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Article type: Cover
1979 Volume 278 Pages
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Published: April 30, 1979
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Article type: Cover
1979 Volume 278 Pages
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Published: April 30, 1979
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Article type: Appendix
1979 Volume 278 Pages
App1-
Published: April 30, 1979
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Article type: Index
1979 Volume 278 Pages
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Published: April 30, 1979
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Article type: Appendix
1979 Volume 278 Pages
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Published: April 30, 1979
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KOICHI KISHITANI, KOICHI MAEDA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
1-8
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper reports the basic problems in aplication of fracture mechanics to concrete. The fracture toughness values obtained by usual toughness test are very higher than that calucurated by surface energy. Glucklich explained this fact by aggreate crack arrest effect. Authors have taken the same view-point and thought that the fracture toughness value of heterogeneous material like concrete is related the energy that is needed to extend macroscopic crack including crack arrest effect. Instead of considering the physical meaning of fracture toughness value furthermore, we have proposed several problems as follows. 1) Dependance of fracture toughness value on crack length 2) Dependance of fracture toughness value on stress field 3) Dependance of fracture toughness value on specimen size effect 4) Dependance of fracture toughness value on artificial flaw geometry 5) Relationship of fracture toughness value to usual non-crack introduced specimen strength As the first step, we have experimented fracture toughness test in tensile splitting and bending. In short crack length, fracture toughness value became very small. So we hypothesized branching crack that is stable crack extension before ultimate failure. Usual non-crack introduced specimen strength is related to fracture toughness and critical crack length. The critical crack length is thought the branching crack of non-crack introduced specimen and depends on aggregates and stress field. As a result of our experiments, we can aply fracture mechanics to concrete. However the fracture toughness value and critical crack length of concrete are very large. This means that concrete is insensitive to crack and it is no merit to aply fracture mechanics method to "macroscopic" failure of concrete.
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YOUICHI MINAKAWA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
9-14
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper study periodic solutions of nonlinear autonomous equation of motion with one-degree-of-freedom in conservative field. Considering the relation between shapes of closed orbits on the phase plane and free vibration response shapes of the periodic solutions corresponding to the orbits, we derive the following conclusions. 1. The approximate periodic solution obtained by applying the cosine Fourier series to the equation of motion in conservative field uniformly converges to the exact periodic solution of it. 2. The approximate periodic solution obtained by applying the sine Fourier series does not generally converge to the exact solution. Then we seek the condition where the sine Fourier series can express the approximate solution which uniformly converges to the exact periodic solution.
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HIDEO TAKABATAKE
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
15-25
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The aims of this paper are to formulate the rigorous governing equation for the problem of large displacements and large rotations of an elastic rod, whose axial curve is a space curve, in the reference state and further to represent the various approximate equations of the derived rigorous governing equation by means of approximations without loosing generality for practical uses. It is assumed from the viewpoint grasping the main deformation behaviour that the displacement function of the rod consists of the plan displacement composed of stretching, bending, the transverse shear deformation and the deformation of the cross section without the local deformation and of warping occurring by twisting, and that the latter warping is addition to in the displacement state of the former. Wherein it is also assumed that warping is expressed by the product of warping parameter and the modified warping function considered the effect of the initial curvature and torsion of the axial curve in the St. Venant's warping function. Under such assumptions to the displacement functions, the governing equation of elastic rods is obtained by reducing the three-dimensional body to the one-dimensional one through the modified Hellinger-Reissner's variational principle. Furthermore, the simplified equations of the derived rigorous governing equation are presented by means of the following assumptions. (i) the assumption of the thinness of a rod, (ii) the neglect of the effects of the curvature and torsion in warping, (iii) the neglect of the nonlinear terms involving warping, (iv) the assumption of the rigid displacement of the cross section, (v) small rotation and the neglect of the warping components α^2, Although these assumptions can use arbitrarily and independently, the simplified equations in this paper are developed by means of the above assumptions in turn. The results derived here contain the theories of Washizu and Wempener and further the classical result.
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MINORU WAKABAYASHI, NOZOMU YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
27-36
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The researches on the strength of long composite columns and design formulas for them are reviewed, and a new design method for them is proposed. As the new method is based on the additive theory, it is simple and has the advantage that two independent design formulas can be used for the design of steel portion and reinforced concrete portion. Strength of a centrally loaded composite column is obtained from Eq. (1). Ultimate strength and allowable capacity of a beam-column are obtained from Eqs. (8) and (9), and Eqs. (12) and (13), respectively. If there is moment gradient in the longitudinal direction due to the difference of end moments, Eqs. (8) and (9) are modified to Eqs. (14) and (15), respectively. In chapter 4, the strength of composite columns with cross sections shown in Fig. 3 by mean of the proposed method are compared with exact values from theoretical analysis. The results are shown in Figs. 5 to 7 for centrally loaded columns, Fig. 10 to 12 for eccentrically loaded columns, and Fig. 13 for eccentrically loaded columns with moment gradient, respectively. The experimental results by Stevens are compared with the strengths by means of the proposed formulas in Fig. 14. Proposed formulas by Dowling et al and Roik et al are compared with that in this paper in Fig. 15. As shown in the figures, errors involved in the proposed formulas are in the safe side and reasonably small.
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TETSURO INOUE
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
37-44
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Experiments of protable frame with H-sectional beam under horizontal loading were performed to observe the restoring force characteristics of the beam especially in the plastic range. Generally deformability of beams is limitted by lateral or local buckling. Tested beams have small width-to-thickness ratio for both flange and web. Collapse mode of them was characterized by the lateral buckling. Specimens are nearly of full-size and are provided with practical conditions such as intermediate sub-beams and floor bracings. Experimental results were compared with analytical ones proposed in this paper. The method of analysis makes allowance for strain-hardening of material and Post-buckling equilibrium of the beam. Analytical predictions agree fairly well with experimental results in regard to maximum strength and deformability.
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SATORU INO, YOSHIZO DOBASHI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
45-54
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this report the stress analysis that takes account of the deformation of all the elements of an r.c. building frame is conducted for a series of two-way slab systems, as cast monolithically with supporting beams and/or girders, varied gradually in dimensions within a practically feasible range. Then, based on the results of this analysis that include those for some cases coinciding with actual slab systems of above types damaged by large deflections, discussion is made on necessary precautions to be taken against them in the structural design of the feregoing types of slab systems.
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MINORU YAMADA, HIROSHI KAWAMURA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
55-66
Published: April 30, 1979
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In the preceding papers (I) (II), the aseismic capacity of steel structures without braces were discussed on. In this paper, furthermore, the aseismic capacity of low-rise steel structures composed of rigid frames with elastic and/or plastic buckling type braces arranged symmetrically in plan. First, the mechanical behaviors of a single brace subjected to alternately repeated axial loading are described in brief formulas. Second, steel structures with braces are divided into two types, i.e. rigid and flexible ones. Third, an analytical approach to the resonance-fatigue-characteristics of flexible type steel structures with braces are shown on the basis of the idealized and simplified restoring functions and hysteretic area characteristics of barce-and rigid frame-elements. Finally, evaluation criteria and procedures of the aseismic capacity and safety of steel rigid frames with braces are presented. (Table 1)
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YASUTAKA IRIE, YOSHIKAZU KITAGAWA, YUTAKA OSAWA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
67-80
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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HIROSHI IMAI, KAZUMASA KOSUGI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
81-90
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This report is concerned with the properties of framed shear walls after cracking. First the results of theoretical analysis obtained by transposing the shear wall to a truss model are compared with test results to seek the correspondence between them. Next a method is shown to analyze the deformation state and stress state of a specimen on the basis of test data which have been directly measured. Upon application of this method to the above-mentioned specimen, it has become possible to obtain the failure process which the specimen has gone through, deformation and stress states of the specimen and hysteresis curves of various members (stress vs. strain relationship). These results together with the results of theoretical analysis are summarized as follows : i) Wall concrete before cracking is more or less under a pure shearing stress state. ii) Wall concrete after cracking forms a compressive field and pushes out the peripheral frame to the outside. Wall bars also act as tensile members. For the above-mentioned specimen whose wall has a larger ratio of reinforcement, these bars are idealized into members having origin-oriented hysteresis characteristics with the tensile strength of concrete as a yielding point. iii) For steel-framed shear walls, frame stiffness after wall cracking can be evaluated by elastic rigidity of steel skeletons. iv) In the peripheral frame of the test body, axial force is predominant, but the quantity of bending moment is small. When the maximum yield strength is about to be reached, shearing force also becomes considerably larger.
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MASAHIDE TOMII, HIDENORI OHNO
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
91-102
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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HIROTO HAGURA, TOSHIO KOIZUMI, MANABU WAKATSUKI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
103-111
Published: April 30, 1979
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The typhoon 13 in 1975 hit the small island Hachijo and damaged on many houses and others. This study is concerning with the relationships between distribution of damaged houses, which was devised from aerial photographs, and local terrain. It is effective for accuracy and time to use the aerial photographs to look over the damaged houses covering wide area. We, however, are able to find out only the destroyed houses and the houses which were damaged to their roofs, so long as to use the photos. We have to miss the slightly damaged houses, for instance, damaged on walls, windows and so forth. Fortunately, this time most of the dameges were belong to the types which are easy to find out useing the aerial photos. Therefore the results of the survey using the photos shows good agreement with the results of the field survey. We adopted some typical factors which represent the influence of local topography for the analysis of the relationships between the damage ratio and the topographical effects. The analysis was carried out to seek the regression equation by means of multiple regression analysis. As to make clear the effect of each factor, we analysed change of residual. Residual is difference between the real damage ratio and evaluated damage ratio, and that is changed by the supplementary factor. Therefore, the effect of each factor is made cleare from change of residual. Then, we concluded that it is useful to use multiple regression analysis and residual analysis to estimate the influence of every topographical effects on the damages of houses hit by strong wind. In this case, because of the small island, the sea ratio, we define as the percentage of the sea space in an area, became the most important and serious topographical factor. From the results of residual analysis, we found out some particular points which were influenced not only by the sea but any other factors. Those can be influenced by airstrip, hill, slope, foot of mountain which are difficult to incorporate into this analysis.
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KOICHI YOKOYAMA, EIJI MAKI, HISAYA ISHINO
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
113-119
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study primarily aims 1) at analyzing how the heat load characteristics (integrated annually, monthly and at peak time, the outside temperature-heat load relationship and the annual load frequency distribution) are affected by the types of various building elements and also. 2) at developing a simplified method to estimate the heat load characteristics. The authors analyzed heat load characteristics by utilizing the "design of experiments" (DOE) technique which is one of the method of Numerical Statistics. The DOE method has been defined as method to obtain an objective conclusion through an effective experiment for the phenomenon affected by complicated factors. A large number of simulation results were subjected to analysis of variance, and a set of tables indicating the degrees of effects of the significant elements on the heat load characteristics was prepared on a consistent basis. The heat load characteristics of any space can be obtained by these tables through a few arithmetic operations.
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YOSHIHARU ASANO, FUMITOSHI KIYA, YOTARO KOBAYASHI, MASAYUKI MATSUI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
121-128
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The characteristics of the practical flow of the drainage in stacks vary with the inflow conditions and the plumbing systems. In this report the authors tentatively assumed that the drainage in stacks was two phase flow as annulus composed of water and air, and analysed the characteristics of it from the experimental and theoretical viewpoints. 1) The authors obtained the equations in order to calculate the therminal velocity and the terminal length from the flow quantity of water. 2) The flow quantity of air induced by the water was roughly estimated from the fllow quantity of water and the terminal velocity. 3) It was proper to express the flow characteristics in stacks with the occupant ratio of water.
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OKINORI TANIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
129-134
Published: April 30, 1979
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As far as the cognition in the planning is concerned, it is important that the clearness of the knowledge is assured. By the direct clear knowledge we mean the self-clear knowledge which enables to be the evidence of other matter. And the speech about things which we intend to plan has this direct clearness. From this direct clear knowledge, we can get the indirect clear knowledge. The indirect clear knowledge. bases upon the direct clear knowledge. R. Chisholm shows nine principles which are applied to the direct clear knowledge and get some indirect clear knowledge. He calls them the rules of evidence. I analysed them from signifying behavior and referring behavior, and showed the key point of such rules was the inductive confirmation. I correspond signifying behavior to expressing the direct clear knowledge, namely, the discourse about the planning object, and referring to expressing the indirect clear knowledge, namely, the discourse about the realized object in planning. And I correspond the process from the direct to the indirectto the process from signifying to referring, and I showed the brief application of these nine rules to the locutions in planning and discussed the problem about the application of these rules to planning. Finally, I discussed the possibility of the conversion of referring in to signifying.
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NORIOKI ISHIMARU
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
135-146
Published: April 30, 1979
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Through the waste problem in Hiroshima City, this paper is studied on what the future prospects, that is, the prior condition of planning should be, and on what should be treated as the domain of planning. The waste volume which gives the prior condition to waste treatment has been expected to increase steadily hitherto, however by "Oil Shock", by "State-of-waste-emergency" declaration, by classifying-and-collecting system, and by other waste administration in Hiroshimi City, the volume showed a decrease. For example, thirty-five percent of all waste volume is reduced on account of "Oil Shock", and twenty-three percent of mixed-waste volume or forty-two percent of raw waste on account of the "State-of-waste-emergency" declaration and classifying-and-collecting system. The system materially has several effects such as physical reduction effect, self-disposal effect, waste-consciousness effect and recovery-and-reproduction effect. Thus, the reduction effect of waste volume is grasped in relation to several factors. Especially, it is pointed out that the state of waste-consciousness and life-style of citizens plays an important role in the reduction. Moreover factors which will determine waste volume are examined on several levels, and contents to which waste treatment planning should correspond are developed. Thus, it is argued that to determine suitable the prior condition in waste treatment planning is also the domain which planning side should deal with, and unless this aspect is properly taken care of, the plan of treatment plants itself will reach a dead-lock.
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REIJJ OBASE
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
147-154
Published: April 30, 1979
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I intend to account for that the roads in community area are classified into five categories. (1) roads for pedestrians; main routes for pedestrions. (2) roads for vehicles; not concerned with community; main vehicular routes and not concered with pedestrians and playing children They are not Community Roads. (3) semi-private roads; is no through traffic and the place for playing children, concerned with the only dwellers who face the roads. (4) pedestrian roads with vehicle access; there are conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles, and in general they are classified into collector roads. (5) vehicular roads with pedestrian; heavey trafficis on them, which are unpreferable for pedestrians, dwellers and playing children. In general they are classified into structural roade in town.
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ROKURO TOMINAGA, YOSHIAKI HONDA, ETUO FUNAWATASHI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
155-161
Published: April 30, 1979
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This paper consists of three parts. The first is to find factors considering the urban structure on the urbanization of 68 cities in Japan. Using the method of factor analysis to approach this object, we find out four factrs in concern to the urban structure. The secon is to classify into groups based on four factors in concern to urban structure. By means of cluster analysis, 86 cities are classified into five clusteres. Finally, the relationship between the urban development index and the urban structure is discussed by the result of discriminant function method.
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HIDETOSHI OHNO
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 278 Pages
163-175
Published: April 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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