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Article type: Cover
1977 Volume 255 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1977
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Article type: Cover
1977 Volume 255 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977 Volume 255 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1977
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Article type: Index
1977 Volume 255 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977 Volume 255 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1977
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KOICHI KISHITANI, TAKAYUKI HIRAI
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
1-7
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is to follow the previous part 1 in which basic properties of Gypsum were studied. In this paper experimental results and some considerations on the behaviour of cast Gypsum under several conditions of the environment are explained and concluded as follows. When cast Gypsum absorbs water the compressive, tensile, flexture strengths and young's modulus decrcase by considerable rate. Under wet condition the structure of cast Gypsum is destroyed as the age passing. Mixing and curing temperature influences the workability of the mixture and the strength of cast Gypsum. The higher the mixing temperature is, the more the workability of the mixture decreases. When the curing temperature is always over about 40℃, the strength of cast Gypsum clearly decreases. The strength of cast Gypsum made in the season when the monthly average temperature is higher than 18℃ and without controlling temperature, sometimes becomes smaller than intended. Gypsum has many strong points that are better ability on fireprevention, lighter weight for the compressive strength under dry condition and faster increase of strength than other inorganic cementing materials. Then it is possible and effective to use Gypsum as building materials in the form of composite materials expecting strength and durability by protecting from the action of water.
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MICHIO KOIKE, KYOZI TANAKA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
9-16
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Rubber and plastic sheets installed on roofs are subjected to many elements of weathering, such as heat, radiation, moisture, gases and so on. The effect of heat was early recogninzed and discussed that the life of materials decrease according to increase the temperature of them. Many investigations have been reported on the method of estimating the life of electrical materials by thermal aging, based on the theory of chemical reaction rate. It is assumed in these investions that the materials obey a first order reaction rate. Almost the same method is often applied for estimating the degradation of organic building materials such as rubber and plastics in our country, in these days. The authors carried out the test of rubber and plastic sheets for roof covering, based on the theory of chemical reaction rate. Then, it has become clear that the materials do not always obey a first order reaction rate, and that a suitable reaction order for each materials must be determined to estimate the degradation of the material. In this report, the equations expressing the degree of degradation of rubber and plastic sheets foof covering have been developed, considering suitable reaction orders through thermal agins tests at four different temperatures, and calculated values by the equations/ obtained were compared with experimental values.
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YUTAKA MATSUSHIMA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
17-23
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The probabilistic consideration is absolutely necessary for the problem of earthquake response of structures. It is quite difficult, however, to introduce the nonlinearity of the system in the random vibration theory. Notwithstanding some excellent approaches have been recently proposed, and, above all, the Markov vector method which have the possibility of further study may bring the beneficial informations. In this sense this technique is dealt with herein, focussing one's attention on the stationary nonlinear response of a single-degree-of-freedom system subjected to the white random excitation. The discussions have been developed by the following procedure. At first Coulomb damping systems which include such sign functions as previously adopted by Kobori et al. have been investigated, referring to the direct solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation. Next the correspondence of two typical restoring force characteristics of actual structures, namely bi-linear hysteresis and slip hysteresis, to associated Coulomb damping characteristics has been clarified to estimate stationary random responses of such hysteretic systems. Finally thus-obtained solutions have been examined by the simulation analysis. The agreement between theoretical and simulated results has been quite satisfactory as expected.
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TEIZO FUJIWARA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
25-34
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Elastic and inelastic responses of 7-story, single-bay frame structures the restoring force characteristics of which can be expressed in terms of the dynamic characteristics of the elasto-plastic local joints are presented in order to obtain the aseismic design data of structural elements such as columns and girders. The stiffness distribution of the structural members to control, uniformly, the root mean square responses of local ductility ratios due to random excitation is quite different from the distribution obtained from the similar responses with respect to relative displacements in the case of the structure with weak girders. Inelastic local responses of the structure with weak girders seem to be distributed uniformly for different excitations, while the distribution of the responses of the structure with weak columns are rather affected by the characteristics of ground motion. As the plastic deformation of the base column of structures designed by small value of the base shear coefficient tends to be accumulated, the capacity of axial deformation of the column member should be examined carefully and the suitable selection of the base shear coefficient will be recommended to control the plastic behavior in axial deformation.
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KIYOSHI MUTO, TOSHIO KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
35-48
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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TAKUJI KOBORI, YUTAKA INOUE, MASAHIRO KAWANO, YUKINORI MAEDA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
49-58
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The dynamic behavior of a structure during intensive earthquakes is considerably affected by the properties of soil beneath the structure. Then, in the earthquake response analysis of a structure, it is necessary to take account of the interaction effect of soil ground. In this paper, the mathematical model of a ground-structure system is assumed to consist of above-ground, main structure, boundary soil layer and elastic ground. The main structure and the boundary layer have restoring characteristics of a bilinear hysteretic type. Applying a statistically equivalent linearization technique to the nonlinear restoring function, elasto-plastic response characteristics of an interaction system to a white random excitation are presented. It is pointed out that the nonlinear characteristics of soil ground affect largely upon the dynamic response of a main structure and that the interaction effect upon the elasto-plastic response of a structure differs from that on an elastic one.
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MASAKI KATAOKA, YOSHITOMO MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
59-64
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This report is the study on the housing life of the households with the handicapped lived in their owned houses, and continued from the previous report in private rented houses. Main results of this research are as followed : 1. It is remarkable that the households with the handicapped child and the joint household accounts for higher percentage than in the rented house. 2. The handicapped that have low transfer ability of <H> and <B> lying down accounts for higher too. 3. The tendency is showed that the handicapped, husband on working age and house wife specially, make efforts to perform their own part in household. 4. There is a distinctive indication that the handicapped housewives use by means of connecting DK or K with next room as the space to have meals and sit in a happy circle. 5. The private room for the handicapped child is secured almost as he grows older, but the cases of slceping in the same room with their helper, almost his mother, increase in the <H> and <B>. 6. In the joint households, the cases that the nuclear household with the handicapped have influence in family relation are main. In such cases the sleeping room of the hadicapped husband or wife are easy to crowd for common use to have meals, sit in a happy circle and others. 7. Using one room for main house living activities is remarkable, and specially in simple family composed some successfull examples are showed.
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KAORU NISHIKAWA, NOBUO MATSUNAGA, TAKAYOSHI SUGE
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
65-74
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This part of our studies, part 4, is in lay-out plan of the hausing area, the relation between the total building density and sunshine hours, the hight and the depth of building in the enclosur type of right angle. As the results, first in the relation between the derection of the building axis and the total density, the volue of density has a peak at the angle 45°with all site pattern in 3 hours and 2 hours sunshine. Second, the value of total density is 95〜107 percent with 3 hours sunshine and 110〜130 percent with 2 hours sunshine in useful site pattern and in 5 floors building. Third raising the hight of building, the more we cut short sunshine hours, the more the rising rate of total density increase. Fourth as compared with parallel site patterne, the rising rate of density by raising the hight of building is a little. Finally we understand that there is approximate value as far as we can use the scale of building depth.
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NOBUHIRO SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
75-82
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In Vol.1 six images of water were presented as exemplifying the emotional response aroused by the waters of Paley Park and the Basin Court of Generalife, and the structural character of the emotional response of each of these images was examined by means of the observation of the physical character of the water and the existential character of man and water in the space (Paley Park and the Basin Court of Generalife will hereafter be abbreviated as PP and GN respectively).
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KUNIO TAKAMIZAWA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
83-90
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the present paper (part 1) the author has indicated that the main factors involed in the changes of environment are the subdivision of housing sites and the increase in the numbeer of apartment buildings. This paper is largely concerned with the latter. The researches were conducted in several are as along the Tokyu and the Odakyu Lines in Megura and Setagaya Wards during the period between 1974 and 1975. The main themes discussed are 1) analyses of the operational conditions of apartment-building proprietors, 2) analyses of the people living in apartmetn buildings, and 3) analyses of the people living in detached houses. The results obtained may be summarized as follows : (1) The demand and supply of apartment bulldings are wellbalanced in both quality and quantity. (2) In the areas surveyed there is a tendency that the number of apartment buildings may increase in the future. (3) The residential areas surveyed have a feature quite distinct from that of the downtown or suburban areas, as seen from the viewpoint of the occupancy of apartment buildings. Toward the end the author suggests some measures to control the urban renewal process.
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KENJI MITSUYOSHI, MASUO IBA, SATOSHI HAGISHIMA, KATSUMASA YOKOYA, SEIJ ...
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
91-102
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It is the purpose of this paper to analyze elemental causes of the spatial distribution concerning the establishments in Fukuoka City. We use the Method of Hayashi's Quantification Theory 2 to approach this objective and we find the elemental causes of spatial distribution concerning each kind and size of all establishments. Generally, the establishments are inclined tobe generated at places where are easy access of large transport terminals, city office and prefecture office. This tendency is common to all establishments.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
103-108
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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J. Ruskin took quite different point of view on architectural restoration from most of Victorian Gothic Revivalists. In his "Seven Lamps of Architecture" (1849), he declared as follows; Do not let us talk......of restoration. The thing is a Lie from beginning to end. So, when Ruskin was to be awarded the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1874, he refused the honour officially. For him, R.I.B.A. was the official body of professionals which was responsible for the protection of ancient buildings. G.G. Scott, the president of the R.I.B.A. at that time, tried to persuade Ruskin to recieve the Medal. But in this situation, Scott could not do nothing but repeat his old opinion on restoration; restoration might be wrong, but we could also do good restoration. Without giving any appreciation to the president's persuation, Ruskin kept his point of view. These conflict reflected the movement to make a law on conservation of old monuments. But Ruskin was not a political leader to make the law. Ruskin's theory of conservation was based on the imaginative freedom of old buildings form intentional interpretation as a result of restoration. So, his theory did not based on the modern "Wertfreiheit" standing point of view. In spite of that, or, rather for this reason, Ruskin's theory could be appreciated by younger architects who were anxious to obtain freedom of style in designing new buildings.
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KOICHI YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
109-116
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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M. Borissavlievitch est ne a Kragujevac (Serbie) en 1888 et mort a Paris en 1969. Il est venu a Paris a l'age de 28 ans pour faire des recherches de l'esthetique sous la direction de Victor Basch a la Sorbonne. Les recherches pendant dix ans ont produit une these excellente, intitulee <<Les theories de l'architecture, essai critique sur les principales doctorines relatives a l'esthetique>> (Paris, 1926), par laquelle il a pris le diplome de docteur es lettres de la Sorbonne. Il essaie dans la these de critiquer presque toutes les theories relatives a l'esthetique de l'architecture, de l'antiquite au (19)^e siecle, au point de vue de perspectivisme base sur l'optico-physiologique qui est le fondement de son esthetique. Il soutiens la methode scientifique, c'est-a-dire celle de psychologie experimentale, en s'opposant a tous les autres methodes, par exemple celle philosophique, celle geometrique et celle arithmetrique etc.. L'ensemble des resultats de ses recherches se trouve dans son principal ouvrage, <<Traite d'esthetique scientifique de l'architecture>> (Paris, 1954). Ces deux ouvrages susdits sont souvent mentionnes par les chercheurs de la theorie de la proportion, mais ses autres ouvrages et beaucoup d'articles, environs cinquante pieces, qu'il a publies dans plusieurs revues sont presque inconnus. Sa vie n'est pas connue non plus. Cet essai a pour but de montrer la personalite totale de M. Borissavlievitch.
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TETSUO TAMAI
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 255 Pages
117-123
Published: May 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Contents 1. Plan of Machiyashiki and Regional Structure in Yedo Choninchi (Townsmen's Residential District) 2. Structure in Machiyashiki and Uranagaya (Tenement Houses)
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