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Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 323 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1983
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Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 323 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 323 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 323 Pages
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MINORU SHUGYO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
1-12
Published: January 30, 1983
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Inelastic behaviors of steel column segments under cyclic biaxial bendings and constant axial force are studied by the experiments and the numerical analyses. The loads considered are an axial force and two bending moments about the principal axes and the corresponding deformations are an axial strain at the centroid of the section and two bending curvatures about the principal axes. The numerical analysis is done by the step-iteration method using a tangent stiffness given by W. F. Chen and T. Atsuta. In the analysis, nonlinear and non-stationary hysteretic stress-strain relations of fibers are predicted by the author's method using the monotonic stress-strain curve of the material and the previously reported empirical equations for mild steels. The experiments for various loading paths are performed and the resultant moment-curvature relations are compared with the results of corresponding numerical analyses to show good agreement.
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KOJI OGAWA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
13-22
Published: January 30, 1983
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In the aseismic design of framed structures, design seismic loadings are usually given as equivalent horizontal forces acting on the structure at the same time. On the other hand, during an earthquake, the maximum shear force acting at each story does not necessarily occur simultaneously, therefore some of important effects of dynamic loads upon the response of the structure cannot be explained without resorting to a dynamic response analysis. This paper proposed to use the second joint moments of story shear forces in order to express the vertical distribution of seismic loads including the correlations between story shear forces. The distribution was determined based on the results of a modal analysis of uniform shear beam. Using this seismic load distribution, a method was devised to predict a collapse mechnism that could form with the greatest probability in a framed structure under earthquake excitations. Moreover, we made the assumption that the above mentioned mechanism formed during catastrophic earthquakes and according to the mechanism plastic deformations continued to glow only in one direction. With these assumptions, the energy absorbing capacity of a framed structure until collapse was obtained analytically. Further, as an application of the results discussed herein, a method to proportion members was shown in order that the material consumption is a minimum and that the framed structure satisfies following two different criteria : first, it behaves elastically during moderate earthquakes; second, the structure does not collapse even under catastrophic earthquakes.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI, HIROHUMI KANEKO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
23-31
Published: January 30, 1983
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In this paper, a geometric and material nonlinear analytical method by the finite element method is presented in order to understand the maximum strength and elasto-plastic postbuckling behavior of plate elements of structural members. And then a simplified numerical method for coupled plate elements is established. The latter method is considered that plate finite element is used for the first buckling plate element and the restraining plate element is replaced with equivalent spring stiffness. In-plane stress distribution is constant because a constant strain and curvature triangular finite element is used in the present method. Therefore the progress of a plastic range has to be investigated only along the depth of the finite element divided into a number of layers. The validity of the present method is examined by the experiment on H-section stub-columns under uni-axial compression. In comparing the method using equivalent spring stiffness with the method using only plate finite element, elastic load-deflection curves are in good agreement, although the difference between them becomes large in the more advanced postbuckling range. As the maximum strength and plastic behavior after it can be understood by pursuing postbuckling behavior in the range of small deflection, it is shown that the method using equivalent spring stiffness is efficient in elasto-plastic problems.
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MINORU MAKINO, MORIMASA WATAKABE
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
32-41
Published: January 30, 1983
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the extreme value distribution of the annual maximum wind speed due to typhoons hitting on the Japanese Islands. An analytical procedure was given under the assumptions of a Poisson's arrival process of typhoons and a distribution of the maximum wind speed. The basic parameters for the calculation such asλandβ, the average annual number and the coefficient of frequencies of typhoons hitting on meshed areas divided by two degrees in both latitude and longitude in and near Japan were estimated from the statistical data during the period from 1949 to 1978. Through the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn; (1) Analytical distributions agreed fairly with observed ones. (2) The wind risk map for typhoons can be estimated. (3) An analytical procedure proposed in this paper appears to be useful as a probabilistic model to explain the distribution of the annual maximum wind speed.
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KIYOSHI KANETA, HIDEKAZU NISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
42-49
Published: January 30, 1983
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The author's group has developed a method of analysis to find nonlinear earthquake response of structures by using an on-line real-time hybrid simulation system composed of an analogue computer, an 8-bit microprocessor, and full-scale steel structural members. Details of the system and the computing method of an equation of motion are described herein. Since the restoring forces of a non-linear structure are actually too complicated to assume the proper mathematical model, it is much more reasonable that the real responses of the structure are computed by using the actual restoring forces than making any assumption of hysteretic force deflecton relations. Therefore, in this system, the restoring forces obtained from the experiment of a real structural member were substituted into the term of the equation of motion. Based on this approach, the non-linear seismic behaviors of single degree-of freedom structural frame subjected to strong motion earthquakes were experimentally simulated by the foregoing system. And were investigated the relations between the non-linear responses and the natural period of the structures, of the intensity of the input accelerations.
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TOSHIYUKI OGAWA, TOSHIRO SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
50-58
Published: January 30, 1983
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In this paper, the nonlinear buckling behavior of three-way double-layer cylindrical grids are persued and several characteristic features are shown compared with those of single-layer grids. The concepts of collective truss elements are introduced in formulating the stiffness matrices. The essential feature of the analysis is the separation of relative displacements from the rigid body motion. Validity and accuracy of the analytical method are shown by several examples, and it is clarified that the buckling strength of double-layer grids mainly depends on both the distance of the layers and the stiffness of strut members.
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Koichi TAKANASHI, Hidetake TANIGUCHI, Hisashi TANAKA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
59-70
Published: January 30, 1983
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KOZO WAKIYAMA, KEIJI HIRAI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
71-77
Published: January 30, 1983
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An estimation method for fatigue strength of bolt in tee connections is very important as the fundamental data about fatigue design of tee connections. In this paper, the estimation method for fatigue strength of bolt of which bending stress is considered is described. The results of this consideration are followings. (1) Bolt tension versus applied load relationship is estimated by four equations proposed in this paper as bi-linear curve. (2) In high cycle fatigue, the reduction of bolt tension occurs always. The quantity of this reduction has important role in the estimation of fatigue strength and the amount is 7% of the initial clamping force. (3) The method A which considers the bending stress in bolt according to ΔM-ΔF curve is considered. After comparison between estimations and experimental data, it is indicated that this method yields proper estimation of fatigue strength of bolts in tee connections. (4) Considering the results ((1)-(3)), an estimation method B' which yields acurate estimation as the S-N curve is proposed for the fundamental data of fatigue design of tee connections.
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FUSAO HASEGAWA, YOSHIMI ISHIKAWA, HIROSHI MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
78-86
Published: January 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes the basic equations for studying the room temperature variation of multi-room and the calculation method using response factors. It is the main point that the basic equations take account of the heat transfer due to the mutual radiation among the indoor surfaces. Also this paper shows the theoretical study with the weighting function. These equations which are introduced using the matrix calculation, show the relation of room temperature, surface temperature, heating load and so on. On the other hand, in this calculation method, the thermal conductance of the thin walls and number of air changes can be modified at each time. In this method, unknown variables are the air temperatures of each room, the inner surface temperatures of each outside wall and the surface temperatures of each inside wall. The outer surface temperatures of outside wall are given by the sol-air temperature method because of reducing the number of variables.
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MICHIKO KUNISHIMA, NORIKO YAMASHITA, TAKUKO YANASE
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
87-93
Published: January 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The quantification of visual effects values of the wall colour applying to interior colour design was investigated. Each of the 1/10 scale models (presented as slides) that were different from the wall colour was judged in the same order on each bipolar semantic scale of the sixteen adjectives. The results were analyzed by factor analysis and quantitative analysis. 1) The results for the two methods, one 1/10 scale models were judged, and the other slides, were not significantly different. 2) Using analysis of variance, it was shown that the subjects responded differently to some scales, "warm-cool" "fine-groomy" "hot-cold" "broad-narrow" "lively-lifeless", in different environment temperatures. 3) Three dimensions were produced. Dimension 1 would seem to relate to how inspiring the room is, and it was named the factor of "Activity". The second dimension related to how much harmony the room has; how controlled it is, and it was named the factor of "Evaluation". The third group was clearly a warmness group, and it was named the factor of "Warmness". 4) Using the quantitative analysis of Hayashi, dimension 1, "activity", was influenced to a greater degree by brightness than the other factor of the wall colour, "evaluation" was influenced by saturation and "warmness" was influenced by hue. The higher values of brightness was, the more the living room had pleasantness and liveliness, and the higher values of saturation was, the less the living room had friendliness and satisfaction.
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SHIGERU WAKAYAMA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
94-98
Published: January 30, 1983
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In this report, I projected the maps of climatic regions and vegetation on the map of building system which reported in former report, and obserbed the relation between climate and building system, which are briefed as follows ○building system is more related to humidity than to temperature. ○climate does not effect building system only by environmental condition but also by productive condition. ○building system depends on material circumstance and its performance.
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NORIO HATANO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
99-108
Published: January 30, 1983
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It is the purpose of my study to reconsider the land readjustment works as method of urban development in urban fringe area. In this paper, I considered the relation between urban land use and agricultural land use about the land use changing process in land readjustment area and gave a definition of land use changing process in land readjustment area. The summary of actual situation is as follows : 1) The built-up process takes too many years on replotting lots. 2) The agricculural land use continues over a long period of time after the land readjustment works.
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TAKASHI YASUDA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
109-115
Published: January 30, 1983
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In this study, I found out that the factories allocated in the inner city is decreasing gradually, and rental or occupied apartment houses are allocating on the sites where formerly the factories were allocated. So, in the inner city of Osaka Metropolitan Area, the number of houses is increasing rapidly.
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HIROSHI AIKAWA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
116-124
Published: January 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Architectural constitution may be an organization of all factors in design, I think so and in this report I'll make the subject the formal method of this organization. Alberti's distinctive quality on the method of design are concluded in following 5 points. 1) It is suggested that the design of a whole architecture has to be decided completely before the start of construction. 2) A whole architecture is constituted by many parts. And each part is required, criticized and observed as each existing matter, in judgement of use, strength and beauty. 3) The constitution of these parts relats to following three methods. a) Old Roman systems of construction and "order", to utilize them in real architecture. b) Proportion and number, to fix harmonious form. c) Site and position, to be right and proper part. In general, results of these three methods are only local, not whole. 4) Contour lines of these parts (2) or outcome of local constitution of parts (3), which may be mutually independent, are visually connected and harmonized in an elevation (lineamentum), and finally are examined in a model. It is a new method that a process of harmonizing elevation is required in the complete design. 5) But next important process remains in freedom of architect. So that "What part? How many? etc.", these creative imageries on a whole architecture aren't said in his theory. As a theory, he says only a local method, and the character of expression as a whole.
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SHIGEO KAWAMOTO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
125-133
Published: January 30, 1983
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Contents : Chap. 2. The Relation between the Typical "Shinden" Style Residence and the Ceremonies Held by the Aristocracy. 1. The Ceremonial Spaces in Tosanjoden. 2. The Ceremonial Spaces in other Popular "Shinden" Style Residences. 3. The Relationship between the Typical "Shinden" Style Residence and Ceremonial Space. Chap. 3. The Typical "Shinden" Style Residence Reached Full Development during the Lifetime of Fujiwara Michinaga. 1. Separation of Public and Private Areas in "Shinden" Style Residences. 2. The Transformation of Ceremonial Space in the Tainoya during Michinaga's Ascendancy. 3. Tsuchimikado-Kyogokuden of Michinaga. Conclusion.
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SEIROKU OTA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
134-141
Published: January 30, 1983
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I studied about all style of the ranged country house, "Futamunezukuri" at the Loochoo Island and southern Kyushu.
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KWANG HYUN KIM
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
142-149
Published: January 30, 1983
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The villa Yeonkyoung-dang (1828) in the Changdeok-gung detached palace of the Yi dynasty is an example of autonomous order found in the irregular layouts and facades of Korean architecture relating to axial composition. It shows visual articulation and overlapping on the corners or outlines of its facades from specific viewpoints on the line of movement. This determines the progressive layering of similar scenes on the "axis of scenes". Each scene which is visually cut off has a biased center to the right and a sense of direction to the left. Each is composed to be read with an overall similarity. The notion of layering, in this sense, refers not only to a single "proscenium" from the fixed viewpoint or its repetition by the physical movement along an axis, but also to the arrangement and relationship of elements. The villa's layout is logical and legible in that the signification of the layering of scenes is described on the front facade as well as on successive rows by; 1) the symmetrization of the front by adding the broken surfaces of deeper planes, 2) the connotative division and the separation by the wooden walls in the asymmetrical facade, 3) the divisional repetition of the front facade on the next successive row, 4) the simultaneous realization of the rear and the sequential identity to the front, 5) the visual blocking by the oblique building to the right and the gate to the left to emphasize the horizontal continuity to the left. These variable meanings of superimposition are classified into interceptive, referential, repetitive, compositive, identifiable, and framed or eliminated categories. The layering of superimposed scenes can be conceptualized with Wolfflin's recession concept of "covered and cut across forms", Paul Frankl's visible form of "one image-many images" polarity, and especially Colin Rowe's "phenomenal transparency" as an inberent quality of organization.
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YUJI HASEMI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 323 Pages
150-156
Published: January 30, 1983
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One approach to predict physical or chemical processes promorting flashover is shown. This is based on the characterization of flashover as a thermally unstable phase in transient compartment fires (studied in the 2nd report, Transactions of AIJ, #311, 1982). The processes promoting flashover are defined as those which can lead to the appearance of thermal instability. The discriminants and some practical indices to investigate these processes are derived. A few typical examples of the functions promoting thermal instability and the processes corresponding to these are also studied.
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Article type: Appendix
1983 Volume 323 Pages
App1-
Published: January 30, 1983
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