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Article type: Cover
1980Volume 288 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1980
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Article type: Cover
1980Volume 288 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1980
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Article type: Index
1980Volume 288 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1980
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Article type: Bibliography
1980Volume 288 Pages
Misc1-
Published: February 28, 1980
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Article type: Bibliography
1980Volume 288 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1980
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MASANORI IZUMI, HIROZO MIHASHI
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
1-12
Published: February 28, 1980
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From the view point of a stochastic theory, this paper has presented a theoretical consideration of the properties of fracture strength of concrete materials under simple loading, which is dependent on several factors such as the kind of stress, stress disturbance by heterogeneity (because of aggregates and water), and size effect. After assuming the probability density function of the stress disturbance factor : f(c) as the gamma distribution, the effects of material defects on the probability density function of the fracture strength are discussed. These properties are ascertained by comparison with the results of some experimental procedures.
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KOUHEI MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
13-20
Published: February 28, 1980
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The aim of this study is seek for necessary and sufficient conditions of the optimum design loads of buildings and structures other than socially important ones. This paper build up ten hypotheses and assumptions in order to attain the goal. The fundamental assumption and hypotheses are as follows; 1) the temporaly loads are indipendent random variables. 2) the safty of occupants, the regional or urban security and reconstruction measures should be assured indipendetly with the structural strength design of indiuidual buildins and structures. 3) the economically optimum design load condition should minimize total building cost which is composed of initial investiment (I), estimated damages by disasters (D_n), maintenance expenditures (R_n) and earnings (-E_n). this hypothesis is denoted by equations (3), (5). The obtained results are as follows; 1. When he determinant Det≤0, the optimum design for temporaly loadts does not exist. 2. When Det>0, the necessary and sufficient condition for the optimum design is given by the equilibrium formula (7)-(12).
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KOZO WAKIYAMA, KEIJI HIRAI
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
21-27
Published: February 28, 1980
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The results of fatigure testing of high strength bolts are prsented herein. And the results are presented in the S-N curue or modified goodman-diagram which are regards as the fundamental data of fatigue design for high strength bolted joints. In this paper, five different types of bolts are tested. These are F8T-M22, F10T-M22, F11T-M22, F10T-M16, F11T-M16 and are prescribed in JIS-B-1186. When a high strength bolt is subjected to a fatigue loading, for easily estimating its fatigue strength from the modified goodman-diagram, the diagram is indicated in some numerical equations. On the purpose, the author proposed one method for estimating a modified goodman-diagram by making experiments as few as possible. Comparing between experiments and the results from a proposed method, the prosperity of a proposed method is concidered. The outline of a proposed method is followings. If a modified goodman-diagram of one type of high strength bolt is obtained by experiments, making this diagram non-dimensional form by the tensile stress of the bolt, the non-dimensional modified goodman-diagram is obtained for the same diameter bolts as which are fatigue tested. And from the non-dimensional goodman-diagram, a estimated modified goodman-diagram for a bolt having the same diameter but a different tensile stress is obtained by multipling the non-dimensional modified goodman-diagram by the tensile stress of the bolt of which we want to know modified goodman-diagram. The estimated goodman-diagram according to this method is regarded as the significant and convenient data in engineering judgement.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI, TOSHIYUKI OGAWA
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
29-37
Published: February 28, 1980
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In this paper, a consistent method of stability analysis for reticulated cylindrical shells using the finite element method is presented. The basic equilibrium path which involves snap-through buckling is pursued by the proportional loading method and the bifurcation path is constructed applying the eigenvalue analysis. The accuracy of the present method is examined by numerical examples and then the method is applied to typical model calculations for pre- and post-buckling analysis of a rigidly jointed reticulated cylindrical shells. Summary of results obtained may by as follows. 1. Good convergency is obtained as a result of improvement of freedom of an axial displacement. 2. Linear buckling load is higher than non-linear buckling load even if the initial displacement matrix is included in the eigenvalue analysis. 3. As characteristic parameters of shell geometry, a lengthy ratio of both sides as well as shallowness is important. 4. Nonlinearity due to bending moment has a little influence upon the buckling behavior. 5. Asymmetrical bifurcation may occur even when there exist no snapthrough buckling on the basic equilibrium path.
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YOSHIKAZU KANOH, SEIJI YOSHIZAKI
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
39-47
Published: February 28, 1980
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The characteristics of slab-column connections were experimentally investigated. Eight slab-column specimens were tested under repeated lateral load simulating earthquakes. Major variables were : 1) the tensile reinforcement ratio, . 2) the arrangement of that reinforcement, 3) shear reinforcement. Based on the test results, cracking patterns and failure modes, load-deflection relations, effective width of slabs, deflection modes of slabs, average strain distributions of slabs measured by contact strain gage, distributions of flexural moment at slab critical section, α values defined by ACI 318-71-applied moment due to lateral load relations, ultimate shear strengths were described with tables and figures. Furthermore, inadequacies in the assumption of the design method in the ACI Code 318-71 were pointed out.
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MINORU MAKINO, CHIAKI MATSUI, ISAO MITANI
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
49-59
Published: February 28, 1980
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In this paper, the first, correlation of plastic behavior between cyclic loading and monotonic loading are discussed based on analytical and experimental results. The summaries are as follows : 1) The plastic behavior (axial load carrying capacity-axial deformation relation) of the web effects on the plastic cyclic behavior (resisting moment-rotation relation) of the steel beam-columns. 1-1) In the case of strain hardening modulus ratio of the web μ_w>0, the yield load at i/2th cycle is larger than the reversed load at (i-2)/2th cycle. 1-2) In the case of μ_w<0, the yield at i/2th cycle is smaller than the reversed load at (i-2)/2th cycle. 2) The correspondency of the plastic behavior under monotonic loading and cyclic loading is as follows : Without regard to value of n, when [numerical formula] and [numerical formula], where b/f is width-to-thickness ratio of the flange, D/w is width-to-thickness ratio of the web, σ_y is the yield point stress of the material evaluated in ton/cm^2, good correspondency was observed. Next, the influences of the width-to-thickness ratios of the plate elements, axial load ratio, amplitude, and material properties on relations between accumulated energy absorption Σe and accumulated plastic deformation Σδp are discussed. Ratios of the experimental value (Σe)_<exp> at Σδp=20 to the theoretical value (Σe)_<th> that is obtained based on the perfectly elastic-plastic behavior of the member α are evaluated as follows : In the case of n=0 [numerical formula] In the case of n=0.3 [numerical formula]
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, MITSURU IZUMI
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
61-71
Published: February 28, 1980
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The low cycle plastic fatigue tests of defective butt welded T-joints were carried out. From the results, the following summaries were obtained. (1) Comparing the reduction of area of T-joints which breaks at near the end of joints with the one of their material, the former is under 1/2 of the latter. (2) The relation between plastic strain amplitude and number of cycles to failure of T-joints can be expressed by Manson-Coffin's formula. k_p and C_p are the function of the fracture ductility. (3) The uniform elongation of the T-joints is proportional to the fracture ductility, and by employing the uniform elongation both the relation between strain amplitude and number of cycles to failure and the relation between strain amplitude and total hysteresis energy can be expressed by Manson-Coffin's type formula.
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OSAMU MATSUOKA, KAEKO YAHATA
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
73-84
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The displacement potentials to have a new representative form are derived from dynamic governing equations of a three dimentional homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium. We discuss the relation between these potentials and well-known potentials. The fundamental solution in the case of an infinite elastic medium to be excited by a harmonic point load, or a point load with impulsive time dependence at the origin, is obtained and the solution to be called the Dynamic Kelvin solution, is investigated. The simple application, used the fundamental solutions in the harmonic case is performed, and it is discussed that the result is similar to that of the problem for a point load acting normally to the boundary in the interior of a semiinfinite medium. The other fundamental solutions, in impulsive loading, are presented in Fig.4-9, where the wave geometry of the propagation state with dilatational waves and equivoluminal waves are shown, and wave fronts are caught approximately. It has been described, in dfferent static cases, that the method, using the potential H and fundamental solutions, to analyze problems of a semi-infinite elastic medium subjected to a point load, has been general, While methods of synthesis and superposition, using fundamental solutions, need some skillful idea. This paper is the first part of our study, in which the former method is applied to the dynamic analysis of a three dimensional elastic medium.
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UERUJI IWAHARA
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
85-96
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, the comformal mapping function which transforms the annular region on to the square region with a square hole is made approximately. By using mapping function and the complex variable method associated with Muskhelishvili, bending analyses of plates shown in subtitle are performed. As boundary conditions, the outer boundary is treated with the clamped edge and the simply supported edge, respectively, and the inner boundary is treated with free edge. Numerical calculations are performed so exactly for given mapping functions, and the satisfied results were obtained.
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Article type: Bibliography
1980Volume 288 Pages
96-
Published: February 28, 1980
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SATSUYA SODA, SUKENOBU TANI
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
97-105
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of the aseismic design of tall buildings might be defined as to givesuch optimum distribution of suructural parameters as initial stiffness, yielding stiffness, masses, damping etc., considering an probabilistic properties of earthquake motions. To realize this purpose, it is necessary first to establish a standard of "optimum" and secondly to develop an analytical method which can deal with massive RMS response calculations efficiently. In this paper, authors considered "optimum" as the uniform distribution of the ductility factors of each story. And as for the analytical method, equivalent linearization method is modified to be applicable to the study of non-stationary RMS response of multi-storied structures which have bi-linear type restoring force characteristics and are subjected to non-stationary non-white noise. In the first part of paper, analytical method is formulated and its applicability is confirmed. Second part relates the optimum design. In this paper, especially, relations between the form of the optimum stiffness distribution and such properties of excitations as dominant frequency, maximum acceleration, intensity distribution etc. are examined. Results are summarized as follows : 1) Analytical method is sufficiently accurate and simple enough to deal with massive parametric studies in the optimum design of tall buildings. 2) If such strucural parmeters as masses, damping yielding displacements, yielding stiffness ratioes are uniformly distributed in a super structure, form of the optimum stiffness distribution will be affected mainly by the difference of the dominant frequency of the excitation but little by the difference of maxium value of acceleration and of its occuring momemt.
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KAZUO MATSUMURA, MINORU MAKINO
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
107-113
Published: February 28, 1980
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Statistical tests for the Poisson process, the magnitude distribution and the distribution of the annual maximum magnitude of earthquake occurrences in and near Japan listed in JMA catalogue from 1885 to 1974 were examined. The goodness of fit tests for the time occurrences of large earthquakes show that the Poisson process is rejected in some unit areas of approximately 10000km^2 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 since earthquakes tend to come in groups. Except for a few unit areas, the goodness of fit tests show that the truncated magnitude distribution derived from the Gutenberg and Richter's law is accepted as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit tests for the annual maximum magnitude indicate that the extreme value distribution derived from the Poisson process and the magnitude distribution is adequate to explain the observed annual maximum magnitude in and near Japan as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
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Article type: Bibliography
1980Volume 288 Pages
113-
Published: February 28, 1980
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KOICHI TAKANASHI, KUNIAKI UDAGAWA, HISASHI TANAKA
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
115-124
Published: February 28, 1980
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Yoshitsura YOKOO, Hiroyuki MATSUNAGA
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
125-138
Published: February 28, 1980
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This paper is concerned with a numerical prediction of geometrically nonlinear behaviors of shallow (hyperbolic paraboloidal) shell models with clamped edges subjected to air pressures. The numerical analysis of the experimental models in the previous work [6] is carried out in detail with the use of higher order finite difference approximations by taking into account the effects of initial configurations of shell models. A considerably close agreement between almost all the numerical and experimental data except some local data verifies the accuracy and reliability of the present method and solution at least with respect to the benchmark load-deflection curves of the particular cases treated here.
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HITOSHI YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
139-147
Published: February 28, 1980
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This paper consists of three contents. The first is the expresion of solar position by means of a unit vector of orthogonal coordinate, instead of solar azimuth and solar altitude by which we used to express it. That simplifies the calculation of solar environment, for example, the time of sunrise or sunset concerning an inclined plane which is set at will, and the problem of solar obstacle. The second is the calculation methods of the apparent declination of the sun, the equation of time and the quantity of solar radiation outside of the earth's atomosphere, solar constant. No other calculation methods those are used now are not so exact as these, while the values which are calculated by these methods have errors of no more than some seconds order in real time at maxima. these formulae are extracted from the elliptic orbit of the earth revolving around the sun, involving the yeary spreading variation of angle contained by the winter solstice and periherion. The third is the formulae of the solid angle projection factor as to an optional shape supposing perfect diffusing surface, and about the relation of their angles.
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TAKAO MORITA
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
149-155
Published: February 28, 1980
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The purpose of this study is to suggest the location plan of civic halls by the mathematical solution estimating their demand to improve the system of their location in Osaka Prefecture. The conclusions are as follows; (1) The ratio (dy/dx) of audience-increase per distance (x) from audience's house to a hall is directly proportional to its attraction (y) : (-dy/dx)/x=ay (α : a constant) (2) The demand for civic halls is estimated by the following function : D= Σ^^n__<t=2> P_tC_e-t^2/2α′D : demand for seating capacity P : population t : distance calculated by time scale C, α′ : a constant, C>0, α′>0 (3) The method of locating civic halls is based on the mesh analysis. (4) In the case of locating civic halls form the center of Osaka to the suburbs, we must supply 24 halls whose total seating capacity is 20, 480. The other hand in locating them from the suburbs we must supply 31 halls and 24, 980 seats.
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YORIFUSA ISHIDA
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
157-165
Published: February 28, 1980
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Kanda Hashimoto-cho which had been one of four noted slums in Tokyo, was cleared in 1881. In this study the author intended to make clear the detail and background of this slum clearance. Contents of part-1 are as follows : 1) Overcrowded condition of Hashimoto-cho. 2) The big fire on the 26th of January 1881, which redused the slum ashes. 3) A bill to purchase the whole area of slum was discussed and adopted in the extraordinary session of Tokyo 15 Wards assembly. 4) Actual process of purchase. 5) Background of the clearance. In examining the background of this slum clearance, the author mentions a paper written in 1889 by Ogai (Rintaro) Mori (famous novelist and doctor) which criticized such opinions that to segregate the poor from the Central District of Tokyo would be the essencial mehtod to prevent big fire and to improve hygienic condition. Conclusion of part-1 is that the clearance of Hashimoto-cho was the plain example of improvement project used as a expedient of segregation.
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SHIGERU SATO
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
167-177
Published: February 28, 1980
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This paper daels with the methods of determining proper limits for density by means of correlation analysis between density and residential satisfaction. The persons who live in the center of the meshes drawn in two research areas, were sampled for the opinionair on their residential satisfaction. And floor area ratio and open space perfloor ratio, measured within 50 metres and 250 metres meshes, have been used further discussion (Fig.5) We found a high correlation between density indicators, physical factors and residential satisfaction. (Fig.7) The opinionairs who live in the block more than 50 percent gross floor ratio or less than 1.0 Livability open space ratio measured within 250 metres mesh, tend to be unsatisfied about the amenity at good housing.
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MITSUHIKO KAWKKAMI
Article type: Article
1980Volume 288 Pages
179-186
Published: February 28, 1980
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It is the aim of this study to analyze current household movement for residential dwellings from available data by finite Markov chain as analytical methodology. Transition probability matrix is estimated from the 1973 Housing Survey for status of residence in case of considering no new flows of ordinary households. These are simulated which are time series distributions and invariant distribution of status of residence, and also mean first passage time and mean recurrence time among them. These are main findings about characters of current household movement for residential dwellings as follows. (1) The distribution of owned houses is always increasing and other distributions are decreasing except for the early stage distributions of rented houses owned by public corporations. These tendencies have movement towards invariant distribution. (2) The ratios of invariant distribution against present distribution have correlative intensely to relative levels between main factors of present housing standards. Therefore it is deduced that household movement is basically regulated with these relative standards. (3) The ratio mentioned above of 1.0 means that its housing sector works reasonable role for housing demand of ordinary household. Such levels of housing standards, havingt the ratio 1.0, are estimated by regression method. These levels are considered as kinds of norms for housing supply. (4) Accessibility for ordinary households between status of residence are estimated by mean first passage time. Especially, accessibility order for ordinary households towards status of owned houses, which is regarded as ultimate object of status of residence generally in Japan, are estimated.
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