report.
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KAKUGYO S. CHIKU
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
150-156
Published: March 30, 1984
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The peripteral temple which has central single row of column in the naos was especially consecrated to the horrible chthonic deities. The pteron sealed destructive power of these chaoic gods in the naos. The central row of column was originally the metaphor of calmed Chaos, therefore these temples ought to have took this type of naos. On the other hand, the pteron and the naos obtained metaphorical meanings which were the earth and the underground through the Greek mythological thinking on agriculture. That is, the temple is the metaphor of the earth which enclosed the horrible demonic beings in the underground, thus, the ground gave them the order by means of the sealing. Eventually, this metaphor of the temple is accurately coincide with the mythological spatial thinking of the Gaia and the Tartaros in Hesiod's "Theogonia".
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TATSUKI SATO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 337 Pages
157-167
Published: March 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The sexpartite vault is important as the nave vaulting of the early Gothic. As well as Viollet-le-Duc, Choisy, Lasteyrie, R. -Robert, Simpson, Jackson, Aubert, Salet and others tried to explain the genesis of the sexpartite vault mainly with structural logics. But the theories like this cannot satisfactorily explain the correspondence of the sexpartite vault to the obscure alternation of the piers of Normandy. I suppose that the sexpartite vault was devised in order to correspond to the intermediate shaft installed to the profoundry articulated surface of the Norman wall. In addition, Viollet-le-Duc, Choisy, Lasteyrie, Aubert, Enlart and others tried to establish the schema of the evolution that the sexpartite vault had been produced from the dome or square fourpartite vault, and then from the former the rectangular fourpartite vault had been derived. And they tried to explain this transition of the vault with structural and constructional logics. However, I make it clear that the schema as such never coincide with historical facts, and that the transition of the vault is irregular in Ile de France.
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 337 Pages
App1-
Published: March 30, 1984
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