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Article type: Cover
1959 Volume 62 Pages
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Published: July 20, 1959
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Article type: Index
1959 Volume 62 Pages
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Article type: Index
1959 Volume 62 Pages
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Yoshio Kosaka
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
1-4
Published: July 20, 1959
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In this paper, the theoretical explanation on the phenomenon which the compressive strength of concrete specimen varies with the ratio of hight to width of specimen is attempted with application of the simple theory of plasticity. The value of the compressive strength of the test specimen is calculated with the component of stress on the osculating plane of the specimen and the loading plate, at the time when the plastic zone is connected in the specimen, and the specimen become unsteady state as a whole. The analysis of the plastic stress is done as the statically determined plane plastic strain problem. Consequently, it was found that the quantative explanation of such a phenomenon of compressive failure of concrete specimen was possible, if the analysis by means of the yield criterion of cycloid-type was applied.
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Junnosuke Fujii
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
5-10
Published: July 20, 1959
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This paper discussed on some effects of autocraving on cement mortar, and dealed primarily with test results obtained with 11 different cement and 11 silica aggregates. In these tests involving as many as 3000 specimens, writter aimed to obtaine most effective condition on time-temperature relation of autoclaving and suitable mixing ratio of cement mortar. The following conclusions may be drawn from the results of these investigation. 1. A. Tests shows that autoclaving of neat cement products are not sutable. B. But, in the tests on cement-silica mortar products, autclaving shows remarkable effects on strength and dimentional stability of them. Esepcially, high calcareous or low C_4AF type cements shows good results. C. Some tests used by slag cement show good effects 5hr autoclaving at 180℃, and these studies suggested that this type of cement are possible to shorten the curing period. 2. A. Suitable quality of silicareous aggregate are shown that, chemical composition of silica are to be 90% and more, and also its fineness are to be about 4000cm^2/gr (by blain value) B. In autoclaring of mortar, using by these aggregates high strength obtained from 30 to 50% mixing ratio (by weight) 3. A. Volume change of specimen after cure, generally shows the tendency of shrinkage. And quite a few specimen had expanded, but it's properties are not better than shrang's. B. The dynamic young's modulus of specimens cured at 150℃ is smaller than same strength one curedat 180℃. 4. Autoclaring process shows the remarkable effects on curing of cement products at the point of mechanical physical properties and also properties of long age.
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Shizuo Ban, Hiroshi Muguruma
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
11-19
Published: July 20, 1959
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Decrease of initial prestress in prestressed concrete members is caused by the creep and shrinkage of concrete with the lapse of time after initial prestress is transferred. So, the actual plastic deformation in concrete section can be considered as the shrinkage and the creep of concrete under the action of both constant and time-variable stresses. From this concept, the general solutions on loss in initial prestress were derived in simplified form, which can be applied to the any type of prestressed section with many layers of prestressing tendons as well as with or without additional reinforcement. Additionally, the prestress loss under the action of both prestressing force and design loads was discussed for applying the general solutions presented here to the estimation of prestress loss in statically indeterminate prestressed members. An example was also worked out to demonstrate that the accurate estimation of prestress loss can be done from the Authors' equations.
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Yoshitsura Yokoo, Osamu Matsuoka, Yoshitsura Nakamura
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
20-24
Published: July 20, 1959
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Takeshi Okamoto
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
25-31
Published: July 20, 1959
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A practical solution is derived on the following assumptions for an isotropic cylindrical shell roof which has stiffening ribs either in the transverse direction or in the axial direction, or in the both directions. (1) Poisson's ratio is assumed to be zero. (2) The eccentricity of the stiffening rib is assumed as negligible. (3) The radial shear is assumed as negligible in the differential equation of equilibrium for the transverse sectional forces acting on the shell's infinitesimal elements. The characteristic values in this approximation are given by Equation (16) in the text, and the sectional forces and the displacements are given by Equations (27) and (28) respectively. The characteristic values are determined only by the parameter √<Rt/l>(R=radius, t=thickness and l=longitudinal span), the axial extensional rigidity ratio d_x=D_x/D_<xφ> and the transverse flexing rigidity ration k_φK_φ/K_<xφ>. Consider an isotropic cylindrical shell having the exactly same characteristic values as an anisotropic cylindrical shell. This isotropic shell is called the equivalent isotropic cylindrical shell of the anisotropic cylindrical shell. The radius, thickness and longitudinal span of the anisotropic shell are represented by R, t, l and those of the equivalent shell by R_0, t_0, l_0. If the radius and the central angle of the equivalent shell are, taken as the same as those of the anisotropic shell, and 1/k_φ is neglected in comparison to 1 because k_φ is very large, the characteristic equation of the anisotropic shell is equal to that of the isotropic shell. This can be seen by Equation (29) in the text. Then the dimensions of the equivalent isotropic shell can be given by the following equation. [numerical formula] Now the relation expressed in Equation (37) in the text is possible between the sectional forces and the displacements of the anisotropic shell and those of the isotropic shell. This makes it possible to find out the sectional forces and the displacements of the anisotropic cylindrical shell by just obtaining those of the equivalent shell without taking the trouble of finding a solution for the anisotropic cylindrical shell which are subjected to the edge loads. With this method followed, and if use is made of the numerical tables relevant to isotropic shells already published, it should be a simple procedure to perform the numerical calculations for the sectional forces and the displacements of any anisotropic cylindrical shell. In Equation (37), (F) represents the edge loads of the isotropic shell and [F]_i is given by Equation (36).
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Sukenobu Tani
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
32-39
Published: July 20, 1959
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This paper presents a solution for the lateral force distribution in bracings arranged continuously or dispersely in three dimentional many storied framed structures using the method of stress-controlled calculation including parallel transformation and rotation together. We can find easily a solution for the lateral force distribution in elastic or plastic bracings arranged continuously or dispersely in three dimentional many storied structures using the method. This paper also describes a comparison between the solution for the lateral force distribution in elastic bracings arranged continously or dispersely in a model frame using the method of stress-controlled calculation and the result for the lateral force distribution in the bracings measured by the test of the model frame.
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Koichiro Yamada
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
40-46
Published: July 20, 1959
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In this paper which is the continuation of the studies written by the author in Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan (No. 59, June 1958 and No. 60, Oct. 1958), the author deals with theoretically the lateral force distribution among the frames of the transverse direction, the shearing force distribution among the columns of rigid frames of the longitudinal direction and the torsional moment distributions among the columns and the walls of the transverse direction, which are caused by the deformation and rotation of slab when the lateral forces such as seismic forces act upon the unsymmetrical one-storied structure of which the walls provided with at the one end in the transverse direction, without in the longitudinal direction. The conclusions obtained from this analysis are as follows. 1) The displacement of slab becomes larger in far part from the wall of the transverse direction than in near the one and the lateral force distribution among the rigid frames of the transverse direction is proportional to this displacement, and the rigid frame situated in the farthest part from the wall carries the maximum lateral force of which the magnitude becomes often larger than the seismic force of the floor area supported by a rigid frame. This fact is mainly caused by the deformation and rotation of the slab and, especially, when the shape of the slab is not slender in the longitudinal direction the effect due to the rotation of slab is larger, on the other hand, when the shape of the slab is slender the effect due to the deformation of slab becomes larger. 2) The frame resistances of columns in the longitudinal direction have effect on the restraint of the rotation of slab and the effect, when the shape of slab is not slender in the longitudinal direction, is more remarkable, besides, the effect becomes larger in far part from the wall of the transverse direction than in near the one. And the frame resistances of columns has little effect on the restraint of the deformation of slab. Therefore, the shorter the longitudinal length of slab and the longer the transverse length of one are, the larger the shearing forces of longitudinal direction carried by the columns become, especially, the shearing force carried by a outside column often becomes about 40% of the seismic force of the floor area supported by a column. 3) Torsional resistances of the columns and wall of the transverse direction have little effect on the restraints of the rotation and deformation of the slab and the shearing stress caused by the torsion in each section of the column and wall is always smaller than the allowable stress of concrete. 4) The method of lateral force distribution based on the principle, that a slab is perfectly rigid and the rotation of slab is considered, can be accepted in the structural design of the one-storied structure mentioned above. where the longitudinal direction: the direction perpendicular to the direction of action of the lateral forces the transverse direction: the direction of action of the lateral forces
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Yoichi Higashi
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
47-52
Published: July 20, 1959
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Two types of the single fourier series solution on the bending of the plate with adjacent edges clamped and the other two edges free when the lather corner is either perfectly free or simplay supported are obtained by means of the fourier transformations. Numerical values are given for uniformly loaded square plates and the two types of solutions-the sine series solution and the modified cosine series solution-are compared with each other as to their convergencies.
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Sadaaki Ogiso, Heizo Saito, Hinata Matsuo
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
53-58
Published: July 20, 1959
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The solar radiation has much contribution to the heating or cooling load of the air conditioning system and other purposes. At the load calculation, it is necessery to know the daily change of radiant energy on the horizontal and vertical surfaces, in both the monthly or seasonal average value and the instantaneous maximum value. But in Japan we have not enough data of those values. The measurements of solar radiation were begun at Tokyo Univ. in Feb. 1959 and now are going on. The contents and the apparatus employed are as followings:- (1) The total radiations on a horizontal surface and four vertical surfaces facing East, West, South and North, with Eppley pyrheliometers. [Fig. 2・1] In the white painted box, about 40cm square in base and 30cm in height, five pyrheliometers are set. To prevent the ground reflexions, a black painted wire netting of about 2m square is drawn around the box. (2) The direct solar radiation at normal incidence with a new designed pyrheliometer which moves round following the sun. Its element is the Gorczinsky's thermo piles. [Fig. 2・2] Photos show the cylindrical body in which a synchronous motor and gears are equipped, and the rotating pyrheliometer at the top of the body. Usually a hemispherical glass, about 45cm in diameter, is used for weather proof. (3) The horizontal diffused sky radiation with a Eppley pyrheliometer and a shading ring. [Fig. 2・3] The ring, 100cm in diameter, is made of vinyl tube, 8cm in diameter. The Eppley pyrheliometer can move on the rail as the change of declination. Some examples of self recorded charts of the potentiometer are shown in [Fig. 3・1]. [Fig. 3・2] is the average daily variation curves in Feb. and Mar. 1959 on each surface. After having got at least a year's records, the whole analysis will be done.
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Koichiro Kimura, Ken-ichi Kimura
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
59-64
Published: July 20, 1959
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This paper describes the research on the mathematical analysis to give the amount of transmitted solar radiation energy through louvers and glass into the room, by applying the theory of non-steady state heat transfer to the thermal distribution within the section of the louvers the upper surface of which is irradiated by the sun, and by considering the effects of the mutual radiation and reflection in a certain thermal system as the combination of the louvers, the glass and the adjoining air. Authours investigated the general solution in the form of Fourier's series and the numerical one using the equation of the relaxation treatment. As for the former, by solving the simultaneous equations, regarding the heat balance equations at the upper and lower surfaces of louvers and the outer surface of the glass as the boundary conditions, the temperature of each surface variant with the time is expressed as the function of various factors. Then the heat transmitted by temperature difference between the outer surface of the glass and the room is added to the direct and diffuse solar radiation transmitted through the glass section which is to be computed in usual way. Thus the total heat gain from the glass surface is obtained as the Fourier's series, if the outdoor temperature and the amount of solar radiation are expressed in the Fourier's series. As for the latter, by using the circulating equation shown as the eq. (28) with the similar boundary conditions, the temperature at each surface and the several points of internal section of louvers are obtained at every Δt hour, and the total amount of heat gain obtained by this method is also expressed as the respective value at every Δt hour, if the outdoor temperature and the amount of solar radiation are given at the corresponding Δt hour. Finally, the one example as the application of the latter method is shown in Table 2 and Fig. 6 about the horizontal louvers attached on the south surface of window, with the result that the heat gain involving the effects of the mutual radiation is 1.16〜1.18 times as much as the instantaneous rate of heat transmission from outdoor to indoor through the glass section.
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Fusao Hasegawa
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
65-73
Published: July 20, 1959
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In the last report, I described how to obtain the Laplace transforms of temperature and heat flow at any layer-boundary in multi-layer plain wall, of which the temperature at each boundary (or fluid temperature) or, and heat production at some boundary are given, and initial temperature is zero. And I shew the results for general case. In this report, it is shown that the solutions for the following two cases are gained in the same type as the last one, by assuming imaginary heat flow _<μ-1>w_μ(s), _μw_<μ+1>(s) produced at boundaries (μ-1, μ) and (μ, μ+1), suitable for each condition. (a) the case when heat W_μ(x, t) is produced in the μ layer. (b) the case when initial temperature distribution f_μ(x, t) is to be considered. Laplace transforms of temperature and heat flow in any layer are given in general forms. Fathermore, I show the way of convers transformation for gaining temperature and heat flow in any layer in the function of time (t). Several examples are shown at the end of this report.
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Ichiro Tomo
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
74-78
Published: July 20, 1959
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This paper is limited to fundamental findings the vertical distribution of wind direction in the room from an experimental study on the cross ventilation through windows with eaves or pivot windows. The results are as follows: 1) The wind direction after windows without fittings is led upward by eaves. And the larger the eaves extends, and the steeper the eaves slopes, the more upward the wind direction after windows slopes. (See Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) 2) The wind direction after pivot windows is nearly according to angle of revolution of fittings.
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Takashi Shoda, Shigeru Goto, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
79-85
Published: July 20, 1959
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The sound attenuation characteristics of the box type sound attenuators for air outlet units which are used in the high velocity air duct systems, were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The box type sound attenuators are considered as the acoustic filters with expansion-chambers and bends. In this paper, the effects of sectional shape of the boxes and of outlet size and position on attenuation are discussed. 1. In the case of the large aspect ratio of the section of the box, a practical limitation of the application of the theory was investigated. When the long side of section of the box was greater than the length of the sound waves, the theoretical values of attenuation did not agree with the observed magnitude. The inlet and outlet were located at the centers of the opposit walls of the box. 2. The equation is presented for the attenuation characteristics of the expansion-chamber attenuators with different inlet and outlet areas. The measurements were made for the boxes with various sizes of outlets and a constant inlet area. The theoretical attenuation showed fair agreement with that of observed. 3. When the inlet and outlet are located at adjacent walls of the box respectively, the position of outlet affect the attenuation characteristics of the box type attenuator. If the outlet locates at the far end from the inlet, the attenuation characteristics will be the same as that of the box having inlet and outlet in series at the opposit walls, and if the outlet locates nearest to the inlet, the attenuation by resonance will take place. When the outlet located between those distances, the attenuation characteristics will be represented by combination of both of the expansion-chamber and of the resonator. Best attenuation was obtained, when the outlet located at the center of side wall.
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Uichi Inouye
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
86-93
Published: July 20, 1959
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The author have presented a numerical solution for dynamic behabior of water particles in air washer, and this study was conducted to find macroscopic thermal performance of air washer. The equations of motion (12)〜(14) are solved by procedure showing in table 4. using method of Lapple and Shepferd. Fig. 3, 4 and 5 shows the trajectory of water drops having diameter of 100, 500, 700μ, respectively. A, B, C… in these figure are direction of water drops at spray nozzle (fig. 2). These trajectories are summarized into 3 dimensional equation (38).
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Masao Taguchi
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
94-98
Published: July 20, 1959
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In recent years, all sick childrens are separate from the adults wards and to be admitted to the children's ward. We selected these type children's wards from the three General Hospitals (Japan Red-Cross Hospital, National the Second Hospital, Hiroo Public Hospital of Tokyo City) and we had investigated the annual distribution of childrens illness type, age groups, and care types of age class, etc. At the result, the following matters were proved. 1. In the illness type of age groups, majority of infants class are medical category, and preschool group are balance at the category of medical and surgical, and school child group are surgical of about 60% of this group. 2. Distribution of age group were infant 27% preschool 35% school child 38% (1957.1-1957.12 Hiroo Pub. Hospital) 3. Illness of Medicine of the infant were mainly respiratory, and Surgical case of the school children were orthopedic, especially fracture case. 4. Upper matters show that the children's ward should be accommodate the control of cross-infection, specially infant's ward planning and the design for orthopedic patient. 5. "Playing" are a important problem of the children's ward, and the domestic nursing cares of "the Under Fives" are difficul problem, they will be key for solution of the children's ward planning.
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Kichiemon Kawana, Hideo Koma, Harushige Kubo
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
99-104
Published: July 20, 1959
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The authers studied the car park around the 12 large buildings in the C.B.D. of the Osaka City. In this survey, the selected buildings have sufficient spaces around them, and their parking demands are satisfied now. Judged from the parking conditions, there are distinct differences of parking conditions between the visitor's car and the officer's car. Each building shall be forced, therefore, to provide an amount of on-site space which will be consisted of garages for its officer and car parks for visitor to it. These spaces shall be required proportional to its needs, which will depend upon their floor space and type of use.
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Shunsuke Ishihara, Manabu Tazima, Hirokuni Taniguchi
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
105-114
Published: July 20, 1959
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We surveyed and analyzed the condition of land uses in 80 neighborhoods which Japan Housing Coorporation is managing in Tokyo, Kanto, Nagoya and Kyusyu, and computed the rate of each land use. Total area which except outside roads, waterways, and unused land from the purchased area, was distinguished between public roads, roads, parks, land for community buildings, land for common utilities, and land for residential buildings. Moreover, park was distinguished between playground and common space; common space between open space, side green, separate green, slope and pond; land for community buildings between land for assembly hall, manazing office, shops, post office, and clinic; land for common utilities between land for water suply, purification tank and gas governer; and land for residential buildings between aproach, building area, and garden. Those areas were measured by the proportion of weight. As a result, the area of each land use in 80 neighborhood is indicated 1st table in this report. Some of those main consequences follow; 1) Gross coverage of building in flat groups is 15.53 per cent. 2) Net coverage of building in terrace groups is 36.7 per cent. 3) Area of roads is relatively greater and road coefficient (length of roads/length of building frontage) is 1.57 in flat groups, but is 2.14 in terrace groups. 4) Although area of playground is 5% of total area, those layout is not sufficient to utilize. 5) In general, common space is 20% of total area in flat groups and 30% in terrace groups. 6) Land for purification tank is 0.27A1/2 (A is total area).
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Kojiro Kamei
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
115-121
Published: July 20, 1959
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1. Research-System: The Author adopted the following system in respect of this study:- (1) Classification Research: The data (Spot-fire data) were classified into following two groups:- a) Distribution of spot-fire occurred under the weather condition that the wind velocity had been more than 15 m/sec. (called A-Group) b) Distribution of spot-fire occurred under the weather condition that the wind velocity had been 15 m/sec. or less. (called B-Group) and the above two groups were diagrammatized respectively. (2) Comparison Research: The above two diagrams were compared with each other and observed the difference between their tendencies of distribution. 2. Results:- From the above research, the Author has found the following facts with regard to each group. A-Group: That the spot-fires have occurred at rather near places to the origin of fires, contrary to wind velocity and that they have been distributed within areas from 10 to 200 meter radius of the respective origin of fires. B-Group: That, contrary to the case of above A-Group, the spot-fires have been distributed comparatively far in distance from the origin of fires and that actually, they have been distributed within areas from 200 to 700 meter radius of the respective origin of fires. N.B.: The following rare exceptions have been found to these results. The result of A group has rarely been found in B group and the result of B group has rarely been found in A Group. 3. Reason: On closer investigation, the Author has found the reason for the results as follows:- A-Group: At the conflagration under the weather condition of such strong wind as its velocity is more than 15 m/sec., leap of sparks, fire-leaves, flying embers and/or brands, smoldering fragments of timbers, etc., do not fly up into the air but they are rather pressed by such strong wind, and fly low in the air closely to ground level. Under such circumstances, it is sometimes observed that massive brands roll on the ground and run in line with the wind direction. B-Group: At the conflagration under the weather condition of the wind velocity 15 m/sec. or less, the various types of leap of fires (as specified in above A-Group) rise and fly up into the air by riding on the ascending aircurrent in the conflagration area and are carried longdistantly to very far places in accordance with the wind direction.
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Sizuo Yokoi
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
122-128
Published: July 20, 1959
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When a fire occures in a room of an after-war-typs reinforced concrete buildings having large windows, flames spurting from the windows of the burning room may easily break panes of the upstair windows and make the fire spread to the upstairs. The study on the minimum distance of the spandrel necessary to prevent such a fire-spread has already been reported. In this paper it is discussed how a concrete, projection attached horizontally to the window against rain and scnshine helps to prevent such a fire-spread. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) On account of this projection, at first flames spurt out far form the window, and then rise along the building just as they would do when the window has no projection. (2) The law of similarity on the trajectory of hot gas spurting from the window has been found in the case where the window has such a projection. (3) Temperature distribution (along its trajectory) of hot gas spurting from the window with this projection lies between those in the following two cases; one is the distribution in the case where there is no wall part nor projection above the window and the other is the one in the case where there is wall part but no projection. The law of similarity on the trajectory has also been found in this temperature distribution. (4) This projection is more effective in the case when the window is long side rectangular than in the other cases. (5) The distance of the spandrel necessary to prevent fire-spread to upstairs when such a projection is attached has been calculated on several examples, which has been compared with the one required when the window has no projection.
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Yoshifumi Nomura
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
129-134
Published: July 20, 1959
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In this transaction, we have treated the "Sasu (Principal rafter) construction" of the south-western islands of Japan, including Osumi, Tokara, Amami and Loo-choo islands. The roof constructions of these islands are able to bs divided into 4 characteristic types, corresponding to the 4 types of the dwelling houses of this area. They are: 1) Sakishima type. The Sakishima islands are situated at the southern-most of Loo-choo. The roof construction of this district is "Nakabashira (central-post) construction", and not Sasu-construction, showing peculiarity among Japanese dwelling houses. 2) Okinawa type. From Okinawa to the southern parts of the Amami, a kind of Sasu construction is predominated. It is very simple and far from the perfect Sasu construction. It is supposed that this type was brought forth from the Nakabashira construction, being influenced from Sasu construction of the north province. 3) Amami type. This type is nearer to the perfect Sasu construction. From Tokunoshima to Oshima main island, we can find the construction of this type. 4) Hondo type. This is the perfect Sasu construction of the main Japan, including Kyushu proper. In Osumi, this type can be found. From architectural and geographical investigations, we can conclude that the Sasu construction of these islands was introduced from north, namely from Kyushu proper, and its prototype is Nakabashira construction.
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Mitsuo Inoue
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
135-142
Published: July 20, 1959
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Among buildings, which belong to Shintoism, the Haiden (worshipping house) is most characteristic, especially from the viewpoint of theory of architectural space. Most Shinto-shrines of the recent ages, except for very small ones, has necessarily its Haiden, which stands at the forecourt of shrine itself and is used for the place of priests or worshippers. But the origin of Haiden has been obscure hitherto. So, I traced it. The oldest document which used the word "Haiden" is the governmential notification concerning Shinto-buildings dated A.D. 771. But that the notification should be a forgery is decisive today. When we eliminate it from the problem, we can scarcely find out any Haiden on documents from ninth to eleventh century. We find, however, the word "Raiden" (saluting house) instead of it. I cite ten examples of Raiden, and eight of them belonged to Shinto-shrines and two belonged to Buddhist tombs. Functions of the Raiden seem to be same as that of Haiden, and, furthermore, as that of the "Raido" (saluting hall) which was frequently attached to Buddhist temples of contemporary and antecedent periods. And, generally, Shinto-shrines which possessed Raidens had been strongly influenced by Buddhism. So, I presume that the Raiden in Shintoism was a transperence from Raido in Buddhism. We find the word "Haiden", for the first time, on a document of the end of eleventh century. And I cite seventeen examples of Haiden from documents of twelfth century, and, thereafter, the word has been used more frequently as everybody knows. The word Haiden of twelfth century, concerning some of above examples, was new name for old Raiden. But it was, concerning other examples, another name of "Maidono" (dance house), which had been a pavillion with no wall standing independently at the forecourt of the Shinto-shrine since about ninth century. Growth and supplanting of another name "Haiden" were, surely, caused by popularization of indoor rites in Shintoism. So, we can conclude that the Haiden came into existence consisting of two antecedents, e.i. the Raiden and the Maidono, about in eleventh or twelfth century.
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Akira Naitou
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
143-151
Published: July 20, 1959
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There were many systhems of modular co-ordination about the building of military class in the Edo period. They were "Den'okushu (a part of Shoumiyou)", "Buke-hinagata", "Buke-Denkakutatejiwari", "Daiku-hinagata-taizen". "Den'okushu" was written by Heinouchi-seishin", who took service with a chief (called "Daitouryou") at the department of building construction in the Edo shogunate. Many buildings of the Edo shogunate were co-ordinated by the module of "Den'okushu". The buildings in the Edo castle were the same. "Shiroshoin" was the standard scale in there. Then, I recognized the practical process at the modular co-ordination of "Den'okushu" in "Shiroshoin". Conclusion: "Shiroshoin" was constructed by two measurment. One was "element measurment". The other was "space measurment". "Element measurment" obeyed the modular system of "Den'okushu", but "space measurment" was not. This was the design of Koura-Wakasa, Shiroshoin's architect. So, "Shiroshoin" was co-ordinated the module of "Den'okushu". At the same time, Koura-Wakasa designed creatively.
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Kiyoshi Hirai
Article type: Article
1959 Volume 62 Pages
152-157
Published: July 20, 1959
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In Edo period, there was a building called "Tunegoten" in the Kyoto Imperial Palace. Emperor, Empress, Ex-emperor or Ex-empress had been used to live in this building. And this "Tunegoten" was one of the main buildings in the Imperial Palace or the Ex-emperor's Palace. When the Imperial Palace was build at Tensyo era, at first "Tunegoten" was made in the Imperial Palace. And the plan of this building was square and had 9 rooms. In the view of function, this plan included 3 elements; Imperial audience, dwelling and private meeting. Southern 3 rooms were used for Imperial audience, central 3 rooms for dwelling and northern 3 rooms for private meeting. Then, at the Ex-emperor's Palace, the northern row was often omitted because the Ex-emperor's ・・Tunegoten" was smaller than the Imperial Palace's. Before the Tensyo Era, we could not find the similar plan of "Tunegoten" in this period. During this period, we could find little change in this plan. By these facts, I consider that before the Tensyo era this plan with before-mentioned 3 elements was already completed as the residence of the court nobles except the Imperial Palace. We could find this plan in the main building of the court noble KONOE's at the same time. I regard it as the original form of this plan. As conclusion, I think this plan is the typical plan of the main building in the court noble's at the latter half of th 16th. century.
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Article type: Bibliography
1959 Volume 62 Pages
158-167
Published: July 20, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
JOURNAL
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Article type: Appendix
1959 Volume 62 Pages
168-
Published: July 20, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
