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Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 330 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1983
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Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 330 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 330 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 330 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 330 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1983
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KOICHI MAEDA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
1-8
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this study, a numerical analysis model to predict the thermal cracking of massive concrete structures is presented. In this model, the mean temperature rise Tm and the internal temperature difference △T are caluculated by Schmidt method. Thermal stress of concrete member is considered as summation of external restrain stress corresponding to Tm and internal restrain stress corresponding to △T. The parabolic internal temperature distribution is applied. Thermal stresses at the surface of concrete member and at the center of concrete member are calucurated by H. Rusch's step-by-step creep analysis method using the middle stress, which considers strictly delayed elastic deformation. The value of the risk of cracking; Vr, c is defined as the ratio between the thermal stress in concrete member at considered age and the tensile strength of concrete at that age. And judgement of cracking is done by maximum value of Vr, c. Following results are obtained from the application of this model to analysis of factors which are considered to influence to thermal cracking of massive concrete structures. 1) The risk of cracking is different in parts of member. If degree of restrainment is small, cracking appears at the surface of member during member temperature asending branch and if degree of restrainment is large, it appears at the center of member during member temperature desending branch. 2) Most important influence factor for the cracking of massive concrete member is degree of restrainment. Other material and construction factors, such as cement type, concrete placing temperature, and cement content do not so much influence to the risk of cracking as degree of restrainment.
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YOSHIO KOSAKA, YASUO TANIGAWA, KAZUO YAMADA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
9-23
Published: August 30, 1983
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In this paper, the numerical experiments and the comparisons of the analytical predictions with experimental results on the mechanical properties of RC members subjected to various loads are carried out by using a new inelastic analytical procedure of reinforced concrete based on endochronic theory. The results of the present study are summarized as follows : 1) The analytical predictions are in good agreement with experimental results over a wide range, by using 0.3 as the value of shear transfer factor related to the interlock effect of aggregate due to shear slip across tensile cracks. 2) The bending stiffness of RC member decreases with the decreasing value of crack spacing factor (CF). This effect is significant for the RC member with larger shear-span ratio and lower axial force. 3) The applicability of ordinary finite segment method is extended by using the crack spacing factor proposed in this study. 4) The multiaxial stress-strain relations predicted with the endochronic theory proposed by Z. P. Bazant et al. are applicable to the predictions of the response of RC member as far as the present analyses are concerned. 5) Proposed analytical procedure considering the effects of the lateral normal stresses in concrete due to the confinement by stirrups or hoops and of the decreasing stiffness of RC member on the deteriorated bond-slip relationship is very effective to predict the inelastic behaviors of RC members subjected to various loads. 6) If the distribution of concrete strength in RC member related to the casting height is considered in the analysis, the analytical predictions are in good agreement with experimental results over a wide range.
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SHIZUO TSUJIOKA, HIROYUKI SHINMURA, MUNEO SAWAKI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
24-31
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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For the analysis on elasto-plastic behavior of steel structures with large deformation and instability, the effect of strain-hardening should be considered in. In this case, detailed numerical method based on one-dimensional finite element method is established, but requires laborious calculations. Therefore, plastic hinge method is effective to an analysis of complex frames for the powerful tool. K. Inoue and K. Ogawa extended to the generalized hinge method to include the effect of strain-hardening on kinematic hardening rule, showed the generalized hardening hinge method that the value of the strain-hardening factor is 0.02 for beams and columns, and 0.01 for bracing members. But, this method is not satisfactory for the analysis of space frames since literature dealing with the elastic behavior of space frames and strain-hardening factor is unknown. In this paper, based on the approach subjected by P. G. Hodge we extended the generalized hardening hinge method to include the difference of strain-hardening factor in each of the generalized stress-directions. As numerical examples, a bracing member, laterally loaded beam-column and L-shaped frames subjected to horizontal load under constant vertical load are treated, and these numerical results are in good accordance with experimental results or numerical results by column deflection curve method.
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KAZUO KONDOH, TEISUKE SUEOKA, MASAMI HANAI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
32-38
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, a new rectangular plate bending model with only one transverse displacement parameter for each one of four vertex points and eight outside points of the element is presented. This model is obtained from Melosh's plate bending model by transforming two rotation parameters at each vertex point of the element into transverse displacement parameters of its own point and the adjacent points by means of finite differece approximation. If these points are taken to be coinside with the vertex points of its element and the adjacent elements, the total numbers of parameters in the finite element analysis of plates may be decreased drastically. In the example analyses of deformation, buckling and vibration problems, we obtained more accurate results by using the present model in compared with the results by Melosh's model in the same degree of freedom. So it may be concluded that the present model might be very useful for plate bending analysis.
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MASARU MURATA, ATSUNORI MIYAMURA, KENGO TAGAWA, SHIRO KATO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
39-47
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The statistical properties of initial imperfections in the plate and shell structures are investigated. The analysis of the statistical structure of initial imperfections requires the generalized power spectrum and/or the covariance matrix, which can be predicted by the entropy maximum criteria. According to the present method the ambiguity of imperfection can be estimated quantitatively. As an example, the initial imperfection, actually measured, in prismatic bars is analyzed. The statistical analysis of them, which fluctuate along prismatic bars, indicates the validity of the maximum entropy model through the comparison between the theory and experiment.
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OSAMU MATSUOKA, KAEKO YAHATA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
48-55
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, the solution of the problem subjected to a harmonic point force to be perpendicular to the boundary surface in the interior of an elastic stratum based on the rigid bedrock is derived. The discussions with the similar solutions in an elastic half-space have been shown in our previous papers. The solution is presented as the sum of potentials and dynamic Kelvin solutions. Upon potentials contained singular points, that is Rayleigh poles, we must execute complicated numerical integrations. The reasonableness of the obtained solutions is examined through two limitling cases. 1. Move the applied harmonic force from the interior position to the free surface, the solution is coincident with the solution resulted from the problem subjected to a applied force at the original point on the free surface. 2. Let the stratum depth vary infinite, the solution is coincident with the solution resulted from the similar problem of an elastic half space. As Rayleigh waves are dispersive in the case of an elastic stratum having boundarys, we should take care of investigations of the solutions. Based on the dissipations of surface waves, it is not easy to find the positions of the singular point which are shown in Fig. 1.
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MASAHIRO IIDA, MOTOHIKO HAKUNO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
56-65
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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MASAHIRO KAWANO, TAKUJI KOBORI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
66-77
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to predict the reliable earthquake damage of structural systems, it has become recently important to acquire some indications of the correspondence between the physical conditions associated with wave traveling path and source movement and the principal quantities for aseismic design of structure such as spectral characteristics, peak ground motion and duration time. The multiple reflection and refraction of traveling wave motions due to the irregular property and topography of transmission path give the spatial and time fluctuations on their amplitude and phase characteristics. It is so called multiple scattering effect which would play important role on the formation of the characteristics of earthquake ground motion. This paper investigates statistically the effect of the irregular geological properties of transmission path on the characteristics of earthquake ground motion propogating from the focus of an earthquake to the observation point. It seems, however, to describe the soil ground with irregular geological properties by a random medium because it is very difficult to evaluate the actual distribution of the geological characteristics of wave traveling path. The problem of the radiation intensity of earthquake ground motion in an elastic continuous random medium is examined by applying the smoothing approximation method proposed by J. B. Keller. The multiple scattering effect of wave motion is estimated equivalently by the effective wave numbers of longitudinal and transverse waves which are derived from the stochastic dispersion equation. The fluctuations of average surface displacements due to a point source in a semi-infinite random medium are investigated comparing with those of a non-random medium according to the variable inhomogeneity correlation length and perturbating parmeter. The analyses and illustrative examples suggested the following conclusions : 1) When wave motion propagates in a random medium, the main influence contributed from fluctutions due to the superposition of the scattered waves and primary wave seems to be the multiple scattering. The phase velocity of a random medium becomes generally smaller than that of a non-random medium by multiple scattering effect which depends on inhomogeneity correlation length, wave number and traveling distance. Whereas, the inverse tendency is pointed out for the wave motion propagating in a viscoelastic medium. 2) The multiple scattering produces the apparent damping effect on the amplitude characteristics of traveling wave motion even if the medium has no damping mechanism. It is typically multiple scattering effect. This apparent damping capacity becomes generally larger as inhomogeneity correlation length and wave number increase. 3) From the fact that multiple scattering effect makes wave length broaden and amplitude characteristics of average surface displacement decreasing, the inhomogeneity correlation length of transmission path would become important parameter to describe the spectral characteristics and the peak earthquake ground motions. 4) Q-value is generally evaluated from the internal friction damping characteristics of transmission path. Since the apparent damping due to multiple scattering gives tremendous effect on the evaluation of Q-value, the attenuation mechanism should be investigated on the basis of not only frictional hysteretic dissipation damping but apparent damping associated with scattering. 5) If the same autocorrelation function is assumed for all random variables describing the inhomogeneity of transmission path, the scattering effects contributed from their fluctuations show almost same tendency with respect to wave propagation distance, respectively. 6) The multiple scattering gives stronger fluctution to rotational wave motion than to dilatational wave motion for the same frequency range and autocorrelation function concerning with random inhomogeneity. 7) That
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KIYOSHI KANETA, HIDEKAZU NISHIZAWA, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
78-85
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to examine the seismic behavior of steel frames with high stength bolted connections, a series of nonlinear response analysis has been performed using the ON-LINE HYBRID SIMULATION SYSTEM, and the obtained results have been compared with calculated results base on the bi-linear hysteretic model. The obtained results will be summarized as followes. 1) The adverse effects of the deterioration of the restoring force characteristics caused by the slippage of joint becomes more eminent as the natural period of structures becomes short. 2) There exist large difference between the maximum displacement response obtained through the experiment and those calculated with bi-linear model, but the difference in maximum velocity and maximum acceleratin response has been quite small.
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SHIGERU MOCHIZUKI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
86-95
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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After Tokachioki Earthquake of 1968, the importance of shear walls has been recognized again. The other hand the revision of Japanese Building Code has made it necessary to establish the serviceable design formulas of shear walls. From the forgoing points, the ultimate shear strength of reinforced concrete walls controlled by slip failure of wall panel were formulated. The effects of the concrete strength of wall and the ratio of shear reinforcing bar in wall panel to the ultimate shear strength were discussed, comparing the semi-theoritical values with the experimental values of 38 specimens of past experiments. The formulas of ultimate shear strength modified by multiple regression analysis coincide fairly well with the values of experiments, of which the multiple correlation coefficient is 0.88. They were shown to be used as the design formulas of reinforced concrete shear walls, controlled by slip failure of wall panel, in realistic structural design.
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TOSHIYUKI WATANABE, YOSHIMI URANO, TETSUO HAYASHI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
96-108
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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For the real evaluation of solar energy utilizing systems, we have to know both direct and diffuse solar radiation as well as global solar radiation on an hourly (or shorter) data basis. Then, it is necessary to divide global solar radiation into the direct and diffuse components when global solar radiation is only available. In this paper, by analizing the data of global solar radiation TH, direct solar radiation DN, and diffuse solar radiation SH, observed at Hakozaki (33°37′N, 130°26′E) in Fukuoka for the period January through December in 1980, correlations between these solar radiation, the atmospheric transmittance P, and the total cloud amount C have been examined. Based these correlations, two types of empirical equations for dividing TH into SH and DH (direct solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface) are derived as follows; [numerical formula]…(1) where I_0 is the extraterrestrial exposure and h is the solar altitude, or [numerical formula]…(2) [numerical formula] The standard errors on DN and SH estimated by Eqs. (1) and (2) are compared with ones by earlier presented equations. Eqs. (1) and (2) have been developed to predict the hourly (or shorter) values of insolation on tilted surface of different orientations. Solar radiation values measured on the tilted south-and east-facing surfaces are compared with values calculated for the same surfaces using observed global solar radiation. The use of DN and SH by Eq. (1) or (2) resulted in smaller errors in almost all cases.
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YOSHIMI URANO, TOSHIYUKI WATANABE, HIDETOSHI ANAMI, NAOKI TAKAO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
109-121
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper reports a method for measuring and estimating the downward atmospheric radiation flux, AH (kcal/m^2h), under any sky conditions. To measure the global solar radiation flux, TH (kcal/m^2h), and the total downward radiation flux, AH+TH, a pyranometer and an improved pyrgeometer (see Photo-3.1) were used repectively. Observations were carried out at Hakozaki (33°37′N, 130°26′E) in Fukuoka city from October. in 1979 to September. in 1982. Some results obtained with these measuring instruments are compared with the theoretical values, which are calculated by using aerogical data of temperature, humidity and pressure by Radiosonde at Fukuoka District Meteorological Observatory (33°35′N, 130°23′E; 6.4km south-west from Hakozaki) and the radiation chart proposed by G. Yamamoto. Methods for estimating AH are discussed in terms of these observed data. The Brunt type formula under any sky conditions is given by AH/σT^4_0=0.551+0.026CC+(0.056-0.003CC)√<f> where σ=Stefan-Boltzmann constant (=4.88×10^<-8>kcal/m^2hK^4), T_0=outdoor air temperature (K), CC=total cloud amount in tenths, and f=water vapour pressure (mmHg). Another experimental formula is determined as follows; AH=66.05+33.92√<f>+0.2246σT^4_0+5.351CC According to atmospheric radiation AR_<>30> and AR_<>60> (kcal/m^2h) which are observed within h>30°and h>60°respectively (h=altitude of the sky), it is said that atmospheric radiation diffuses downward almost homogeneously. Therefore, when AH is exactly known, the long-wave radiation incident upon a tilted outside surface can be sufficiently estimated by Eq. (6.2).
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SHIGERU WAKAKI, HEIHACHI ASANO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
122-130
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The issues of quantity and quality have been attracting more attention in impoving community facilties, especially educational facilties. In Japan, community centers called kominkan are playing an important role as centers of social and life-long learning, serving citizens of all ages from infants to the aged. In search of guidelines in planning kominkan, which has been increasing by 400 every year, this study analizes the functions of kominkan. Data on the functions of kominkan were collected fromproposals made by administrative bodies in establishing kominkan. Some patterns of the framework and components of kominkan were derived from such data. As the ehronological analysis were mede of such patterns and the historical development of Kominkan was surveyed, it has been found out there are two types of development : social/educational administration-oriented and community people-oriented development.
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KENJI MITSUYOSHI, SATOSHI HAGISHIMA, SHIGEYUKI KUROSE, KATSUMASA YOKOY ...
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
131-144
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to build the model for distribution of pedestrian trips in the neighborhood. The model to be used is the type of gravity-entropy model that is constrained at the production end by known data. The study area used here is Meinohama District in Fukuoka city and is about 100 hectare. The final results are shown in Fig 4-6, and conclusions are as follows. 1) It is effective on the estimation of pedestrian trips to use the data of commercial building floor area, populations and distance from one node to the other node. 2) The number of the passengers, getting on and off a train or bus, are included in the model that estimates the pedestrian flow of each road in the residential district. And that model has to cover the pedestrian, who travels from terminal node to commercial district node. 3) As the results of simulation, it was proved that the model, used gravity-entropy type, is effective tool of estimating the pedestrian trips.
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HISAO KATSURA, KYOUSUKE AOKI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
145-153
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The aim of present study is to make it clear that the distribution of places where children are playing is affected by space conditions in residential areas. In this study, the child population density stands for space conditions in an attendance area of each elementary school. The resolts in this study are as follows; (1) In cases that children play alone or play with members of their each family; Most of children play in a house or in a home lot. And other children play out of a house or out of a home lot. In cases that children play out of a house or out of a home lot, most of their playing-places are included in a circle area (a radius of 60 meters from each child's house). (2) In cases that children play with their schoolmates or with their neighboring-friends; Most of children play out of a house or out of a home lot. And the relation between the distribution of playing-places and the child population density is as follow; Y=b_0+b_1X+e Y : A distance from a child house. In a circle area (a radius of Y), 80 percentage of playing-places for total number of playing-places are included. b_0 : A constant b_1 : A regression coefficient X : 1/√<D> (D : A child population density) e : An observation error
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WATARU SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
154-162
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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We have investigated the following facts on the previous three papers : first, the places and the functions as well as characteristics of Daigoku-den, Chodo, Daian-den and Nan-en or Nan-in, in Heijo-kyu; then, the sites of Dairi, Chugu, Saigu and Yobaigu, which were the Emperor's residences in Heijo-kyu, and besides the characters of the supreme halls of such residences. In addition, we have discussed the mutual relations between Daigoku-den or Daian-den and the supreme halls of Dairi, Chugu and Saigu. Since the results obtained from the above studies, however, are based on the records, Shoku-nihongi, Nihonkiryaku, etc., it would be indispensable to compare them with the remains of Heijo-kyu. On this paper, Part 5, the results above have been tentatively collated with the architectural remains of Heijo Imperial Palace sites unearthed and surveyed by excavation.
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HIDEKAZU SHIRAI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
163-170
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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1 : Du caractere en general 2 : L'aspect general de la filiation des traites du caractere en architecture 3 : Les discours sur le caractere en architecture chez les theoriciens francais au 18^e siecle 1) Germain BOFFRAND (1667-1754) 2) Marc-Antoine LAUGIER (1713-1769) 3) Jacques-Francois BLONDEL (1705-1774) 4) Nicolas LE CAMUS DE MEZIERES (1721-1789) 5) Etienne-Louis BOULLEE (1728-1799) 6) Antoine-Chrysostome QUATREMERE DE QUINCY (1755-1849) 4 : Conclusion Le concept du caractere en architecture est issu du terme DECOR que VITRUVE a prescrit. Il jouait un role important, avec les concepts generiques "la bienseance" et "la convenance", dans les pensees architecturales, c'est-a-dire, il est l'indice distingue qui manifeste le grand changement de la theorie architecturale au 18^e siecle en France.
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HIDEKAZU SHIRAI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 330 Pages
171-180
Published: August 30, 1983
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E. Burke (1729〜97) a exerce une grande influence sur E.-L. Boullee (1728〜99). C'est-a-dire, le sublime analyse par celui-la a prepare la voie a l'<<architecture des ombres>> de celui-ci. En particulier, les problemes des ombres et d'immensite deviennent etre bien consideres afin de resoudre l'enigme des airs sinistres qu'on sent aux tableaux des projets <<Monuments funeraires>> de Boullee. Quant a l'art du sublime, Boullee a admire les Pyramides egyptiennes. Car, il y a apercu la realisation de l'art du sublime. Leurs masses lui ont donne beaucoup de suggestions lorsqu'il reflechissait sur son art. Puis, par le rapport que Burke a fait entre la nature et le sublime, et par les observations sur la nature, Boullee a essaye de mettre la nature en 〓uvre. En cette occasion, nous devons comprendre doublement le sens de cette phrase <<mettre la nature en 〓uvre>> : <natura naturata> et <natura naturans>. Enfin, il semble que Boullee ait essaye de unifier la nature et l'architecture comme <natura naturata> aussi bien que comme <natura naturans> par la sublimite s'interposant entre eux. Cette double unification, c'est la philosophie de la nature chez Boullee. De ce point de vue, nous pouvons soutenir que l'<<architecture des ombres>> monte bien la notion de la nature de Boullee, et qu'elle est l'ouvrage ou il y a des signifcations profondes.
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Article type: Appendix
1983 Volume 330 Pages
App1-
Published: August 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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