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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 345 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1984
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 345 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984 Volume 345 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984 Volume 345 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984 Volume 345 Pages
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MAMORU KIMURA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
1-8
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Structural design usually does not treat torsional analysis, hence there exist no practical evaluation method of tosional effect. It is attempted to propose a practical method of evaluating torsional effect, making use of ordinary bending moments, shear forces and bending deflections. A set of approximate equations were derived from the stiffeness ratio of the St. Venant's torsion to the Wagner's torsion. Numerical examples were compared with some experimental results, and the proposed method was proved to give practically good prediction of torsional behavior of structural memberes.
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TETSURO ONO, TERUYOSHI SAKAGUCHI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
9-17
Published: November 30, 1984
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The objectives of this paper are to understand the plastic behavior of cold formed members and to establish the evaluating method of deformation capacity and ultimate strength for the antiseismic design of these steel structures. In the course of this reserch, a total of 25 specimens of cold formed steel beams and 8 specimens of these protal frames including of the braced frame are tested. The test parameters of beam specimens are the shapes of cross section, slenderness ratio and moment distributions. The parameters of frame tests are the cross section of colum members, the details of connection and the boundary condition of base. Experimental results are discussed comparing with that of the heavy steel members and frames. On the cold formed steel members, the ultimate strength can not exceed full plastic moment M_p and local bucking occures at the early stage. The critical buckling stress are not over the yield stress point. From the above reasons, the deformation angle θ_y at the yield moment M_y are introduced for the base evaluated value. The load deflection capacities enough to insure the safety of structures on the antiseismic design. On these structures, the stiffness of connections have not bad effects on deformation capacity. Finally, from these experimental results, the new evaluated method of deformation capacity and ultimate strength for the antiseismic design of these steel structures that have large wide-thickness ratio are proposed.
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, TAKESHI OHKUMA, TETSURO TAMURA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
18-29
Published: November 30, 1984
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This paper is presented for the purpose of clarifying how the various kinds of terrain effect on the turbulent structures of the wind flow. In accordance with this purpose, two turbulence models ; i. e. Two-equation (q & ε) model and Subgrid scale model, are transformed into those represented by curvilinear coordinate system, utilizing the numerical solution of Poisson equation. These two methods are used in order to solve the turbulent flow over the two-dimensional bell-shaped hill. The results are compared with those by the wind tunnel measurements, and the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods are discussed.
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S. Tasaka, A. Muto, S. Kato
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
30-40
Published: November 30, 1984
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Nonstationary response of a linear elastic beam subjected to, at its end supports, vertical ground accelerations is considered. The ground accelerations are assumed to be nonstationary Gaussian white noises which may have different spectral densities, different envelope functions and arbitrary arrival time differences. The analysis is based on the mode superposition procedure together with the Markov vector approach by which the exact statistical quantities up to the second order of the beam response are derived. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed for the purpose of not only further applications but an effective usage in our analysis. Comparison of numerical results obtained by these two procedures is made, and the effect of two-point support excitations, with or without arrival time differences, on the nonstationary stochastic response of the beam is discussed.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI, KATSUKI TAKIGUCHI, TETSUMI OKAMOTO, MASAHIRO KATO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
41-49
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study is a series of inverstigations of which the object is to develop a new SRC, [H or cross H shaped high strength steel]-[concrete]-[hoop reinforcements] composite, in which longitudinal reinforcements are not used. The nominal strength of the steel plate used in the specimens was 80kg/mm^2. The specimens were cross shaped frames, of which the beams were steel and the columns were SRC. Experimental parameters were the thickness of the steel web panel and the constant axial load. In this paper, the test results are expressed, and the calculating method of the approximate strength of SRC is proposed. Through the investigations, the following conclusions were obtained. (1) In spite of the ratio of panel strength to column strength, load-deflection curves were stable. (2) Notwithstanding the combination of [high strength steel]+[concrete], the steel column could display its own capacity owing to the effect of restraint by hoops. (3) Nearly all hoops in the panel were yielded. That is to say, all hoops effectively resisted shearing force. (4) Calculated values of the ultimate strength of SRC panels by the proposed method were neary equal to the test results.
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CHIAKI MATSUI, TAKASHI YOSHIZUMI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
50-60
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Mild steel portal frame specimens are tested under the constant vertical and monotonic alternating horizontal loads, in order to clarify the influence of the local buckling on inelastic behavior of steel frames. The frame specimens are assembled by welding from H-shape columns and a rolled H-shape beam. As the experimental parameters, width-to-thickness ratio of the flange and web of column cross section and axial load of column. Twenty six specimens are tested. Load carring capacity and deformation capacity are investigated, and it is shown that experimental behavior of the locally buckling frames is well predicted by the analysis based on the plastic hinge method in which the decrease of the full plastic moment of the cross section due to the local buckling is taken into consideration.
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GENGO MATSUI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
61-69
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Flat slabs are usually supported by rows of columns distributed at the vertices of a square. In this study several manners of column arrangements in the flat slab structure are compared. Comparison is made by means of the total bending moment M, which is obtained by Eq.1. For this purpose the slab is divided into two areas : the portion of the plate around the column (A in Fig.2) and the middle portion surrounded by the boundaries of the others. Considering the former as the circular plate leads to the the solution M_1 (Eq.3). For the latter M_2 (Eq.4) is obtained. In Figs. 4, 6, 8 the lines indicating M_2=0 are found in fairly good agreement with the boundaries of the portion A. The total bending moment M, provided by M_1+M_2, along the diagonal line of the slab is shown in Fig.5, in which the results given by the membrane experiment (Phot.1) and the finite element method are also presented. For various column arrangements at the vertices of regular triangle and hexagon etc., the total bending moments, M_1+M_2, are obtained in the same fashion. From the above discussion it is advised that the flat slab structures should have column arrangements with small middle portions.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI, MAMORU KIMURA, TOSHIYUKI OGAWA, HIDETOSHI ITOH, SHINIC ...
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
70-78
Published: November 30, 1984
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The concrete-filled steel tubular columns are expected to have many excellent features. Among these, we expected the effect of multiplication that the fullfilled concrete prevents the local buckling of the column walls as well as they restrain the concrete like the hoop reinforcements. This results in the excellent improvement of the stiffness, ultimate strength and deformation capacity of the columns. In this paper, these effects are explained from the experiments of the stub-columns and subassemblages where the column width-to-wall thickness ratio is chosen as an experimental parameter. It is noted that these multiplication effects are evidently recognized as the width-to-thickness ratio becomes large.
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MAKOTO KOUDA, AKIRA ENAMI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
79-91
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The loads on piles are frequently a combination of vertical and horizontal loads resulting in inclined resultant loads. The lateral bearing capacity of piles is infulenced significantly by this inclined loads. So it is necessary to evaluate the passive-earth-pressure of piles considered the friction between the pile surface and the soil for calculating ultimate latelal resistance of piles subjected to inclined loads. Extensive theoretical studies have been carried out on single vertical piles subjected to horizontal loads. However, to date there does not appear to be any theoretical analysis on vertical and batter piles subjected to inclined loading in various soil condition. The first part of this paper deals with the passive-earth-pressure of vertical and batter piles considered the friction between pile surface and soil.
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HIROSHI YOSHINO, FUSAO HASEGAWA, KOUJI SAWADA, YOSHIMI ISHIKAWA, SHINI ...
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
92-103
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The thermal performance and occupant's behavior of about 1000 detached houses in Tohoku city area and also in Sapporo and Tokyo as references were investigated in winter of 1982 by means of questionnaire and liquidcrystal thermometers. The regional characteristics of such thermal performance and occupant's behavior of houses was analysed by a multi-variate analysis method. The results are shown as follows : 1. It was found that the cities of Tohoku area could be divided into three groups from the view point of thermal performance and occupant's behavior. Aomori and Akita were comparatively similar to Sapporo. Miyako, Fukushima and Iwaki were almost equal to Tokyo. 2. Among many factors of thermal performance and occupant's behavior, the room temperature, hours of heating, heating apparatuses, oil consumption, etc. were different between above three groups. In Aomori and Akita, the living room temperature is higher, the hours of heating is longer and oil consumption is greater than the other groups. In Miyako, Fukushima and Iwaki, the opposite characteristics was found. In the other cities, such factors were distributed between each house. On the other hand, there were little difference in performance level of thermal insulation and air-tightness between three groups, except that only in Aomori, windows usually were furnished with double glazings. 3. Average air temperature in living room of all houses during heating time after supper was 17.9℃. Average living room temperature is more than 20℃ in Sapporo, Aomori and Akita, and was less than 18℃ in Miyako, Fukushima and Iwaki. Especially the living room temperature in Fukushima is as low as 14.9℃.
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CHIKAAKI UEDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
104-114
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is an arrangement of the proceeding reports obtained as the result of a series of tests carried out from 1975 to 1979, in order to comprehend the wooden house vibration properties and to find out an effective vibration reduction countermeasure meeting the Enviromental Agency recommendation. In 1.1, the author explains the source vibration properties for the frequency character of ground vibration and for the distribution of vibration level; 1.2, the author comments on the countermeasures for vibration reduction due to running train. In 2.1, the author explains the investigation method and results of 15 houses and 39 rooms to realize the actual wooden house vibration; 2.2, the author explains 7 conditions for a general application to the wooden houses along the railway and 5 items and 12 methods, for vibration reduction test execution; 2.3 is the outline and result of the test house experiments. Part 3 is the establishment of vibration-reduction work standard and its effect affirmation test at actual 3 houses.
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HIDETAKA UNO, SATOSHI KOSE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
115-121
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Every previous literature points out that stair use requires a lot of energy, and that gentle stairs are desirable from the viewpoint of work load. However, such a requirement is in conflict with the condition of present domestic stair dimensions because it is usually steeper stairs that dwellings have because only a narrow space is available. In this report, the relationship between stair dimensions and rate of energy expenditure was investigated in order to decide a maximum allowable pitch for domestic stairs. Three experimental stairs were used to produce various dimensional combination of tread going and riser height; three subjects climbed up and down the stairs, and their heart rate was used as a measure of the energy requirements. Its relationship with the oxygen consumption was established in advance by treadmill walking test. A continuous climbing-up of a high rise office building also provided data on the change of heart rate during stair use. A careful examination of obtained data suggests no definite maximum pitch for domestic stairs; the hypothesis that there exists a limit of allowable pitch from energy expenditure is applicable only to public ones where a walking speed is imposed by other users. Present study gives a conclusion that other factors such as safety or usability determine necessary dimensions for domestic stairs.
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MASAO AOKI, TERUKAZU TAKESHITA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
122-130
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to verify the rightfulness of the planning guide shown before, by examining how to use the babies' room to which has been applied it actually. The results of this fourth paper are summerized as follows; 1. It is verified that the case of the room with "a spare space" "A spare space" means such a waiting room as is indispensable to carry out the nursing conversion smoothly. satisfying the nursing conversions is more advanced than that of the room without it from the viewpoint of the care by the nurse staffs for the babies' activities. 2. It is very important how to secure a playing zone in a babies' room. The comparatively better way, judging from the point of the care at the nursing conversions, is to plan a babies' room so that not a dining space but a sleeping space and "a spare space" can be used as a playing zone. 3. When a babies' room is planned through the application of the planning guide shown before, nurse staffs should not take care of decided babies but any babies who come into the decided zone, that is, they should not take "man-to-man nurse charge system" but "zone nurse charge system". Because the former way makes them feel more fatigue physically than the latter.
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NOBUKO MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
131-139
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In residential district of the metropolitan area, it has teudeucy to raise the rate of aged people. It is the purpose of my study to find the method for forming a balanced resideutial district, through understanding the actual condition on aging, their living arrangemeut process up to the preseut and the tenure of dwelling houses and lands. The summary of findings and ploblems in residential district of Yamanote area is as follows : (1) The living arrangement was related to the tenure of dwelling houses and lands. (2) The living arrangement was related to total floor area. (3) The dwelling condition on aging was classified 5 types that it was based on living arrangement and dwelling condition. Neary 70 percent of aged people living there for long time lived in the same house with the young family. If they have a space in reserve, their houses may be renew or alteration and they may be realize a plan that they live with the young family. Although there is some risk of there being a densely built-up district, it is possible that the balanced residential district is succed to the future. As against on the houses living a household of aged people, the maintenance capacity will be down. Therefore they may be overage one, or they may be subdivided into minute lots.
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SHIRO AOKI, YUKINOBU WADA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
140-150
Published: November 30, 1984
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This paper makes clear characterlstics of zones which are organized by urbanization. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The major facter which characterizes municipalities (cities, towns, and villages) is urbanization. It's a dynamic transion of region that unequal development of industries causes difference of regional economies, thus densely inhabited area is organized by concentration of population to economically superior region. (2) Accessbility to metropolice and locating in trafic network are main reasons to create 2 zones; namely metropolitan zone and provincial zone. (3) In metropolitan zone, urbanization of manicipality is not determined by its population but accessbility to metropolice. Thus homogeneously urbanized region is organized. (4) In provincial zone, urbanization of municipality is proportioned to its population (5) In regional planning, we must pay attention to characteristics of municipality which are regulated by zone.
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JUNICHI YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
151-157
Published: November 30, 1984
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The chief-carpenters who were controlled by Nakai family were forming their own class of carpenters, during the kanbun period. In this paper I am proving the following two points. 1) During the kanbun period, one hundred and twenty-five chief-carperters were under the controlled of the Nakai family. 2) They were organized in the following hyrarchy : [graph]
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HIDEKAZU SHIRAI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
158-166
Published: November 30, 1984
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SATOSHI KAWABE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
167-174
Published: November 30, 1984
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This is a part of studies about Eclecticism in American architectural history. In this paper, I studied about trades' professions. Amateur architect of 18th century of America, which I had reported as "Eclecticism study 2" before, consists of two kinds of professions, gentlemen and trades. On Eclecticism study 2, 'Studies about Amateur Architects', I studied a point of the names of persons who had called as amateur, so the studies had mainly been practiced on a side of persons. In addition to the name I had studied their personal and professional works. It is the purpose of this paper that about those trades amateurs, we know the abilities and possibilities about architectural and building works. The out line of this paper will be abstracted in the following items below : 1) General concept of trade; Various kinds of architectural trades, means of professional, and comparing the word, professional with amateur. 2) Outlines of architectural trades; Builder, Carver, Masonry, Cabinet-maker, Joiner, Carpenter, Wood-worker. 3) Interrelationship on architectural trades' name; Master and Architect, Carpenter, Joiner, and Cabinet-maker.
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TOSHIO KIMURA, KOICHI YAMADA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
175-182
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In Spring 1863, the Tokugawa Shogunate projected to construct the Sekihoto (the stone fortress) at Cape Wada of Hyogo, and completed in about the end of 1866. We have not discussed much that either the construction of the Sekihoto introduced Western technique or it depended on Japanese troditional technique. In this report, I mainly examine the method and the construction from the record about the Sekihoto, and examine further the technique in the time when the Sekihoto was constructed
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S. KAKUGYO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
183-188
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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IWAO SAKAMOTO, KATSUYOSHI TSUBAKI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
189-198
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is concerned with a direction of front rooms of a main house in villages located in a flat. The superior orientation of a front rooms in each village is different from the condition of location. In villages standing along a sea side, the superior orientation is almost southerly through all Okinawa. In villages not standing along a sea side, it is from southerly to westerly, southerly in Okinawa Main Island district and Yaeyama district, westerly in Miyako district. Others besides superior orientation are classified into three, right direction, left direction and rear direction. There are seven facors to be three directions, 1). process of building up a village-right and left, 2) convention-right, 3) size of structure of a main house-right, 4) condition of a land abutting road-right, left and rear, 5) form of a land-right, left and rear, 6) main road horizontally lying-rear, and 7) sea locating in the east of a village-right. Among seven factors, the fourth is most superior to three directions.
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SEIZO UCHIDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
199-206
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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During the entire period of Taisho and the beginning of Showa era, the campaign for housing improvement occupied one of the most important positions in the process of developing modern houses. This paper clarifies the feature including the established epoch and procedure of the organization, "Jutakukairyo-kai", which played a dominant role in this movement. The outline of this paper is indicated as follows.
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HAJIME SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
207-217
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In Germany, from 19th to 20th century, there is a nationalistic movement like Heimatschutz movement which is one form of a "Progerssive Attitude" in a less advanced country. In this progressive mood, Muthesius investigated English house-type and wrote "Das englische Haus" to enlighten Gereman artists and architects. This house-type is a functional, practical, domestic, rural and friendly type of the day. And it is a national art which English people made their tradition evolved successively, and was born from fruits of English houses designed by excellent artists or architects for cultured clients. Following that, he proposed a theme to typfy a design to be acknowledged internationally, at the convention of Deutscher Werkbund in 1914. Thus, Muthesius's type is a cultural concept, and we can find that accordingly, it developed from an individual-cultural type to an universal-cultural type. There are many people who think that, Muthesius's concept of typification developed the Modern Architecture. But it is not right. The type which developed the Modern Architecture was not continuous with traditions (cultural), but a civilizational type-I will discuss it in the next paper-which is revolutionarily born from a social trend which aim at indusrialization.
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MASAHITO YASUOKA, HIDEKI TACHIBANA, HIROSHI TANAKA, AKIHIRO TAMURA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
218-225
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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As the residential form in Japan, traditional wooden houses are most popular because of their suitabilities to the climate. However, the weakness in sound insulation property against outdoor noises come from their structural nature are the most serious problem. So, in this study, some experimental investigations using a test house have been carried out to find out the way of improving the sound insulation properties of wooden houses, and method of rating the sound insulation characteristics of walls, windows and so on for road traffic noise have been basically considered.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
226-228
Published: November 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 345 Pages
228-230
Published: November 30, 1984
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 345 Pages
App1-
Published: November 30, 1984
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 345 Pages
Cover3-
Published: November 30, 1984
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