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Article type: Cover
1982Volume 321 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982Volume 321 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982Volume 321 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982Volume 321 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1982
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HIDENORI ONO, MUNEKAZU MIYAKI, AKIZUMI KAWATA, MAKOTO YOSHIOKA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
1-8
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Slipperiness is one of the most important performance of building floor from the view point of comfortableness and safety in human action. So, many studies on slipperiness have been takenplace in many countries and many testers for testing the slipperiness were developed, but appropriate method for testing and evaluating the slipperiness have not been established yet. The main reasons are the lack of the scaling of actual slipperiness and of the correlation the slip resistance value obtained by testers to actual slipperiness. In this paper, the newly methodology for studying on the slipperiness of building floors was presented precisely. And the actual slipperiness were scaled by means of the sensory test. Then, it was made clear that three kinds of sensation scales of slipperiness in walking, dashing and stopping were very similer to each other. These results are very useful in this study for developing the slip tester.
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HIDENORI ONO, TAKAMASA MIKAMI, HIROSHI WATANABE
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
9-16
Published: November 30, 1982
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The purpose of this study is to present the suitable values of the hardness of school gymnasium floors from the viewpoint of safety in exercising and falling. Besides this study is looked upon as a pilot study for considering the methodology of studying the performances of building elements related to human safety. After considering the relationship between the result of questionnaire on the actual safety circumstances of school gymnasium floors and the physical characteristics of floors corresponding to the hardness measured by the pertinent measuring apparatus, following conclusions were obtained. (1) In the case of safety in exercising, clear correlations were estimated between the physical characteristics of floors and the using sense as well as the injury experience. Then the most suitable value of the hardness of school gymnasium floors was presented. On the other hand, in the case of safety in falling, the correlation between the physical characteristics of floors and the injury prediction was recognized, however, the degree of correlation between the physical characteristics and the injury experience was not sufficient. But the possibility of solving the problems was indicated and the upper limit value of the hardness was presented. (2) From the viewpoint of grasping the performances of building elements pertaining to human safety, the method adopted in this study was proved to be effective. Moreover, it was also proved that human sense on safety was available to the studies of safety.
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MAKOTO WATABE, MASANOBU TOHDO
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
17-27
Published: November 30, 1982
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Based on the results obtained in the previous reports (i. e. Part-II) simulated ground motions in three components are actually generated. Two different procedures are proposed; one is to apply random phase angles for each frequency component and the other to apply real phase angles obtained from observed accelerograms. Although results of both procedures are satisfactory, the latter one is concluded to fit better. It may be possible to conclude that the principal purpose of the generation of design earthquake ground motion has been achieven by these series of reports.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI, TOSHIYUKI OGAWA, MASAHIRO KATO, TERUHIKO KURIMOTO
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
28-37
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the buckling strength, deformation capacity and strength inferiority of high-strength steel pipes by stub column tests and non-linear analysis. Pure compression is applied on three series of stub columns, two of them consist of pipes with different yield stress strength and the other consists of pipes which are annealed. The strength characteristics mentioned above are proved to be well explained by the non-dimentional parameter α_c, where α_c=E/σ_<yc>・t/D. Numerical analysis which takes both geometrical and material nonlinearity into account is applied using the axishell finite elements. It is shown that the results obtained by the analysis well explain the experimental test data. It is noted that the annealed pipes may have less strength and deformation capacity than the not-anneled pipes when the radius-thickness ratio is large.
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TOYOJI KOGO, AKIRA KAWASHIMA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
38-48
Published: November 30, 1982
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In this report, the authers propose a kind of finite element method in the piece linear theory of structural analysis, the unknown displacements can be uniquely defined in tern of the relative displacements on the member coordinate axes through eachstep of loading. With the selection of relative displacement, the authers make up the shearing equations by the principle of virtural work and we calculated the plane steel frame which experimented by Dr. Wakabayashi et al. On the basis of the plastic hinge concept, the plastic hinge follow Pragers handening rule to be modified by Ziegler, it is discussed in term of generalized force-displacement expression.
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NOBUYOSHI TOSAKA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
49-55
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper presents a general theory of the new integral equation method for solutions of boundary value problems with an operator form, which are given as some mathematical model in engineering sciences. The method presented herein is based on the inverse formulation of our original boundary value problem and the fundamental solution for the corresponding singular differential equation of a main operator in the governing equation. With this method the boundary value problems are transformed into a set of integral equations which differs from ordinary integral equations or boundary ones. Two integral equation formulations are derived corresponding to the original boundary value problem and its equivalent canonical one. Using the canonical decomposition of a main self-adjoint and positive operator, it is shown that the canonical problem is transformed into a set of coupled integral equations. This approach is useful for problems with the higher order operator. Finally, the discretized expressions of approximate solutions for a set of our integral equations are given by means of a numerical procedure relying on some discretization of not only boundary but also interior regions and making use of the standard manner on the unknowns in F.E.M and B.E.M.
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YUTAKA MATSUSHIMA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
56-61
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper deals with the stationary random response of two-degree-of-freedom systems having bilinear hysteretic restoring force characteristics, when subjected to white noises. The attention is focussed on the effect of mass distribution on expected hysteretic energy absorbed in each story. The other parameters which affect the energy of the lower story normalized by the total energy, ε_1, -stiffness ratio κ, plastic stiffness ratio γ_i and nondimensional input intensify ξ-are fixed respectively on 1, 1/10 and 1/10. The yield shear coefficient ratio, β, which is an additional important parameter, is taken as a variable which lies between 0 and 3. The relation between ε_1 and β is evaluated with the wide range of μ. The empirical formula which represents this relation is formed. The most probable values of parameters, a, b and c which appear in this expression are determined by "iterative substitution method". It is found that this formula is applicable also to the cases already studied where κ has been taken as various values with the constant μ. The effect of μ and κ is quantitatively estimated and investigated from the values of a, b and c. It is proved that the approximate mathematical expression for the optimum yield shear coefficient ratio, β_0, which has been already derived agrees well with digital estimate over the wide range of μ.
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HISASHI SHIMODAIRA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
62-72
Published: November 30, 1982
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Solutions by isoparametric plate bending elements in thin plate situations diverge form the ones predicted by kirchhoff's theory. This phenomenon is known as the locking phenomenon. In this part, the influence of integration schemes of stiffness matrices on the locking is investigated. The elements considered here are three-, four-, six-, eight- and nine-node elements. The numerical integration schemes considered here are exact integration, uniform reduced integration and selective reduced integration. It is theorectically clarified that the condition that transverse shear energy is zero in thin plate situations yields equations of linearly dependent relation for displacement degrees-of-freedom whose number are equal to the rank of transverse shear stiffness matrices and, thus, the condition which must be satisfied to avoid the locking is that transverse shear stiffness matrices are singular. Square plates subjected to a concentrated load at the center are analysed and the rank of transverse shear stiffness matrices, displacements and strain energy are calculated. According to the results obtained, it is shown that in many cases reduced integration introduces singularities in transverse shear stiffness matrices and, therefore, the locking is avoided.
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MOTOHIKO YAMADA, SEISHI YAMADA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
73-81
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this experimental study, three PVC shell specimens were formed by thermovacuum process. They were clamped to steel support rings with synthetic resin. The loading was of the constant deflection type. In this theoretical analysis, Marguerre's non-linear differential equations were used. The out-of-plane equilibrium equation was solved by means of Galerkin's method. Concentrated loads were assumed to be the limit state of distributed loads with infinitely small loading area. The good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is obtained. Concentrated loads develop locally large deflection near the loading points. In the case of a single concentrated load, the present results do not indicate the presence of any buckling phenomena for the deflection less than about ten times as large as the shell thickness. The deflection at any load level is larger as the loading point is nearer the apex. In the case of two-point loads, there exists the minimum value of the distance between these two points for which buckling takes place. The large deflection behavior including the buckling phenomenon varies greatly with the symmetrical geometrical initial imperfection. However, for the deflection less than the shell thickness, the effects of the initial imperfection on the load-deflection process are less important. For the shells under concentrated loads, the design by means of deflection limitation as well as allowable stresses may be recommended.
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KIYOSHI KANETA, HIDEKAZU NISHIZAWA, MASAKI ARASHIYAMA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
82-88
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to evaluate the applicability of two kinds of techniques of the X-ray stress analysis, namely, the standard sin^2ψ method and the newly developed φ-sin^2ψ method, bending tests have been performed. The test results have proved that the values of the stresses measured by means of the mechanical devices and of those measured by the two kinds of the X-ray techniques coincide each other. Then, these two methods have been applied to measure the surface residual stresses of the box-typed, welded steel columns and the following conclusions have been drawn. 1. The principal stress of the surface residural stresses is, in most cases, oriented to the rolled directions at the center of the steel plates, and it tends to rotate in the neighborhood of the heat affected zones. 2. Tensile residual stresses of a large magnitude have been observed in the direction parallel to the beads of the weld, and the moderate compressive residual stresses can be detected in the direction normal to the beads.
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KOJI TOMINAGA, KUNIO YAMAGATA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
89-96
Published: November 30, 1982
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This paper presents the method of elasto-plastic analysis for laterally loaded pile groups. The characteristics of the presented analysis are in the facts that the following two conditions, which have not made clear in previous studies, are introduced in this : 1) The peculiar plastic soil resistances for pile groups are calculated with due regard to the conditions of the arrangement of piles and distance between those, etc. 2) The more realistic boundary condition than that in the employed by poulos, that deflections at pile head in group are equal in all, is assumed. Comparisons between the predicted and observed H_0-y relationships are made. In consequence, the following facts are found out. 1) In case of series two piles, the predicted values show a fairly good agreement with the measured. 2) For parallel two piles, theoretical values depart from the measured values. But, if the effect of arch-action is considered in the analysis, both of those values indicate a reasonable agreement.
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KEIICHI NAKATA, KUNIO YAMAGATA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
97-107
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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To shorten calculating time on settlement of structure, new equations that calculates only the ultimate settlements are introduced. And new equations are used, to examines the factors that influences settlements of structure. Main conclusions are as follows. 1. The influences of piles on settlements of structure are to be decrease both differential settlements and bending moments. 2. By increase the bending rigidity of structures, the differential settlements are decrease but bending moments are increase. 3. The maximum inclination of structures is proportional to the maximum settlement of structures, but the proportional relation between the maximum inclination of structures is uncertain.
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MASANORI SHUKUYA, KEN-ICHI KIMURA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
108-116
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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TOSHINOBU OKU
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
117-124
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate visual characteristics of townscape. Thirty-three observers viewed colour slide projections of various townscapes (fifteen scenes) in several cases of exposure (1/500, 1/250, 1/60, 1/4, 1, free (3〜4) seconds). The observers were asked to sketch what they perceived. The process of visual differentiation of townscape according to increasing time of exposure was deduced from the sketchs. On the basis of the process, the visual characteristics of differentiated elements of townscape were classified into seven classes. The classification was made by aspects of degree of visual differentiation of townscape. Although the same kind of differentiated elements-for example, buildings, trees, roads, billboards, etc, -did not always belong to the same class of visual characteristics, there was correspondance between them on the whole. Then the meanings that differentiated elements belonging to the same class had in townscape, were discussed. If a differentiated element belonged to the class which had a higher degree of visual differentiation, then that element became more important in visual characteristics of townscape.
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HARUYOSHI YAMADA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
125-135
Published: November 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The former research has made us conclude that the investigation and analysis of respective age groups are extremely necessary for the clarification of major latent factors determining the amount of perticipation cultural, athletic, and recreational activities at farm villages. The present paper shows some results of the investigation and analysis of the aged. Following points can be asserted; 1) The aspect of the determining factor in amounts of activities in the aged group differs greatly from the aspects of another groups. 2) Especially, the aged of side-work farmers, mainly depend on agricultural incom, are more negative, and their amounts of various kinds of activities are less. 3) By contraries, it can be concluded that their amounts of activities are in direct proportion to their degrees of affiliation in regional communities. 4) Generally speaking, however, the details of their activities are not extensive, compared to the other groups, who participate in much more various activities.
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JAEWOO RHEE
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
136-145
Published: November 30, 1982
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The purpose of this study is to present the basic ideas necessary for collectivization planning in the improvment of structure of the reorganization of rural village. The following conclusions have been obtained by analytical comparison between the contents of the study of 1972 on the precollectivized rural village "Kokungwon", Kongju-Kun, in Korea and the problems before and after the rural village collectivization, found in the recent spot investigation.
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SEIROKU OTA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
146-154
Published: November 30, 1982
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This is a study on the Jyotomon-tei palace of "Michinaga Fujiwara", the first man of Power in Fujiwara Period.
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OSAMU NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 321 Pages
155-163
Published: November 30, 1982
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This is a study for planning of playgrounds in the rural district. In this dissertation, I report history (changing process) of plays and playgrounds for children after the second world war. I classify changing process in the three types. The three types are decreasing-type, preserving-type and increasing-type. And, I analyse features and causes of them. Then, I find space-conditions to develope play-life. Contents are as follows : 1. Changing process of play-life 2. Changing process of playground 3. Changing process of relation between play and playground.
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Article type: Appendix
1982Volume 321 Pages
App1-
Published: November 30, 1982
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