Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1974 Volume 215 Pages Cover1-
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1974 Volume 215 Pages Cover2-
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1974 Volume 215 Pages Toc1-
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_Toc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1974 Volume 215 Pages App1-
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_App1

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STUDY ON SHRINKAGE CRACK OCCURRENCE IN ARTIFICIAI LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE : Part 2・Shrinkage Crack of Internally Restrained Concrete by Means of Reinforcement

MASAYOSHI KAKIZAKI

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 1-11,95
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_1

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Whereas the aforementioned (Part 1) show investigations concerning the shrinkage crack of concrete structures by means of 2-sides and 4-sids external restraint equipment, Part 2 shows the shrinkage crack of concrete structures with the insertion of reinforcement into the center of a prism concrete, on supposition that a restraint is made due to the bonding with the reinforcement.

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STUDY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN A AGE OF CONCRETE AND SHRINKAGE, CREEP, AND STRENGTH : Study on Mixing Design of Site Concrete Preventing from Cracking Due to Shrinkage and Creep・Part 1

HIROTAKE IKENAGA, HISAJI OSHIMA

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 13-20,95
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_13

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With the recent progress in prefabricated buildings and in prestressed concrete structures, high strength concrete in stiff or stiff plastic consistency have been used in America and Europe, but in Japan, in building construction works, low strength concrete usually have been used in wet consistency. Therefore, it is practically ideal to use the high strength concrete in medium consistency for building construction. This study is carried out for the purpose of determing a proper limit between water cement ratio and unit cement content of high strength concrete cast in site having the strength of 300〜500kg/(cm)^2 at four weeks and slump of 10〜15cm, thus preventing the concrete from cracking due to its drying shrinkage and tensiel creep. In part 1, authors show the theoretical formulae of dry shrinkage, tensile creep coefficient, and compressive strengthe, thinking over many factors of water cement ratio, unit cement content, relative humidity, shape and size of member and loading age.

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NON-LINEAR EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE STUDY ON THE REINFORCED CONCRETE CHIMNEY : Part-1 Model tests and analysis

YUTARO OMOTE, TOSHIKAZU TAKEDA

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 21-32,95
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_21

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ON THE VARIOUS THEORIES OF GENERALIZED CONTINUUM MECHANICS

OSAMU MATSUOKA, TOSHIHIKO IIJIMA

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 33-41,96
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_33

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The purpose of this paper is to explain the relations of the generalized continuum mechanics such as the indeterminate couple-stress theory, the micropolar theory, the micromorphic theory and the micro-structure theory. The conventional cosserat equations defined by vector product give the equilibrium equations for the indeterminate couple-stress theory and the micropolar theory, but not for more general theories such as the micromorphic theory and the micro-structure theory. Therefor, the conventional cosserat equations are rewrite by tensor product, and the meaning of them is expanded. The relations of the generalized continuum mechanics are clarified by using of these cosserat equations. By assuming of the existence of the strain energy function, the relations of stresses in each theories are clarified, and it is shown that the equilibrium equations of the micro-structure theory and these of the micromorphic theory agree precisely.

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APPARENT BRIGHTNESS AND PERCEPTUAL PHENOMENA 1 : Discomfort Glare

ASATO KOBAYASHI

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 43-50,96
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_43

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The paper describes a inquiry of applicable regions of the auther's apparent brightness scales and some of the applications of the scales to the discomfort glare. The summary is as follows; 1. The apparent brightness scales are applicable to wide regions both of luminance and size of object. 2. An apparent brightness of the glare source which produces same degree of discomfort sensation is considered to be constant regardless to the eye adaptation levels, when the apparent size of source ω and the position index P are fixed. 3. A principal cause for the difference of the degree of discomfort due to size of glare source is considered to be a physiological or a psychological effect rather than brightness effect. 4. A "Discomfort Glare Chart" was derived. This chart shows the correlations between apparent brightness and discomfort glare for the eye adapted to 500 asb, and is applicable to the adaptation levels of 200〜500 asb within the 8% errors and of 100〜1000 asb within the 11.5% errors. 5. A glare formul a based to the apparent brightness was deduced, and the correlations between apparent brightness and each of those glare category, value of BCD index M and position index P are described.

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STUDY ON STANDARDIZATION OF SKY LUMINANCE

KATSUZO ITO, HARUYO OHNO

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 51-58,96
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_51

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In lighting design, especially combined design of artificial and natural lighting, standard sky luminance for lighting design must be established. For this purpose, horizontal plain illuminance from 1/4 north sky was measured by automatic recorder continuously for two years from December 1970 to November 1972, in Suita City near Osaka. At the same time, sunshine record was taken using Jordan sunshine recorder to classify the sky condition. The data were investigated and analyzed from the points of solar altitude and sky condition, and the solar altitude-sky illuminance charts are obtained for classified sky conditions respectively. The standard sky illuminance for lighting design must be established on the base of cumulative occurrence rate irrespective of the two factors above mentioned. In this case, the time from 10 to 10 solar altitude was considered as daytime, and the relationship between sky illuminance and cumulative occurrence rate was taken using the whole two years data. From this chart, when 90% range is adoped, the lower and upper value for sky illuminance are 5000 and 50000lx respectively. This upper value is considered some-what two sever, the authors propose the upper value of 80% range, 32000lx, namely 10000cd/m^2 as the actual design value for upper value.

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PLANNING OPTIMIZATION INDICATED BY BUILDING ELEMENT : Part 3 : Plan Evaluation Indicated by the Cost of Building Element

YOSHICHIKA UCHIDA, KIMIYA YAMAMOTO, TAKURO YOSHIDA, HARUO YAMASHITA

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 59-67,97
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_59

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ON THE PROPORTIONAL ALLOTMENT TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF BAYS : A Restorative Study of Module System In The Ancient Japanese Architecture No.2

KUNINOBU ISHII

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 69-76,97
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_69

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We have known the most of the Buddhist architecture have the ratio between the central or longer bay and side or shorter bay. Researching the drawing of the ancient Japanese architecture by actual survey measurements, in regard to the distribution of bays, you'll find that the longer bay has the relation of the inside or outer measurement to the shorter one near by the diameter of columns or the length of daito (capital). For example, in the Kondo of Horyuji West Temple, the inside measurement, from inside face of column or daito to inside face of another one, of the longer bay is nearly equal to the outer measurement, from the outside face of column or daito to the outside face of another one, of the shorter bay of the ground floor. The relation of the longer bay and shorter bay is, in general, represented by "ratio", however, if these bays have the relation of the inside (I) and outer (O), it is not only "ratio" but also "balance". In case of the relation to the balance, subtracted the length of the shorter bay from the length of the longer bay, these bays are alloted proportionally by the balance. In this paper I tried to examine the relation of the columns or daito to the bay for I suppose this balance of each bay is concerned in a module.

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THE STANDARD AND THE PLAN OF SYOSO (THE NATIONAL GRANARIES) IN ANCIENT TIMES : A Study of Syoso Structure. Part two

HIROSHI TOMIYAMA

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 77-83,98
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_77

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Since eight century, the majority of Syoso were granaries for rice. The standard of Syoso designed the capacity more than some unite, so put in order about every 1000 Koku, We found the tendency that scale of Syoso were expaunding with the times. By the dimension of Syoso, which we can see by the ancient documents, I got the average, (length, width, highth, area, volumn, the ratio of length to width, the ratio of highth to width) and separated the structure such as Maruki-kura, Ko-kura, Ita-kura, Oku. So I looked for the differance of the structure. Next I wanted to analyze the rerations between the structures and the roof-materials.

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ON THE RELATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE BUDDIST ARCHITECTURE IN THE MUROMACHI PERIOD. NO.4 : A Study on the Proportional System in the Japanese Traditional Style. (Statistical Analysis of the Specimens. No.14)

TAMOTSU IWATATE

Article type: Article
1974 Volume 215 Pages 85-94,99
Published: January 30, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.215.0_85

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1. In the correlation with L of makito and φ, we can take a close relation and that ratio (L-φ) is very nearely in the Shomei ratio at the 5 bay halls. This correlation of L-φ has a proportional relation. 2. In the correlation with H of Makito-φ, The Shomei ratio has a Valu of H/φ≦0.40 and We can not take a ratio of the Shomei in all over Samples of the 3 or 5 bay halls (at a level of significance 0.001…OK). but, when we take a level of significance 0.01…OK and a equal ratio to the Shomei ratio at the 5 bay halls in the Muromachi period. That is to say, The ratio is H/φ<0.40. The Group of Samples with proportional relation is "A" a group of Samples in a Scutter Diagram of the 3 bay halls. and we can take H=0.34×φin<0.40×φ. 3. In the correlation with the L of Makito and φ, The statistics about a Group of Samples can take a level of significance 0.001…OK in the 3 or 5 bay halls, but the Breadth of Streight line belt is larger than H-φ, therefor the relation H-φ is direct than the relation of L-φ. 4. The ratio in the Shomei at a dimension of rafter-φ is B=0.2×φ_<out>, H=0.24×φ_<out> in the 3 or 5 bay halls. So, taking at the Buddist Temples in Muromachi period, we can take next ratio, ie B≒0.2×φ_<in> (but a level of significance 0.01…OK)…in the 5 bay halls. The item of correlation having a proportional relation is as next in the 3 bay halls. H of rafter=0.26×φ_<out> A…group. B of rafter=0.20×φ_<out>. B of rafter=0.20×φ_<in> (Approximate in proportion) In the 5 bay halls, the nearly Value of Shomei ratio is H of rafter=0.24×φ_<in>. 5. The location of the Group having the proportion and the shomei ratio is a tendency as next, ie the 3 bay halls having the ratio B/φ=0.20 is located at the Kinki District and West, the 5 bay halls having the ratio H/φ_<in>=0.24 is located at the Kinki District and towards East. 6. In the correlation with φ-building Area in the Muromachi period, we can take a closer relation to φ_<out>-building Area than φ_<in>-building Area. This tendency does not see in former periods. 7. When we make up a group of samples in a Scutter Diagram of φ_<out>-building Area at the 3 bay halls, can take a proportional relation. but, we can see a proportional relation to φ_<in>-a building Area at the 5 bay halls. This tendency is a equal relation in former periods. 8. In the 3 bay halls, the bay correspond to change of a Building Area is a middle bay in front. This pheno menor does not see in former periods. also this middle bay is a closly related with a column (surrounding of aisle). Accordingly, a diameter of column varies in direct proportion to the change of building Area. In the ancient, the bay fixed to a changing building Area was a crosely related with a diameter of column surrounding of aisle. but in the Muromachi period at the 3 bay halls, that tendencyis different. 9. In the 5 bay halls, the most fixed bay to change of a building Area is the 3rd bay towards deep from front. but this tendency is seen in the ancient Architecture. Therefor the 5 bay halls in the Muromachi period has the ancient character. 10. In a alternating correlation with column spacing, the 3〜5 bay halls in the Muromachi period is a closeler related with them in statistics. The altermating correlation with column spacing towards front has a closer related than towards deep. These relations in the Japanese style is equal to the correlation of the Zen Style.

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