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Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 327 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1983
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Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 327 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 327 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 327 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1983
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KOICHI KISHITANI, TAKAYUKI HIRAI, KIYOSHI MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
1-11
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A boundary element method program for two dimensional elastic analysis is presented. The method is based on the principle of super-position and belongs to the category of former methods such element-method. Some analytical formulas, which have reported in the previous paper in this transaction, are adopted to compose the program proffering more polished method than former ones. Problems are to be simulated by some models with straight segment. Boundary conditions are given by mean values on each boundary element of straight segment. Economical solutions with reasonable accuracy are calculated on simulation models having a sufficient number of boundary elements. The program is useful to solve arbitrary shaped two dimensional ela-sticity problems, which are composed of several portions of different materials.
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TATSUO OKAJIMA, YUJI TAKADA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
12-19
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper explains the practical method of scaling the dryness of building materials, describes the test results of various types of materials and discusses the relations of tactile dryness of materials to the roughness and warmness. The tactile dryness of materials can be obtained by the equation below : D=0.4+0.6W where D : Tactile dryness value R : Tactile roughness value W : Tactile warmth value
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MASANORI IZUMI, HIROSHI KATSUKURA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
20-28
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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As it is well known, earthquake motions are nonstationary phenomena whose characteristics vary with the lapse of time, and this nonstationarity has significant influence on the response of structures, especially on their nonstationary behavior. The authors have noticed the close relation between the nonstationarity and phase-characteristics of earthquake motions. The accumulated studies are arranged and summarized in this paper, where two complex valued functions, f^^-(t)=|f^^-(t)|e^<iψ(t)> (complex enveloper) and F^^-(ω)=|F^^-(ω)|e^<-iψ(ω)> (the Fourier transform of f(t)), are used to describe the phase characteistics in earthquake accelerograms, and two corresponding functions, 2πf_<gr>(t)=dψ(t)/dt and t_<gr>(ω)=dφ(ω)/dω, are introduced to extract the phase information. As the results of both theoretical and numerical studies, the following conclusions are obtained : (1) Wasted phase in formation φ(ω) in Fourier analysis of earthquake motions can be well utilized when it is expressed in the differential form t_<gr>(ω). (2) f^^-(t), |f^^-(t)| and f_<gr>(t) in time domain are directly connected to F^^-(ω), |F^^-(ω)| and t_<gr>(ω) in frequency domain. For instance, contributions of |F^^-(ω)|^2 and t_<gr>(ω) on |f^^-(t)|^2 are very similar to those of |f^^-(t)|^2 and f_<gr>(t) on |F^^-(ω)|^2. Existence of |f^^-(t)|^2 and f_<gr>(t), which correspond to |F^^-(ω)|^2 and t_<gr>(ω), can not be found if only f(t) and F(ω) are analyzed. (3) The meanings of the phase functions t_<gr>(ω) and f_<gr(t)> have become clear when the moments of |f^^-(t)|^2 and |F^^-(ω)|^2 are considered as; [numerical formula] Accordingly, the mean value of t_<gr>(ω) weighted by |F^^-(ω)^2| indicates the center of gravity of |f^^-(t)|^2, and the mean value of f_<gr>(t) weighted by |f(t)|^2 indicates the center of gravity of |F^^-(ω)|^2. Moreover, the variance of t_<gr>(ω) weighted by |F^^-(ω)|^2 is related to the width of |f^^-(t)|^2, and the variance of f_<gr>(t) weighted by |F^^-(ω)|^2 is related to the width of |f^^-(t)|^2, and the variance of f_<gr>(t) weighted by |f^^-(t)|^2 is related to the width of |F^^-(ω)|^2. (4) If we divide each domain into several parts and consider the nature of the f_<gr>(t) and t_<gr>(ω) fluctuations for each part, we can obtain information on the spectral changes with time and nonstationary characteristies of waves in each frequency part. Thus, the nonstationarities in earthquake acceleration records can easily be examined with their phase inclinations t_<gr>(ω) and f_<gr>(t). Therefore, it is possible to say that t_<gr>(ω) and f_<gr>(t) are good mathematical tools to describe the nonstationarity of seismic accelerograms.
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NOBUYUKI SHIMIZU, SHIZUO YAMAMOTO, EIJI KAWATA, YUICHI NAGAI, MAKOTO Y ...
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
29-39
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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For the purpose of reducing seimic responses of structures, an earthquake isolation equipment using mechanism of lever and pendulum installed to the structures have been developed. Theoretical analysis shows that the earthquake isolation equipment has the same dynamic properties as a dynamic absober usually used for isolating mechanical vibration. The natural frequency of structure is divided to two frequencies by installing an appropriate designed earthquake isolation equiment. As spectra of earthquake ground motions are generally wide band, performance of earthquake isolation equipment depends on the damping properties used in the structure and equiment. Therefore, the authors have studied the damping effect on the seismic responses under the consideration of the experimental results of damping properties. From this, it is found that the proper amount of damping reduces seismic responses of the structure. By the statistcal analysis of time integration computations of responses of the structure with earthquake isolation equipment to 11 earthquake ground motions, it is found that optimally designed earthquake isolation equiment with optimal amount of damping can reduce base shear transmitting to a foundation (Q_B) to 0.6〜0.7 of base shear without equiment (Q_0), i.e. Q_<Bmax>/Q_<0max>=0.6〜0.7. Horizontal force Q_<1max> can also be reduced to 0.6〜0.7 of Q_<0max>, i.e. Q_<1max>/Q_<0max>=0.6〜0.7. From the above theoretical analyses, it is found that the earthquake isolation equipment using mechanism of lever and pendulum is useful for reducing seismic responses of structures.
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SHIRO KATO, MASARU MURATA, YOSHINAO CHIBA, OSAMU MATSUOKA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
40-49
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Buckling of cooling towers subjected to axisymmetric loads are discussed based on the results from the finite element method. The analysed towers are similar to the model used in the research by Dr.I. Mungan and the results are discussed in the relation with IASS Recommendation. Firstly the scheme of the present nonlinear buckling analysis is explained based on the finite element method for rotational shells. The analysis is proceeded to know the post-buckling pathes where one axi-symmetric and one asymmetric deformation are used. The post-buckling pathes in the present case show the stable bifurcation irresprctive of the axial and lateral compression loads. Secondly the results are compared with those by Dr.I. Mungan and the IASS formula for buckling. The boundary condition is found to be influential on the buckling stresses, especially in the case of shells due to a large lateral compression. This tendency was not found in the experiments by Dr.I. Mungan. Thirdly the influence of the height from the throat to the top of the shell is investigated. Dr.I. Mungan stated that this factor would not affect the magnitude of the buckling stresses and any caution is not stressed in the IASS recommendation. However the present analysis shows this factor plays an important role in the mechanism in the buckling.
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MINORU FUKUI, YOSHIHISA GYOTEN, KOJI MIZUHATA, TADAHIRO FUKUSUMI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
50-60
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In a man-made island having total area of 436 ha was constructed a 12-storeyed steel-frame building with basement. Prior to construction of the building, the subsoils were improved by preloading. Settlement of the building during and after construction was measured. In the present paper, to ascertain charcteristics of settlement of the building and the ground, measurement results thus obtained are compared with those of settlement of the ground itself and settlement of another buiding constructed in the same site. 10 of the foundation piles were provided with a strain gage to measure long-term axial force of a pile. In the last part of the paper, change in loads acting on the piles is studied in connection with the measured groud settlement.
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TOSHIKATSU ICHINOSE
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
61-71
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to withstand the greatest likely earthquake, building frames without shear walls should have adequate ductility, which is defined as energy dissipating capacity and bearing capacity to lateral load after reversals. It has been pointed out by many experimental studies that bond failure either in member or in beam-column joint degrades much of ductility of structural frame. The objective of this study is to propose a relatively simple methcod of frame analysis considering bond-slip characteristics. This method is essentially one dimensional. Uniaxial constitutive models of steel, concrete, and bond are utilized. Steel and bond were assumed to be linerly elastic in this paper. Equilibrium between bond stress and steel stress is satisfied all along the main bars, passing through the members and joints. Equilibrium between inner forces of a member (moments and axial forces) and the axial stress in a section is satisfied only at both ends of the member. Degrees of freedom of a member are limited as eight, which are (1) rotation and axial deformation at both ends of the member (4DOF), and (2) pull-out (or push-in) of top and bottom bars from adjoining joints (4DOF). The concrete in a beam-column joint is assumed as rigid (shear deformation is ignored), and only the axial strain and slip of main bars are assumed to occur in the joint. The anti-symmetrically loaded beams were analyzed, where the parameters were (1) bond-slip stiffness, and (2) with or without pull-out of main bars from adjoining joints. Analytical results were compared with experimental results.
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HIROMICHI ICHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
72-78
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper the author deals with two problems of "minute shadow" which means an area bounded by a shadow curve of m-minutes and a portion of walls of a building. One is the relation between the plan of a single straight block and the critical height of the block. Another is the relation between proportions of the building and the area of "minute shadow". In any case dealt here, the long axis of a single straight block runs north and south, or east and west. Moreover, the shadow curves in this study are made from shadows cast by a building at the winter solstice in Tokyo (Lat. 35°41'N). The results are as follows (1) The critical height of the building is decided by aspect ratio of the plan. (2) The area of "minute shadow" of the building is decided by both aspect ratio of the plan and ratio of slenderness of the elevation.
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TOSHIO MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
79-87
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous papers, it was already confirmed by simulation and field measurement that VAV system was the most suitable air conditioning system for energy saving. The purpose of this paper is to study economical problems in VAV duct design, namely, location of static pressure transmitter, optimum duct friciton rate and fan control. As to static pressure transmitter, the author analyzes pressure distribution in VAV duct system and states a method of deciding the optimum location. If friction rate is smaller in ductwork, the power consumption of fan decreases. But it needs larger size of the duct, and so the first cost becomes more. Although speed control is the most effective for energy saving in VAV fan control systems, it needs the highest first cost. Therefore, in this report, the author, proposing a formula of optimum friction rate on the basis of generalization of the first cost and the operating one, and applying it to an actual air duct design, obtained the value of optimum friction rate. Besides, the author analyzed VAV fan controls as to its optimum economic system.
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KOYA YAMAMOTO, OSAMU HOSHINO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
88-99
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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We have made a survey on the lay out of furnitures in 33 units of J. H. B. condominiums. Each unit has a same floor planning. So we have got the map of furniture density for this floor planning by piling the drawings of furniture-lay-outs. We can find some relations between furniture-lay-out and the floor planning in this map. Thus we made a lot of comments, which can be useful for the improvement of a floor planning, about these relations. The contens are following. 1. Purpose of this research 2. Method of analysis 3. Description of the survey 4. Results of the survey and our comments 5. Conclusion
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TOHRU FUNAKOSHI, HIROSHI TSUMITA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
100-107
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study is to explicate objectively Space-consciousness of street spaces (Psychological-analysis), to develop a method how to describe the street spaces quantitatively (Physical-analysis) and more over to obtain relation formulas between the result of Psychological-analysis and physical-analysis (Correlation-analysis). In this paper (part I) as the first step of this study, the result of psychological-analysis of street spaces is presented. First, we selected twenty-seven streets in Tokyo and Kyoto district out of many streets we investigated. Twenty-seven streets are classified into seven street types such as Shopping street, Residential street, Office street and so on. we chose the method to show the color panoramic photgraphs of streets rather than the method to show the real streets to subjects. Second, twenty-seven bipolar adjective phrases that express the feelings of street spaces such as good or poor quality feeling, interesting or uninteresting feeling were determind. The mean-values and the standard-deviations of twenty-seven bipolar adjective phrases related to each street space were calculated with Semantic-Differential analysis method on the basis of thirtytwo subjects test data. Consequently, the following characteristics of street spaces were made clear. Shopping streets (HARAJYUKU, GINZA area etc.) make people feel very noisy, restless and a little green but lively. Residential streets (HIROYAMA, SEIJYO area etc.) make people feel quiet and yet stagnant. Last, the factor-loadings and the Factor-contributions of twenty-seven street spaces were obtained by Factor-analysis (Direct-Varimax) method. As a result, thirteen psychological-factors of street spaces were chosen based on the analyzed factor-loadings and factor-cotributions. The analysis showed that the most important factor is Design-factor, the second is Urbanity-factor and the third is Open-factor among thirteen factors.
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TATSUO TAJIME, EIICHI MORIYA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
108-115
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper desribes the problems of evacuation in the event of a large earthquake in the area of Kanagawa ward, Yokohama, Main points of the study are as follows; 1. to determine the relocation of evacuees by Linear Programming technique 2. to predict the number of fires and the range of fire spread 3. to estimate the evacuation time by computer simulation technique
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YASUFUMI TOMIOKA, NORIOKI ISHIMARU
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
116-126
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It is said that Japan is country whose two-thirds are coverd with forest. Forest is of a great value as a country space which is not only for its large area but for its economical function that supplies wood materials, cultivational one as water resouces, preservational one of natural environment that keeps safe from a flood or a landslide, and recreational one. When we are talking about use of our land, we recognize a significant utility of forest. In those situation, nessesity of prospection about function and role of forests has been pointed out from the stand of valuable use of forest resouces and estbalishment of agricultural foundation. So in the field of agricultural planning whose purpose is preservation and important on living environment, it can be said that arguments about utilization of forest resouces in agricultural mountain village are important and emergency problems. From those point of view, this paper considers the use of forest, especially of forest owned in common, which greatry influences the land future use in agricultural mountain area, and treat two villages at Chugoku montains in Hiroshima prefecture as an example. According to two indexes, that is to say, the total common forest area and that per capita, this paper divides forests into three classes; (A) Small-Scale, (B) Middle-Scale, and (C) Large-Scale. And this paper clarifies the structural aspects of common forest by each scale, in aspects of possession form, use form, afforestation form, labor form, and etc.
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SEIROKU OTA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
127-134
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is a study on the Jyotomon-tei and Bywadono, Palaces of "Michinaga Fujiwara", the first man of Power in Fujiwara Period.
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TOSHIO ASANO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
135-142
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper makes an analysis of the technical problems of the "first" perspective panel of San Giovanni Baptistery made, as describes Manetti, by an architect Brunelleschi. The part I of the paper analysed the problems of the way of drawing the perspective. The part II analyses the technical problems of the way of seeing it, which constitutes the proper subject of this study. Principal conclusions of the part II are as follows, [1] Manetti's description on the San Giovanni perspective panel describes not the way of making the perspective picture or drawing, as many assumed so far, but the way of SEEING it. The way of seeing it means a way of verifying it. [2] <Panel (picture)-Peep hole-Mirror-Objects> is just an instrument, an experimental instrument of the verification. The verification of the picture means an examination of the picture's agreement or disagreement with the objects which it depicts. The instrument can make the examination very closely. [3] The verification proves the possibility of the perspective picture. -A correctly made perspective picture can depict correctly a reality, can also depict or project correctly a not jet existing but coming to exist reality, which characterizes distinguishably architectural projection.
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IWAO SAKAMOTO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
143-154
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The object of this paper is to make clear the locality of the rural landscape in Okinawa, by investigating the character on the arrangement of folk houses. I realize that the arrangement of houses means the mutual relationship of location between main house and annexes, and consider both the actual conditions on mutual relationship of location and factors on them. Main results in this paper are as follows; (1) Annexes are arranged in principle to the lower part of the main house, in spite of both direction of main house and position of main room in it, except the few special annexes fixed to the upper part long since. (2) Exterior space around the main house is ensured superiorly both in the upper part on upper and lower direction, and in the front part on front and rear direction. But, even if the frontage or length of site increasing, the width of the space in the upper part is limited to more or less 5 meter. On the other hand, the depth in the front part is fixed to the certain dimension. It is different by each village. (3) Accordingly, annexes are arranged much to the side of main house in case of holizontally proportioned site, and to the rear side in case of vertically proportioned one. (4) In case of main house made from reinforced concrete, both water-closet and bathroom among annexes are arranged outside less than made from wood. They are located more inside house, so number of annexes in made from reinforced concrete is less than in made from wood. (5) The location in every kind of annex is fixed in almost the certain place each other, except in case of distributing by draining condition on bathroom. (6) The rural landscepe is influenced by the state of distribution on the direction of main house, position of main room, proportion of site, and structure of main house. Among them, the former two are the major factors influencing the rural landscape.
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DONGUK KIM
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
155-162
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The daimok, a member of the architectural builders, was the leader of the builders and placed on high rank of the officials in the first half of the Yi-Dynasty. He controled the construction of the official buildings like the palaces or the castle. From the middle of the 17th century, the beginning of the second half of the Yi-Dynasty, the Daimok was vanished and the builders could not become the officials. It resuted that all the builders became wage workers and they simply offered their skill under the control of the officials.
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MASAYA OKUMIYA, MAKOTO TSUJIMOTO, NOBUO NAKAHARA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 327 Pages
163-171
Published: May 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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To make the data base for desing concept of thermal and air condition of school measurement of these conditions of classroom were cassied out in winter. The type of classrooms are non-climate controlled and climate controlled which are caused sound proof. The results may be summarized as follows; (1) In the non-climate-controlled classroom used the gas stove without exhaust, the air temperaure of living area is 15〜18℃ except beginning of lessons. In the climate controlled classroom, the air temperature is a little higher than that in the non-climate-controlled classroom. (2) In the classroom used the gas stove without exhaust, the concentration of CO_2 exceed 5000ppm within an hour if the windows and doors are not opened. In the climate-controlled classroom, CO_2 concentration is lower than that in above mentioned classroom. (3) CO is not detected in all classroom. (4) The concentration of floating mist is less than standard value (0.15mg/m^3). (5) In designing of HVAC system of the school building, following points must be considered. A. Change of the number of people in the classroom (0 or MAX). B. Existence of rest at interval of about an hour. C. Large production of heat and generation of vapor from human body. D. Difference in metabolic rate and cold resistance between an adult and a child. E. Pleasant for intellectual training.
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Article type: Appendix
1983 Volume 327 Pages
App1-
Published: May 30, 1983
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