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Article type: Cover
1977Volume 258 Pages
Cover1-
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1977Volume 258 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1977Volume 258 Pages
App1-
Published: August 30, 1977
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Article type: Index
1977Volume 258 Pages
Toc1-
Published: August 30, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977Volume 258 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1977
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KOICHI KISHITANI, TAKAYUKI HIRAI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
1-8
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Inorganic cementing materials like Normal Portland Cement and Gypsum are often used in the form of fiber reinforced inorganic composite materials. The fiber reinforcement on inorganic matrices is aimed to improve the tensile strength and the toughness. To develop fiber reinforced inorganic composite materials and utilize them in practical use as building materials, manufacturing technics, fiber properties preferable to the dispersed phase in inorganic matrices and the reinforcing mechanism of the fiber reinforcement need to be researched. Then we carried out some experiments on fiber reinforced inorganic composite materials which consist of Normal Portland Cement or Gypsum as the Matrix phase and several fibers as the dispersed phase. The study on the fiber reinforcement is consist of three parts 5, 6 and 7. In this paper (part 5) the experimental results and the fiber properties which effectively work as the dispersed phase in inorganic matrices are explained and the foundermental fiber reinforcing mechanism on inorganic matrices under tensile stress is indicated. In part 6 a model explaining the tensile fracture mechanism of fiber reinforced inorganic composite materials is suggested and on the basis of this model the theoretical tensile strength of fiber reinforced inorganic composite materials is proposed. In part 7 the theoretical tensile strength is analysed and examined by comparing the experimental data.
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KAZUNOBU HIRAI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
9-17
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper discribes the effects of the rate of cooling factors on the results of freezing and thawing tests. The experimental objects are nine river sand mortars, one standard mortars and three cement pastes, and the rate of cooling factors have six levels from 0.09 to 0.41℃/min. The results obtained are summarized as follows, (1) Resistance of frost mortars are affected greatly by the rate of cooling. (2) On the frost action of mortars, the most effective rate of cooling has a range from 0.15 to 0.2℃/min. (3) On the frost action of cement paste, the smaller the rate of cooling, the larger the frost damage. (4) The variable supercooling of water hypothesis. "The more rapid the freezing speed, the more the supercooling of water". Phenomena of the frost damage of mortar and cement paste specimens are explained by the above hypothesis.
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MICHIO KOIKE, KYOZI TANAKA, TAKASHI TOMIITA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
19-26
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Roofing membranes are often stretched by substrate movement when they are applied on roof decks of less rigidity, for instance, decks which are constructed with prefabricated roof panels, or easily crack. Strains occur in roofing membranes under the condition of being stretched. This paper deals with strains induced in multi-ply membranes by substrate movement based on the theory of elasticity and the relations between the strains and the properties of materials of membranes are discussed.
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HIROSHI NOGUCHI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
27-37
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous paper, Part 1, the discussion has been made about the applicability of the previous analytical models which represent the biaxial stress-strain relations for concrete. It is the purpose of this investigation to develop an analytical model to simulate the bond-slip behavior between the deformed bars and concrete, which is also one of the most fundamental mechanical characteristics of reinforced concrete. The model is designed as follows. The theory of orthotropic materials is applied to the internal crack zone of concrete around the deformed bar and the modulus of elasticity, E_1, nearly at right angles to the internal crack is reduced in company with the shear modulus of elasticity, G_12. Finite element calculations are compared with experimental results for the previous pull out specimens (26, 27). The results are as follows. 1) When the distribution patterns of the internal crack zone are decided by curve fitting the bond stress-slip relations to the experimental data, the analytical results of the load-slip and the load-steel strain distribution relations obtain good agreements with experimental results. 2) About concrete strain around the deformed bar, when the angle of the internal crack is 90°, the analysis in which the width of the internal crack zone is varied along the bar axis gives closer agreement with experimental data than the analysis in which the constant width is assumed. 3) When the angle of the internal crack is 45°, the deformation perpendicular to the bax axis has appeared. This deformation was also observed near the loaded end of the real specimen.
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KOICHIRO ASANO
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
39-45
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A new analytical technique is presented for the assesment of stationary or non-stationary random earthquake responses of a single-degree-of-freedom structural system with poly-linear hysteretic characteristics by extending and making use of the previous analytical procedure developped in Part 1. The availability of this new technique is ascertained by investigating the agreement between the analytical and simulated non-stationary r.m.s. displacement and velocity response processes of a nonlinear system with tri-linear hysteretic characteristics. The following two interesting problems in relation to the substitution of an approximate bi- or tri-linear hysteretic characteristics for an actual poly-linear one are studyed ; i.e., (1) what qualitative and quantitative influences the difference between an actual and approximate hysteretic models have on the random response characteristics and (2) how the slopes in the approximate elasto-plastic hysteretic characteristics should be determined to get the closer random responses of the approximate model to those of the acturl one.
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GI HONG
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
47-52
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In Part II, an approximate solution of the first exceedance time of a specified of ductility are presented. In this paper, a cumulative plastic deformation process defined as the sum of absolute value of individual (positive and negative) plastic deformation, was developed. For elastoplastic structures, new approximate analytical results are presented for the probability distribution of the cumulative plastic deformation, the first exceedance time of a specified level of them, and they are compared with results by the Monte-Carlo technique.
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SADANORI KOBAYASHI, AKIHIKO MIYANO
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
53-62
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper concerns the relation between the distribution of wind velocity near the surface of a wall and its wall roughness and heat transfer characteristics. A test plate which formed part of a wind tunnel apparatus was used. To make clear the relation between wall roughness and heat transfer coefficient, we attached a fin-like projection to a test plate and examined the distribution of wind velocity, the turbulent intensity and the heat transfer characteristics. We also examined them when the projection is not used, and compared the former values with the latter. The experimental results show 1) that the heat transfer coefficint on the surface of a building wall is influenced by the distribution of wind velocity and the distribution of turbulent intensity, 2) that when a projection is attached to the surface of a wall, three regions, separated, reattached and redevelopment ones, are formed neat the surface of the wall behind the projection, and the heat transfer coefficient indicates different values in these regions, 3) that when a projection is attached to the surface of a wall, the maximum value is found in the reattached region and is 1.5 times as large as that of a wall without the projection.
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TOHRU MOCHIDA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
63-69
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A general equation to give mean convective heat transfer coefficient for the human body was theoretically derived based on the heat balance between man and his environment. The equation is weighted with the local convective heat transfer coefficients and the area ratios of the human skin. Under hot and high air velocity conditions, with the above equation derived and Hilpert's equation of forced convective heat transfer, eighteen centimeter was obtained by the reverse calculation as the diameter of a man-equivalent cylinder from the standpoint of heat transmission. Further, by applying Oosthuizen-Madan's equation which considers both natural and forced convective heat transfer at the same time to the cylinder with eighteen centimeter in diameter, an equation of convective heat transfer coefficient for the human body was proposed and compared with the values of the convective coefficients by earlier workers. A radiative heat transfer coefficient and a radiant temperature with new concepts were derived by extending Gebhart's absorption factor method on radiant heat exchange and by applying it to the space between the human body and the surrounding walls and by linearizing from the so-called raising to the fourth power radiation law. The new radiative heat transfer coefficient is consisted of the emissivity of the human body surface, Stefan-Boltzmann's constant and the temperature factor. On the other hand, the new mean radiant temperature is weighted with the absorption factors between the human body and the surrounding walls.
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AKIHIKO WATANABE, YUZO TAKIZAWA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
71-81
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The Analysis of the architectural problems of a school for mentally retarded children by building element, rooms, contents of each problems from teachers'point of view. Moreover, Quantative Comparison of the situation and point of the problems, and at the same time Making the chack-list for Planning. 1. Aim of this study 2. Time and Method of the investigation 3. Analytic method 4. Difference of the number of problem by each schools and construction age 5. Pointing number per school by building department, element, and each problems 6. Situation of problems from each details by element and rooms 7. List of the problems by rooms, element, and each details 8. Situation of the problem from the conetructional ratio of the points of the problems 9. Analysis of contents of main problem by building element, and each details
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MASAKI KATAOKA, YOSHITOMO MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
83-92
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is the last report of the series studies on the house planning for the households with the handicapped. Contents are : 1. reconstruction or ingeniousness in their houses, and 2. the case studies of the livings that are seen in the typical houses and specially as the household with the handicapped. At the result of this series studies, we propose the several guides on the house planning for them.
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YUICHIRO NAKA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
93-102
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this study is elusidation of the mechanism and naure of complicated passenger flow. As a first step of the study, in this treatise, the mechanism of cross flow is investigated by observation at a concourse of a commuting train station in Tokyo and by study on a mechanism model on the other hand. The main results found out are as follows. (1) Basic mechanism In crowded cross flow, passengers form groups gathering by common destination. (2) Territories of groups The territories of groups of both flow form a sort of striped pattern in turn. The stripes has the inclination relating to the crossing angle of the flows. And, that inclination acts an important part for the smoothness of mutual crossing of two flows. (3) Velocity of flows It can be said that there is no difference between the velocity of two flowsunws unless there is wide difference between them in population in the crossing. (4) Density and total flow rate. It is possible that in everyday condition, the population density may rise to 1.5 (person/m^2). And, density of 3.0 is also possible temporally and partially. The total flow rate of two flows in the crossing can reach nearly the maximum of the flow rate of one direction flow.
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MAMORU OSADA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
103-112
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Today the phenomenon called conurbation is becoming dominant as a new phase of urbanization, especially, in the large metropolitan regions. Under such circumstances each city is losing its functional self-sufficiency and being incorpolated in a large urban complex as one part of the whole. In such a continuous urbanized area the city seems to have its own tendency of functional specialization under its constraints, while the entire region as a whole is losing its rather static one central nucleus structure. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, to analyse the functional differentiation taking place in the Kanto resion, that is, a Metropolis of Tokyo and 6 surrounding prefectures which consist of 118 cities (in 1969), focusing on their employment patterns and employing mainly the next two measurements, location quotient and index of surplus workers of cities which have been developed in the field of economic geography. This paper consists of two sections. This is the part I which mainly discusses the dominant specialized urban activities and their locational patterns in the region derived from a factor analysis of employment patterns.
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MOTOO ANDO
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
113-122
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Areas where houses and factories are mixed are typical of the established urban districts in question. For firstly, the 2 issues are complexed and concentrated ; (1) Local public nuisance made by factories and cars are impacting the enviroment. (2) And the housing is over-densely inhabited and damaged. Secondarily these mixed land use areas take up 25〜30% of urban districts in metropolitan areas. The purpose of studying these mixed land use areas where work and dwelling are compounded is to understand the urban structure and to improve the environmental quality in these districts. There are 3 methods of explaining the structure of these districts; (1) The environmental conditions in the concentrated industrial districts are seen as a factor of the production's social division of labor and the organizational structure of the industrial (parent industry and subsidiary) complex. (2) A detailed analysis of how the managerial level can improve the factory environment. (3) Where industry and housing are inseparated but adjacent area. Factries pervasive enviromental influences that an industrial areas impacts onto the surrounding residential neighborhoods.
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SABRO HORIUCHI, MASAMI KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
123-129
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The object of this study is to establish an evaluation method of a city planning for fire protection, and to find out key parameters which affect the safety of inhabitants in case of many fires at a time in an earthquake. A simulation model is devised to compute the fire safety, premising the following two points. 1) Random sampling of a position where a fire breaks out. 2) Evacuation based on a simple and instinctive action in emergencies. Because of this characteristics, the states of fire spreading and evacuation are simulated separately and the safety of inhabitants is judged by the overlapping state of their outputs. As a result of this study, we could get the following three items. 1) The fire safety of inhabitants can be caluculated by the equation of A=T_1/(T_1+T_2), where A is probability of fire safety, T_1 is mean fire spreading time of a sample district and T_2 is mean evacuation time of the inhabitants, and this is formulated in the earlier paper. The appropriateness of this equation is ascertained by the close mutral relation between the theoretical safety calculated by the above equation and the safety computed by this simulation. 2) The order of most significant parameters which affect the safety is as follows. 1. Starting time of escape. 2. Fire spreading velocity. 3. Number of fire outbreaks. 3) Dividing a district into blocks by fire resistive buildings is an effective countermeasure to protect people from the danger of fire spreading, and its effect is prominent when people are late to escape and a fire spreads very rapidly owing to a strong wind.
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WATARU SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
131-139
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The architecture of Jiju-den in the Heian-Dairi rebuilt in the middle and late Heian period has been examined in Part 1. Part 2 examines Jiju-den in the early Heian period. 1) The plan of Jiju-den before the first destruction by the fire in 960 is supposed to have been well followed by those rebuilt in 961, 1100 and 1157. It may be said that from these we can know much about the original form of Jiju-den used as a building for the Emperor's private life, for Jiju-den in the late Heian period had extremely residential type of constructions in its interior space. 2) In Part 1 the present writer has shown the inferred plan of Jiju-den in the Heian-Dairi in the late Heian period. In that plan it is supposed that the central large room, 3 ken in keta-yuki and 4 ken in hari-yuki, in the main building followed the form of Yoru-no-otodo (a bed room for the emperor), contained by Jiju-den in the early Heian period, and that Hi-no-omashi (the emperor's seat in the daytime) would be placed in the next room on the east side to the central room, 2 ken in keta-yuki and 4 ken in hari-yuki, at that time. Of the three small rooms in the west part next to the central large room, the south one, 2 ken in keta-yuki and 1 ken in hari-yuki is presumed to have been Nenju-no-ma in which Sei-kannon, the principal image of Kannon-ku, was enshrined. The 2 ken square room on the north of it might probably have been used as Emperor's private room, or Tsune-no-gosho, like Fujitsubo-no-ue of Seiryo-den in the Heian-Dairi. Probably the Emperor would have come into this room when he was served with Kannon-ku. 3) It is supposed that at the beginning of the Heian period the Kita-magobisashi of Jiju-den would have been divided into a few small rooms which were used as Yu-dono (bathroom), Kawaya-dono (rest room), etc, but the Minami-magobisashi, the Higashi-bisashi and Nishi-bisashi would not have been divided into any small rooms.
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TAKAYOSHI SATO
Article type: Article
1977Volume 258 Pages
141-152
Published: August 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This thesis is a further research report on KAMIGATA THFATRE to my previous stady. In this present report the author shows his investigation on how the CHIKUGO school of drama which is the most popular sect among the six typical theatres at DOTOMBORI, OSAKA, has been handed down through the operation of this theatre for generations and also his analysis of the theatre functions and architectural details which might be additional data on research of KAMIGATA theatres since so far very few informations on them are available. Furthermore, the author shows his architectural scheme of restoration of the theatre to its original building design of the Tempo years.
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