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Article type: Cover
1981Volume 305 Pages
Cover1-
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1981Volume 305 Pages
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Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Index
1981Volume 305 Pages
Toc1-
Published: July 30, 1981
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Article type: Appendix
1981Volume 305 Pages
App1-
Published: July 30, 1981
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KOICHI KISHITANI, SEIICHI OKA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
1-8
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The authors conduct a series of experiments measuring the resistances met by a sphere in motion at various constant speeds in cement paste and mortar, and calculate their rheological constants. We conclude as follows. 1) The flow curves of cement paste and mortar are generally approximated with Bingham flow. 2) The rheological constants can be calculated by the following equation. [numerical formula] 3) The yield value and plastic viscosity of cement paste are larger, the smaller the water-cement ratio. 4) When the AE agent is added, the yield value and plastic viscosity of cement paste increase. On the other hand, with the addition of AE reducer, the yield value increases, but the plastic viscosity decreases. As a result, it is possible to decrease its apparent viscosity. 5) The yield value and plastic viscosity of mortar are larger, the smaller the water-cement ratio and larger the volume concentration of sand. 6) With the addition of AE agent, the yield value of mortar does not decrease, when the volume of sand in the system is small. AE water reducer also shows similar results. 7) There is a close correlation between the flow test and the yield value. In general, the value of the flow test is smaller, the larger the yield value.
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JUN SAKAMOTO, YOSHIRO KOHAMA, YUKIO OMIYA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
9-16
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Continued from the preceding paper [I]. Statistical analysis of steel column strength and LRFD format are discussed. Analytical results by semi-probabilistic approach (first-order second-moment method) are compared with available test data. Statistical estimation based on performance function of column strength and second-moment method gives reasonable informations. Characteristic strength curves of rolled and welded H-shape columns and resistance factors for LRFD format are represented. In the last section beam-column design criterion are briefly discussed.
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TAKUJI KOBORI, KAORU KUSAKABE, SHIGERU SETOGAWA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
17-28
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is experimentally to estimate the Dynamical Ground Compliance (DGC) on a stiff soil ground and to compare the experimental result with the theoretical one. Vibration tests on four kinds of square foundations excited by an eccentric-mass vibrator have been conducted. Each model has parameters of dimension of the foundation (L : length, H : height) and shear wave velocity (V_s) on the surface of medium, namely, parameters for XA-foundation are L=4m, H=2m and V_s≒600m/sec, and those for X, Y, and Z-foundation are respectively, L=2, 3, 4m, H=0.35, 0.58, 0.70m and V_s≒250m/sec for each one. DGC in the experiment is calculated from both the response of the amplitude and one of the phase at the top of each foundation. The experimental DGC is compared with the theoretical one, and is discussed in some detail. The summeries of test results are as follows : (1) DGC in the experiment agrees roughly with one in the theory on general tendency. (2) Equivalent shear wave velocity on the test by the vibrator seems to be an important parameter to change dimentional DGC into non-dimensional one. (3) Authors propose the new approach to examine DGC in the test by the vibrator when models have various parameters of the shear wave velocity and dimension of the foundation.
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KAZUO INOUE, MASAHIRO NAGATA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
29-40
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Energy balance equation during catastrophic earthquake can be written as follows based on the energy concept introduced by G. W. Housner, that is, [numerical formula] where M_T : Total mass of frame S_V : Pseudo velocity response spectrum E^G : Work done by gravity load during earthquake E^e : Internal work of overall frame Each term of this equation can be expressed as a function of required seismic load under the assumption that the plastic drift occurs only in one direction. Therefore, seismic design load represented by the ultimate base shear coefficient and the shear force distribution coefficient is obtained analyticaly from energy balance equation. This paper mainly deals with the ultimate base shear coefficient (C_<Bu>) required for the frames which result in the beam and brace yield type sway collapse mechanism. The significant aspects of analytical results are summarized in the following : 1. Internal work of overall frame is in proportion to the square of the number of story. Consequently, as the number of story increases, required value of C_<Bu> falls hyperbolically. 2. C_<Bu> is affected directly by the plastic deformability of frame, while it is hardly affected by the weight and the shape of frames except for the the number of story. 3. C_<Bu> of braced frames is smaller than that of unbraced frames about 10-20%.
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MOTOOMI OGATA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
41-50
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The basic fatigue mechanism of reinforced concrete beams, which have the bars with a point of stress concentration, are showed by experiments and a theoretical analysis. The experiments are made by beams with a single steel bar and 3 steel bars. The analysis is done by the application of linear cumulative damage law. The results are as follows 1) The fatigue crack from a point of stress concentration at a bar of the beam spread to the other bars, accompanying stress redistribution. Concequently, the stress of the bar with initial crack decreases and the stress of the other bars increases. For that reason, the fatigue life of the beam becomes longer than that supposed by the experimental results of a bar. 2) The bars in the beam are loaded by changing stress range because of the stress redistribution between bars. The fatigue life of the material under changing stress range can be derived from linear cumulative damage law. Applying that law, the fatigue life of the beam is obtained as the life until all bars in the beam are fractured by the changing stress range.
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KAZUO SUZUKI, YOSHITERU OHNO
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
51-57
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous paper (part-1), proposed equations to calculate simply and accurately the crack width of partially prestressed concrete flexural members are induced and examined showing the good agreement with experimental data. For the availability of practical use of partially prestressed concrete members for which crack control is to be made in its structural design, the crack width of designed section should be calculated more easily and quickly. This paper describes on the process to the calculation charts of crack width from equations given in the previous paper (part-1) and on the method how to use it. One useful example of method to determine easily the stress of reicforcing steel which is need in the calculation of crack width is also shown herein. The calculation charts are divided into three parts-the first one is on the average crack spacing (l_<av>), the second one is on the average change in strain in reinforcing steel (⊿ε_<s・av>) and the third one is on the product of l_<av> and ⊿ε_<s・av>. With the value of the stress of reinforcing steel, we can determine the crack width of designed section very quickly by those charts with almost the same accuracy compared to the value by proposed equations.
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Takayuki SHIMAZU
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
58-67
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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KAZUO KONDOH
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
68-78
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Various plane Finite Element models for 2D stress analysis have been proposed until now, but their solutions don't have clear meaning in collapse state. Also, 'Rigid-Body-Spring-Model' recently proposed by T. Kawai et al. gives the dangerous value that is called the upper bound solution in Limit Analysis. In this paper, a new plane model is proposed. This model is a non-comforming displacement model and it exactly satisfies both equibrium condition. and mechanical boundary condition. As lower bound conditions in Limit Analysis are these conditions and plastic condition, by using increment method and satisfying plastic condition, it is verified that the solutions by this model are conservative. Also, its elastic solutions can be dependable by mode check for convergence condition and numerical convergence test. Therefore, it can be said that this model combines Finite Element Method and Analysis. From the results of numerical analyses, it can be concluded that this model plays important roles to bind material non-linear analysis by Finite Element Method to Limit Analysis.
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TAKUJI KOBORI, TSUYOSHI TACHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
79-87
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes the dynamic characteristics of two-dimensional rigid structure embeded in a perfectly elastic layer over a half-space by investigating the numerical results about the analytical solutions of the governing equations on the soil-structure interaction system subjected to base rock motion. The out line will be described in the following items bellow : 1. Both the sway and the rotational spring constants nearly equal to zero or to infinity at the resonance frequency of one-dimensional rotational wave or dilational one which is vertically propagating in the layer, respectively. 2. The dynamical wave pressure which operates on the basement wall subjected to horizontal base rock motion nearly equals to infinity at the resonance frequency of both rotational wave and dilatational one. 3. If the structure with small aspect ratio is pertinently buried in the layer medium, the rotational response of it can be been minimum.
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KAZUNOBU SAGARA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
88-96
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper suggests a way of extending Two-Equation-Model for isotropic turbulent flows to a model for nonisotropic turbulent flows due to gravitational influence. In this model Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux are given with algebraical equations consisting of the term including eddy kinematic viscosity or eddy diffusivity given by Two-Equation-Model and the buoyant term induced from the transport equations of Reynolds stress and turblent heat flux on the assumption that production and dissipation rates are equilibrium. The transitional change of temperature distribution in the heat storage tank is calculated when high temperature water flow from upper entrance into the tank filled with low temperature water at first and this results seems satisfactorrily close to with the experimental results. The calculated results, however, does not agree closely with real flows on condition that the stratification is formed with very strong temperature gradient. It is supposed because the basic equations are induced on the assumption that the flow is sufficiently turbulent and to some extent this model can cope with that condition by changing the coefficient value in order to reduce the vertical turbulent heat flux.
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YOSHIMI URANO, TOSHIYUKI WATANABE
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
97-111
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamic behaviour of room air and surface temperatures when (a) the system parameters are time dependent, (b) the radiant heat exchange between interior surfaces or the multi-space heat transfer has to be considered and (c) the modern optimal control theory is applied to these control systems. State variable vector is applicable to solve these problems. In this paper, the mathematical modeling of the multi-layer heat transfer system is described and the accuracy of its approximate transfer functions is discussed in detail by using vector locus of the frequency response. The summaries are as follows : 1) Various aspects to analyze the multi-layer heat transfer system are investigated. They are; (a) basic equation describing the system, (b) analytical domain and (c) state space concept. 2) Sensitivities of the heat flux response at the surface of a concrete wall against the air temperature exitation are examined to the parameter variation. Heat flux at the surface is very sensitive to the variation of the exited-side film conductance. 3) The frequency responses of several transfer functions models are compared with the exact one by using vector locus. An approximate transfer functions model is proposed to describe the heat flux response at the surface of multi-layer slabs against the surface temperature exitation. This model is based on the approximate 2-P chain matrix of each layer. 4) This model is applied to various kinds of multi-layer walls and roofs. Sufficient results can be obtained.
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NAOSHI KAKITSUBA, AKIRA YOSHIDA, HIDEAKI NAKAYAMA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
112-121
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to determine quantitatively heat exchange between human skin surface and thermal environment in a hyperbaric helium environment In a hyperbaric helium environment the rate of convective heat loss changes by substitution of helium for nitrogen, for example, the rate of convective heat loss by the respiration becomes significant heat loss path, on the other hand, evaporative capacity decreases by reduction of mass diffusivity for water to gas with barometric pressure. Data on the thermal environment of a hyperbaric helium environment was obtained from a series of experiments which were carried out at the Japan Marine Science & Technology Center, in 1977 to 1978. We discussed these experimental results, in comparison with the previous results. Results of this research are as follows; 1) A comfort temperature increases with barometric pressure. 2) Convective heat transfer coefficient, ambient gas movement in 0.1m/s〜0.3m/s, increasees with barometric pressure. 3) The clothing insulation decrease with barometric pressure. 4) The clothing permeation efficiency factor decreases slightly with barometric pressure.
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TOSHIO OJIMA, RYUHEI EMMAN, JOJI IISAKA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
122-130
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this research is to clarify the relation between urban micro climate and a urban space stucture which is constituted by ground/building surface materials and roughness with remote sensing technique. In this paper we have attempted to classify urban spaces and make the classification maps of TOKYO by LANDSAT (earth resource technology satellite) data, after some investgations of remote sensing data on urbanised area. Some of conclusions are : 1. The pattern of ground/building surface materials and roughness can be guessed by LANDSAT data through urban canyon's shadow effect. 2. Remote sensing technique of LANDSAT data can classify urban spaces into 8 types, that is, water surface, bare soil land, forest, grass land, low storie's urban district, low storie's/dense urban district, mid-high rised urban district, high rised urban district. 3. Buildings' average number of story, coverage and volume ratio to 500m mesh can be roughly guessed by a space classification map. 4. Density of high rised buildings' area in TOKYO is increasing along principal roads and around terminal stations, while urbanised area is spreading out toward suburban.
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JOJI ABE
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
131-136
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It is important for detached houses in suburbs to have enough sunshine. The aim of this paper is to set a minimum expected level of sunshine for detached houses. Accordingly, in two housing estates of Miyazaki, I selected houses in which the occupants claimed to have eceived enough sunshine and performed an inquiry, checking the solar conditions, and computing the duration of sunshine and the amount of solar radiation received. Comparing these results, the following level was determined. On the day of the winter solstice, 0.5m above floor level, every room had four hours of sunshine between 9 : 00 and 15 : 00 hours and the living rooms had three hours of sunshine between 10 : 00 and 14 : 00 hours.
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Hidehiko Tanimura
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
137-146
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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KENGO OSABE
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
147-153
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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When a man experiences some particular thing, he will develop a kind of understanding of the thing in his mind. If such an experience is not gained conceptually, the understanding is quite subjective and does not have objective universality, as in the case of aesthetic experince. It is possible, however, that one may have the same experience as another person has experienced before and both have a similar understanding of it. Let me call such experiences "Re-experience (Nacherleben)", and I will further define the creative part of this "Re-experience" as "Re-creation (Nachschaffen)". To accept an architectural work as culture means the re-experience and then re-creation of a concrete individual work. In other words, it is to follow the process of the creation of that work. It is to reveal the life man who has accepted or contemplate it and to make that life flame. So, we could say this acceptance will lead to another new creation. As the principle of creation lies in the relation between a man and his work, so lies that of re-creation between a work and an accepter. Therefore, in re-creation the subjecthood of the accepter plays an important part as the subjecthood of re-creation itself. On the completion of a work, it leaves the artistic hands of the creator, that is, revealing the originality of its own and of course still reflecting the character of the creator's subjecthood, the work begins to exist in the subjecthood of the accepter. When we consider the principle of re-creation as above mentioned, we can clearly understand the substance of architecture and we might be able to find here a guiding principle for the kind of building we should aim to realize in future.
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YOSHIHISA SAWANOBORI
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
154-160
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study on the space of Tantric Buddhism in ancient Japan, is one of the attempts to clear the charactor and the construction of the space of Tantric Buddhism by researching its architecture and its ceremony. There were various ceremonies in Tantric Buddhism, but among them Kanjyo-ceremony is taken up for the subject of this report. Kanjyo-ceremony is one of the most fundamental and important secret ceremonies in Tantric Buddhism. And the most charactoristic space of Tantric Buddhism is considered to be constructed in the ceremony. Kanjyo-ceremony was celebrated in two cases, one was Kechien-Kanjyo, which was celebrated for general people being converted into Tantric Buddhism, and the other was Denpo-Kanjyo, which was celebrated when a monk who had served out his apprenticeship is promoted to Ajyari. Kanjyo-ceremony is constructed of two parts. One is Sanmayakai and the other is Kanjyo. And the construction of each part has some different points between Kechien-Kanjyo and Denpo-Kanjyo. On the other hand, Kanjyo-ceremony had, in principle, its own hall, Kanjyo-do, especially in Kechien-Kanjyo. So the influencial temples of Tantric Buddhism in ancient Japan had their own Kanjyo-do. This report, Part 1 deals with the space of Kanjyo-do known by ancient literature.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
161-
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981Volume 305 Pages
162-163
Published: July 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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