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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 318 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 318 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982 Volume 318 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 318 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1982
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HIROYUKI KAWAMURA, KIMIYA HAMADA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
1-8
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Cracks of buildings sometmes cause trouble between the persons concerned with their construction and design regarding the assignment of its responsibility. But it is often uncertain that those cracks exceed the inevitable amount in comparison with the other same sort of buildings. So in this paper we propose the method of quantitative expression about cracks in each building elements in order to clear the quantity, the form, the cause of cracks and to warn the structural danger or the leaking of water. In the investigation of cracks we use the easily movable nets fitted with the aluminum frame, measure the width and the frequency of cracks intersect threads of the net. The results obtained is shown in the figure of the frequency-width curve and the cumulative frequency curve. This figure is our proposed expression as the crack-quality curves. And also we show effectiveness of this method not only in reinforced concrete structure but also in other structure by applying to about 13 buildings and comparing quantities, distributions of width, the progress of cracks in each building elements of same use, and the characteristics of cracks of building made from different materials.
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SHIGEHIRA OZONO, JUNJI MAEDA, MINORU MAKINO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
9-19
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The phase plane δ-method is known as a graphical method on the phase plane. This method may be classified into three algorithms (standard, averaged and dotted δ-method) and their fundamental properties are discussed; i.e. accuracy, stability and convergence, in order to use this method for the numerical method of dynamic analysis. These three algorithms are examined by several numerical examples and dynamic responses are compared with those computed by Newmark's β method. Conclusions are as follows; (1) When applied to a linear single-degree-of-freedom system, each method is reduced to the recurrence formula. So the dynamic response can be computed without drawback. Each algorithm of the phase plane δ-method is more useful than Newmark's β method both in amplitude and phase. Especially, dotted δ-method shows the most useful properties. (2) When applied to a non-linear system, each method requires a recurrsive computation. Both dotted and averaged δ-method have more rapid convergence than Newmark's β method by far.
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AKIRA MATSUO, YOSHIRO MUKUDAI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
20-27
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this study response of local strain at the end of the beam is obtained by dynamic analysis of multi-storied frames, and the following conclusions are obtained. 1) When standard mechanical properties for SS-41 steel is used, 32, 26 and 24 as a maximum strain ductility factor are obtained for 4, 8 and 12-storied frames. And it is possible that maximum strain ductility factor become much larger, when κ is greater than 0.35. 2) Damage Factor for low cycle fatigue for a severe earthquake is obtained based on eqs. (1) and (2), which is less than design standard value 0.5 proposed by Dr. Kanata et. al. But, safety of the beam end against a severe earthquake should be judged after enough information about low cycle fatigue characteristics is accumulated. 3) A method of predicting strain ductility factor at the end of the beam from design story ductility factor is proposed.
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KATSUO NAKATA, YOSHIKATSU TSUBOI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
28-39
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, boundary value problem of Vlasov type differential equations for shallow hyperbolic and elliptic paraboloidal shells are discussed. Fourier method is introduced in order to obtain the analytical solution of the equations. Two typical boundary conditions for these shells are analyzed. One is point suppsrted on its four corners and all edges are free. Another is clamped along their all edges. The former is most severe condition and the latter is most advantageous condition for corner-supported shells. One remarkable point in this paper is the technique to introduce Fourier expansion into analysis. Dirichlet Condition clarifies the convergence in case that discontinuous functions are expanded to Fourier series. If we want to get perfect expansion throughout the whole interval including cornerpoint, that condition should be satisfied. For this purpose, suitable algebraical solutions of differeential equations are adopted adding to the homogeneous solutions of Fourier series. In order to define the elastic behavier of those shells, point-supported and clamped HP and EP shells, numerical examples are attached. For various two parameters to set the characterestic value of shells, span-thickness ratio a/t and rise/span ratio ca=f/a, stresses and deflection distributions are calculated. The relations among these two parameters and deflection W, bending moment M_x and resultant normal stress N_x at the center of shells are also shown graphically. For all cases, 20 terms of expansion are adopted and poisson's ratio is assumed to be zero.
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Ikuo TOKUHIRO, Takuma KYUTOKU
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
40-49
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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KANSHI MASUDA, TSUGUOMI HIRASAKA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
50-61
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this study, as to lay emphasis on the distribution of stress at respective portion of Steel and RC in column bases we make clear the mechanism of stress transfer developed through the connection and investigate the right or wrong of applicative equations of the deformation behavior and resisting strength concerning its connections. And further, we intend to obtain the practical design recommendations. This paper reports on the results obtained experimentally on the characteristics of stress transfer, resisting strength and deformation characteristics of column bases subjected to repeated lateral loading. The main results derived from the analysis on these experiments are as following : (1) In the modes of failure, it was recognized to reach the maximum strength on account of shearing crack occurred from the top in tension side to the starting point of haunch (case of l_h/_sH=5.75) or connecting parts (case of l_h/_sH=2.75) in compression side at the concrete consolidated round the base. (2) On the relation between load and deflection, the higher height of the RC consolidated round the base is, the larger capability of deformation is after yield of the connections. (3) The respective values calculated for ultimate flexural strength and ultimate shear strength in connections of column bases consolidated with RC is underestimated in comparison with the experimental values, but the estimate of ultimate strength in practical design may be predicted by the minimum value of the strength equations (8) and (10) proposed in this paper.
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KATSUMI HARADA, YOSHIAKI KUROBANE
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
62-70
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The joints under study are the welded butt-type tube-to-gussetplate joints, in which a gusset passed through slits prepared at the tube end. These joints are frequently used as bolted field connections in transmission towers. Flange joints having an end plate at the tube end were also tested for comparison. It was found that fatigue lives of these joints were scattered around a single S-N curve, when nominal stress ranges were plotted against cycles to failure. However, differences in fatigue lives between the joint types were rather significant. A stronger correlation was observed between cycles to crack initiation and measured hot-spot strain ranges. A fatigue curve was estimated by means of the strain control concept using the fatigue notch factor, K_w that was to take account of geometrical discontinuities at the weld toes. This curve was found to represent the relationships between the cycles to crack initiation and the hot-spot strain ranges for various joints including cruciform joints with fillet welded gussets.
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MAKOTO MATSUURA, MITSUMASA NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
71-78
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the compressibility of Masa-do derived from weathering of granitic rocks. The compressibility is closely related to weathering and indicated by the coefficient of subgrade reaction K, for instance the K-value of highly-weathered Masa-do is less than that of the less-weathered. This paper has dealt with the relation between the settlement and the load on the horizontal surface (5.48kgf/cm^2 maximum load by the loading plate of 4.82 cm in diameter). The results of the tests are summarized as follows : (1) After load increment, immediate settlement comes to an end within 15 seconds, and creep settlement can approximate a straight line after that for 15 minutes' period of logarithmic time in every load step. (2) Load-immediate settlement curve is concave and load-creep settlement curve convex; the total load-settlement curve can approximate a straight line, from which K-value is calculated. (3) The relationship between N_<sw>-value and K-value makes it possible to estimate roughly the settlement from N_<sw>-value. (4) The value of creep rate parameter α is approximately proportional to the load q. And the correlation between its proportional constant θ (=α/q) and K-value is indicated by the equation (4). (5) The value of viscosity parameter β can be estimated from equation (10). It indicates that the ratio of immediate settlement to creep settlement is related to the load and its increment.
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NAOTSUNE TAGA, TADASHI MIYAZAKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
79-87
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Continued to the previous papers, microseismic observations were carried out by use of the seismometers with period of 10 seconds and 5 seconds. According to the geological survey, the observed sites are classified into three different layer thickness of soil deposits on the bed rock. Namely, their bed rocks locate zero, moderate and very deep in depths. The observation was carried out every two hours for one week since October 13 in 1979. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the characteristics of ground vibration dedending on the different layer thickness of soil deposits on the bed rock under the simultaneous observation, i.e. under the same weather condition. Observed results are not only investigated in low frequency properties as to the thickness of soil deposits but also studied in view of wind velocity, atmospheric pressure and frequency of significant wave height which was induced by typhoon T7920. The main results are as follows. (1) Predominant frequency of horizontal components on moderate and very thick soil deposits corresponds to the layer thickness of soil deposits on the bed rock. (2) Predominant frequency on the outcrop of the bed rock may be able to be explained by the theory of "stationary waves" due to sea waves. (3) Fourier's amplitude is closely related to the level of wind velocity and atmospheric pressure. (4) It is assumed that spectral characteristics has the results of a kind of filtering effect due to soil deposits except for the microseismic observation on the outcrop of the bed rock. (5) Microseismic observation on the soil deposits will be useful for the purpose of engineering use.
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SYUNZI OKAMOTO, YASUO NISI, TAKEO KOZIMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
88-97
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In many cases, fundamental problems of sunshine and natural lighting about rooms and buildings are practically solved with graphical methods using the projections of objects. In those cases, not only the works cost much labor, but figures on the way to the solution are apt to come ambiguous. The authors have studied on the mathematical representation of the projections given by form elements of objects. Here they show the functions they derived for replacement to get the equations of projection from the equations defining the elements, examples on some plane curves and their figures as results.
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TADASHI HANE
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
98-105
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The theory for the system identification of general thermal diffusivity has been explained by a closed-form solution of the thermal conduction equation. Up to now, solutions have been found only for the simplest cases, and system identification of multidimensional thermal diffusivity for actual structures has been impossible. System identification of actual, multidimensional thermal diffusivity is possible only by an approximation method. When system identification by an approximation method is performed, conditions and accuracy must be considered. This paper discusses the conditions and accuracy for the system identification of thermal diffusivity by the finite differential method, the spline method and modified forms of each of these methods. Conclusions of this paper are as follows; 1) System identification by the spline method is better than by the finite differential method. 2) The accuracy of the system identification is correlated to the input temperature data. 3) The modified identification methods are more accurate than the basic identification methods when the temperature variance increases (or decreases) simply. 4) The modified identification methods are more efficient when interpolation is used. 5) When system identification is performed, the accuracy and selection of input data can be obtained by graphic methods of input data and output of values for system identification equation.
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SHUNSUKE FUKUSHIMA, MASAHIKO ARAKI, TADAO SUGIMOTO, TADASHI KAWADA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
106-113
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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During continuous human behavior in the actural underground environmnt, sign-recognition is necessary. Also the number of signs to be searched for is normally more than one. So the processing time should be the time required for seaching one specific sign. In this paper, the model of processing time adaptable for both singular and plural targets which are under visible level from one particular point is proposed. In order to specify physical factors for both singular and plural targets, first the relations between experimental datas of plural targets and physical factors which are identical factors for singular target, were analysed. Second, through the process of analysing the combined graph which is explained in the previous report, the following matters were expected. That is, in the case of plural targets, each angle between the horizontal line of sight to the center of each sign can be expressed in the form of probability of search which is the identical form of angle in the case of singular target. Based on these investigations, the following factors for the model of processing time for both singular and plural targets were picked up. 1) Total subtended angle of plural targets. 2) The ratio of total subtended angle of plural targets to total subtended angle of all signs under visible level. 3) Angle expressed in the form of probability of search based on each angle between the horizontal line of sight to the center of environmental scene. Finally, using this model of processing time introduced here, processing time of signs positioned actually in the architectural spaces were calculated continuously. Then the model proposed was found to be well applied to the actural sign processing, and is one of the effective tools for estimating the information field.
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YASUO NISHIYAMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
114-122
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The planning situation during 60's in England is often called 'Period of Agonizing Re-appraisal' and 'The Coming of the Planning Revolution'. As the societal background, we may show three points; 1) suburbanization, 2) the rapid increase of the motorcars, 3) regional unbalance of the economic growth. To ride off the economic difficalties, people tended to recognize the importance of the economic PLANNING. During 60's, public participation accelerated the reconsideration about the planning ideology under the 1947 planning System and it was said that planning method should change from physical amenity-approach to corporate comprehensive-approach due to the necessity of the horizontal cooperation within the local government. As a antithesis of the main stream of middle class oriented planning, they discussed that the warking class people's and the amateur's participation were necessary in the planning process. In spite of this, the working class people disgusted to the mere physically limited planning, because of the destruction of the social relationships in the urban renewal projects. They demanded the more comprehensive social services in their daily life. Also, in the local government, concentratedly they discussed the necessity of the widening the scope of the new planning system, i.e. Structure Plan, but just all talk and little deed. Eventually at least at the time of the end of 60's, physical bias of British Town & Country Planning did not changed so much. They were still searching for the new directions to overcome this Achilles heel.
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TAKAKO YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
123-131
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the Edo era all of the carpenter parties in six countries-Settu, Izumi, Kawachi, Yamato, Yamashiro, and Omi-were governed by Nakai Family. The party in each country, however, had no similar constitutional form in itself in those days. For example, the number of the parties in Kawachi, as compared with the parties in the other five countries, was fewer, while the number of the carpenters was larger there. Early in the Edo period there were four different parties in Kawachi-Sakuzaemon-gumi (Ishikawa-gumi=Shindo party), Jirouemon-gumi (Kashiwada party), Sozaemon-gumi (Kadoma-gumi=Furuhashi party), and San'uemon-gumi (Kyokoji-gumi). Kyokoji-gumi, one of the four, was disunited into three separate parties-Taiheji-gumi, Nukata-gumi, and Toyura-gumi about the middle of the Edo period. In spite of the fact that the number of the carpentes increased, the remaining three parties (Kashiwada-gumi, Shindo-gumi, Furuhashi-gumi) did not break up to form new groups. Shozaemon Hirata and Jirouemon Miyajima, chief carpenters of Furuhashi and Kashida party, secured hereditary rights to succeed as head of the parties and maintained the positions until late Edo era. After passing through such development they divided themselves but into six parties in Kawachi in the late Edo era. Thus, the carpenter parties in the Kawachi country at that time practically showed the variety of it's situation with respect to the number of the carpenter party, the form of the party constitution, and the method of the management by co-existing the three large groups and the three small groups respectively.
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MARIKO OKAMOTO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
132-138
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The design of shelves occupies a very important position in the interior decoration of Japanese traditional houses. Many of these designs are introduced in the architectural manuals known as "Tana-hinagata" published about the beginning of the Edo period (beginning of the XVII century). In this paper I analyzed four of these architectural manuals which I classified under the "germination stage" (lit. Hoga-ki) and the "formation stage" (lit. Seiritsu-ki). Through the analysis of these manuals I inferred the existence of a lost original from which the woodblock prints for the "Tana-hinagata" were derived.
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TOSHIO ASANO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
139-148
Published: August 30, 1982
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The part I of the paper made a proportion-analysis of Sacristy's ground plan. This serves as a preliminary study for the the part II which makes a perspective-analysis of the whole compositional structure of the Sacristy. The principal conclusions of the part II are, [1] The perspective ratio (1 : 1/2 : 1/3) of the whole structure of the Sacristy, defined by the author in a narrow sense as a numerical relation applied in the architect's perspective design method, was strictly clarified. The ratio unifies in three-dimension the two-dimensional ratio (1 : 1/2) clarified in the previous analysis of the ground plan. [2] Simple 'standardized' architectural form, the "element-form" of composition was analysed. The perspective ratio means a quantitative relation of the formally unvariable "element-form", which represents theoretically the 'space unity'. The "element-form", composed of a pair of orders and a round arch, is defined by exact numerical, or proportional, relationship. [3] A kind of calculation, the "figurative calculation" named provisionally by the author, was analysed. All possible (needed) "composition-forms", 'standardized form' in Benevolo's sense, are by the calculation produced. "Composition-forms" represent and compose the actual spaces.
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HIROSHI AIKAWA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
149-155
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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"De architectura libri decem" of Vitruvius was translated in Japanese by Dr. K. Morita, also Alberti's "De re aedificatoria" I have translated in Japanese. On the architectural main concepts of these two theories, I applied a new analyzing system of three-dimension figure : of axes theoretical, imaginative and practical, any axis of which has superordinate concept and subordinate one. Dr. Morita had classified the famous six concepts of Vitruvius in three groups. These groups I applied to three axes. So that in the Vitruvius' theory, the theoretical axis has ordinatio (super.)-symmetria (sub.); imaginative axis has dispositio-eurythmia; and practical axis has decor-distributio. In the Alberti's theory, theoretical axis : concinnitasratio; imaginative axis : ordo-dignitas; practical axis : commoditas-necessitas & firmitas. By the comparative analysis of Vitruvius' and Alberti's, it has been definitely shon, that Alberti's superordinate concept of the theoretical axis : concinnitas was more limited than Vitruvius' same concept : ordinatio, and the former had a tendency to the visual sense of beauty. On the other hand, some Alberti's concepts : lineamentum, finitio, numerus and collocatio are situeted on the theoretical axis. Because these concepts related to methodical category in creative process of beauty.
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SUSUMU HYUGA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 318 Pages
156-165
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper concerns the design composition of Kyoto's townhouses before the great fire of the Temmei Period (1788). From my investigations of old drawings, there is little difference between the present day existing townhouses and its predecessors. However, in the older structures, the formations of guest spaces were not fully developed, the ceilings were lower and other differences can be found.
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 318 Pages
App2-
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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