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Article type: Cover
1981Volume 309 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1981Volume 309 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Index
1981Volume 309 Pages
Toc1-
Published: November 30, 1981
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Article type: Appendix
1981Volume 309 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1981
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TATSUO OKAJIMA, YUJI TAKEDA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
1-10
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper explains practical method of scaling the warmness, hardness, roughness and affect of building materials, describes the test results of forty types of materials, and discusses the dependence of sexuality on the tactile response, the comparisons of psychological values with physical ones and so on.
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ASTUHIDE HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
11-20
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Bolts in tension are common in tension type connections and in beam-to-column connections. Some of them may also subject the bolts to combined tension and shear. It is apparent that before not only a connection can be analyzed but to determine the manner of turn of nut method, the behavior of a bolt itself must be known. Therefore, the behavior of a single bolt subjected to the typical loading conditions of tension is discussed in this paper, further in conclusion I proposed some approximate equations to predict the load-elongation relationships for most popular high strength bolts which have different grip conditions. The behavior of a bolt subjected to an monotonic axial load seems to be governed by mostly its threaded part under and included in nut as well as its body part. To determine the actual mechanical properties of a bolt, I examined direct tension test using 420 specimens putting a stress on amount of thread under nut. These specimens are F10T high strength bolts specified in 1979 JIS B 1186 (Specification for high strength bolts in japanese industrial standard). The tested nominal bolt diameters are 4 kinds of M16 through M24, also the bolt length for every size are 6 kinds which varied from approximately 3 to 10 times of diameter. The amount of thread under nut varied from 0 to 8 threads for every bolt length. In practice, the bolt preload force is usually introduced by tightening the nut applying torque to nut. This tigetening procedure results in different stress conditions in bolt. Therefore, the behavior observed in a torqued tension test may differs from the results obtained from a direct tension test. Thus, the behaviors in torqing a bolt until failure will be discussed in my further paper.
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ISAO KOKUBO, ATSUO TANAKA, FUKUJIRO FURUMURA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
21-28
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Creep characteristics of high strength bolt under high temperatures are discussed in this paper. At the creep test, the primary creep was examined taking into consideration the time of fire. The test conditions were that the property of bolt was F10T, the initial tensile stress consisted of 19 stages from 94.5kg/mm^2 to 13.5kg/mm^2, the test temperatures ranged from 250℃ to 500℃ pitches, and testing time was 6 hours in principle. After evaluation of test results, the following conclusion could be drawn. The experimental equation for the primary creep of high strength bolt was obtained, wherein an exponential approximate expression was used that employed temperatures, stress and time as variables. This experimental equation made clear that it roughly satisfactorily agreed with the results of experiments on a comparatively broad range of temperatures, stress and time.
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SEIJI YOSHIZAKI, YOSHIKAZU KANOH
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
29-40
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Based on the results of previous tests of slab-column connections, it has been found out that ultimate shear strength when only lateral load is applied is equal to a sum of the respective values of ultimate strength at flexural moment of the slab, moment due to eccentricity of shear force, and torsional moment on critical section, and if gravity load is simultaneously applied, the ultimate strength decreases in inverse proportion to the gravity load. Then a method for predicting the shear strength of slab-column connections transferring shear and moment is proposed. The calculated strengths by this method are in reasonable agreement with measured values. In order to check the application range of the proposed formulae, a test of slab-column connections was conducted on square column specimens with varied column dimensions and tensile reinforcement ratios, two dimensional lateral loading square column specimen, and wall column specimens with varied tensile reinforcement ratios. Test specimens used were nine in number. Results of the test are described in separate items of the cracking pattern and failure mode, relationship between load and deflection, effective slab width concerning to rigidity, distribution of mean torsional angle, distribution of flexural moment, ultimate strength and the limitation of the proposed formulae.
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, SHINJI MATSUSHITA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
41-52
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this experiment is to clarify the distribution and the magnitude of strain in the section of column flange of beam-to-column connection, when beam flange is subjected to monotonic and cyclic plastic strain. Specimens were designed so as to represent the welded joints which consist of column flange, beam flange and horizontal stiffener, and they were manufactured by saw cutting from the rolled steel plates to imitate the shape of the welded joints. In experiment the constant and variable axial loads were applied on column flange, and the two-dimensional strain distribution were measured by Moire method. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) The yield loads in the thru-thickness direction of column flange increase with the reinforcement of weld of the joints, but are not proportional to the cross-sectional area of welded part. The effects of bi-axial stress in column flange on the yield loads can be explained by Von Mises yielding criterion. (2) The strain in the section of column flange except in the region near by toe of weld have the largest value at the point of the midthickness of column flange after the considerable plastic strain are observed in column flange. (3) When cyclic plastic strain is applied to beam flange with constant amplitude, the maximum value of the strain at the point of the midthickness of column flange can be predicted from the equivalent strain under monotonically increased load.
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HIROSHI AKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
53-59
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A generalized formula which governs the distribution of the input energy into each story of multi-story frames is proposed. Steel rigid frames can be classified into the weak-column type and the weak-beam type. The formula is applied to these fundamental types of 5-story frames and the predicted distribution of damages on each structural component is compared with the results of numerical response analyses to exemplify the accuracy of the formula.
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KEN-ICHIRO TAMAMATSU, TOSHIRO SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
60-71
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper suggests a method to evaluate seismic resistivity of low steel structures by comparing characteristics of plastic energy absorption response obtained by the present analysis of lumped mass models with energy absorption capacity previously obtained by the experiment as shown in ref. 20. The earthquake response analysis shows that plastic energy absorption response can be a more appropriate parameter to appreciate the response characteristics than displacement response. It has been pointed out that the sum total of plastic energy absorption response in multi-mass system can be approximated by that in one mass system, but the distribution yields scatter due to the difference in characteristics of system and earthquake motions. We suggest the factor of safety in aseismic design against such scatter having indicated its sufficiency in the analyzed examples. We also suggest to evaluate seismic resistivity by cumulative damage factor. This factor can be obtained in the present manner, that is, by comparing energy response with energy absorption capacity with the application of plastic energy absorption as a parameter to cumulative damage rule (ref. 21). For the practical application to aseismic design, we have derived formulae to calculate the base shear coefficients in establishing the aimed value of cumulative damage factor and the intensity of earthquake motions defined by the maximum velocity and power of wave. The results of analysis in some examples have proved their adequake accuracy.
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GENGO MATSUI, SEIGO NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
72-77
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous papers, one-way curved beam systems in simply-connected region have been obtained. This paper deals with one-way curved beam system in multiply-connected region. After making a reexamination, curved beam system supported by an are and a segment is obtained. By making an experiment with a membrane, an arrangement of beams is determined and examined theoretically by means of a solution of Laplace's equation. Giving a numerical example based on this result, stress distributions of the one-way curved beam system is compared with those of the regular girders arranged in the same plan. Through this study, we can see that reasonable arrangements of beams in multiply-connected region would be obtained by making use of one-way curved beam system as well as those in simply-connected region.
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NORITETSU ISHIHAMA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
78-85
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A solution is presented for the bending problem of an finite plate, by applying S. A. Ambartsumyan's theory which takes into account the influence of plate thickness on the stress distribution around the cracks, under uniformly distributed load over the surface, or the constant bending moments along the two short edges of the plate. The analysis is based on Laurent expansions of the complex potentials. The boundary conditions were chosen as simply supported along the outside edges of the plate and were chosen as simply supported along the outside edges of the analysis of moment and stress intensity factors of an finite plate with a longtudinal crack is applied the concept of distribution of dislocation. The numerical solution of singuler integral equations for dislocation density is carried out by using the Gauss-Chebyshev method developping by F. Erdogan. The variation of moment and stress intensity factors at the tip of one or two cracks are also illustrated.
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FUMIO KAMIYA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
86-94
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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HISASHI SHIMODAIRA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
95-102
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes numerical integration schemes for stiffness matrices of six-node triangular isoparametric shell elements and their influences on accuracy and characteristics of solutions. The numerical integration schemes investigated here are a fourth, a third and two kinds of second order formulas. A square plate, a cylindrical shell and a spherical shell were analysed using the stiffness matrices calculated by those formulas. Judging from the displacement obtained, the lower order formulas do not necessarily yield-lower stiffness than the fourth order formula. In many cases, the lower order formulas give more accurate results than the fourth order formula. The second order formulas are recommended as the numerical integration scheme for this element by reason of accuracy of solutions and economy of computation time.
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MASASHI IURA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
103-114
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The paper is concerned with a bending theory of a shallow right helicoidal shell subjected to a uniformly distributed load in the vertical direction. The general solutions of the shell are applicable to any prescribed boundary condition along radial and circumferential edges of the shell. New independent variables are introduced in order to obtain the fundamental differential equations with constant coefficients. Then analytical solutions of the equations have been sought by expanding the normal displacement and the stress function in the Fourier-series along the radial and circumferential directions. It has been found that not only the pitch of the shell but also the boundary conditoinns and the material properties are responsible for a significant difference of the mechanical behavior between right helicoidal shells and sector plates.
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AKIRA HOYANO, MASAO INUI, MISTUZO RYUTANI
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
115-126
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Thermal environment at the various types of residential areas has been analyzed quantitatively using multispectral scanner data of visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands. The remote sensing data used was taken with aircraft MSS at 2880 ft hight at noon and at night on August 6, 1980 and were corrected by ground truth data. The results obtained by digital analysis are presented as the patterns of spectral reflected radiant energy and re-radiant energy (respectively spectral reflectance and surface temperature on the ground). Then, the characteristics of thermal environment of the residential area are investigated and relationships between the thermal environment and the characteristics of land use some of which are shown below are clarified by the use of regression analysis. 1) type of residential area. (high-rise or low-rise residential area, area of detached house) 2) ratio of building coverage to lot. 3) ratio of building volume to lot. 4) ratio of green coverage to lot. 5) ratio of pavement to lot. etc.
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SHUZO MURAKAMI, HIROSHI YOSHINO
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
127-136
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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For purposes of obtaining the fundamental data to furnish the optimal ventilating equipment in multi-family housing, investigated are the way how to design the ventilating systems and the problems of constructed ventilating equipment of kitchens and baths in actual apartments, and also the ventilation performance of bath rooms are examined by field tests. The results are as follows. 1) The investigation by using questionaires to the engineers who design the ventilating systems shows that it is necessary to establish the design methods as to the next items. a) Optimal ducting systems for a bath and a toilet room b) Optimal air change ratio for a bath, a toilet room and a kitchen c) System to ventilate stably independent on the wind pressure d) Shapes and positions of air inlets for ventilating a kitchen and a bath 2) The investigation by using questionaire to the occupants in multi-family dwellings reveals the various problems on ventilating equipment. Those problems are, in the kitchen, hotness at cooking in summer because of insufficient ventilating air, noisiness, vibration and oil smudge of the kitchen fan and the reverse flow from the exhausting outlet connected with the central vertical duct, and in the bath, shortage of ventilation air in summer and winter, incapability of controlling the air volume, coldness at taking a bath in winter, and noisiness and vibration of the bath fan. Those problems should be solved by the adequate ventilating system design. 3) Field tests of ventilation performance in baths of eleven apartment units identify that the ventilaton air volume per hour are distributed from 15 to 159m^3/h and the exhausting effect of the vapor filled in a bath is so different at every apartment. It is also found that the vapor is rapidly exhausted and the damage by vapor condensation does'nt occur in the bath which is ventilated at the air volume more than 90m^3/h. The ventilating equipment for a bath room should be established so as not to lower the comfort at taking a bath in winter and summer and so as to eliminate rapidly the vapor and condensed water after taking a bath.
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MAKOTO ITOH, YUTAKA KAWAGUCHI, SHIGEKI NAKAYAMA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
137-147
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In planning hospitals, one of the important procedures is to assess the total floor area and to decide the proportion of space of various departments composing a hospital. For reference to architects, we have tried to analyze the use of space in recent hospital buildings. Twenty-six examples were chosen for this study. The total floor area per bed was found to vary from 50m^2 to 60m^2 in general hospitals. The relative amount of space occupied by each department of general hospital was as follows : (1) Ward : 30〜40% (2) Outpatient department : 10〜15% (3) Adjunct diagnostic and treatment facilities : 15〜25% 1 Laboratory 3.5〜5.0% 2 Physiological laboratory 1.0〜2.3% 3 X-ray dept. 3.0〜4.5% 4 Radiotherapy dept. 0.6〜1.2% 5 Nuclear medicine dept. 0.6〜1.8% 6 Operating dept. 2.6〜6.6% 7 Delivery suite 0.5〜1.0% 8 Rehabilitation dept. 1.0〜2.5% (4) Supply department : 15〜25% 1 Pharmacy 2.0〜3.0% 2 Central sterile and supply dept. 1.0〜1.7% 3 Kitchen 2.0〜4.0% 4 Laundry 0.2〜1.4% 5 Central storage about 1% 6 Mechanical and electrical plant 7.0〜11.0% (5) Administration department : 10〜15%
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HIROKUNI TANIGUCHI, YOSHINOBU MURODA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
148-156
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The author has two objectives in this paper : The first is to in vestigate the characteristics of nine types of cities about the existing medical resources which 756 cities were classified into in Part 1, and to clarify the relations between main indices of medical resources and three principal components. The second is to evaluate nine types of cities concerning the balance of the regional distribution of stocks in medical resources per capita, that is, to make indicators about main medical resources such as general beds, physicians, dentists, etc. respectively, and total indicator about medical resources. The conclusions are as follows; 1. Nine types of cities are characterized concerning the state of medical care services provided by facilities and manpower. For example, some of these variables are general beds per 10, 000 persons, the share of medical care services between hospitals and clinics, and numbers of hospitals or clinics per square kilometers, which are closely related with the second principal component. 2. The stocks in medical resources per capita depend upon nine types of cities, and are evaluated by nine indicators about medical facilities or total indicator. The total indicator about medical stocks of the cities can be significantly predicted by the indices of social and economic conditions of the cities through stepwise multiple regression analysis.
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MASANORI TSUJI
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
157-166
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It is important to know how many people really exsist in an urban district, when we face to make a program, such as, of an urban facility, of an urban redevelopment, or of countermeasure in case of an earthquake. For purpose of estimating de facto population in two central commercial districts of Osaka, Shinsaibashi and Higashi-Umeda, pedestrian traffic was counted at the each point of cordon line of the survey area. In this survey, a sample survey method by intermittent survey time was used to reduce the number of surveyors. In conclusion, several typical patterns of time serial variation of population in districts and blocks specified by locational character were found. Maximum population was 36000, 1100pns/ha as population density, in Shinsaibashi and was 27000, 2500pns/ha, in Higashi-Umeda.
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KEIZO NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1981Volume 309 Pages
167-176
Published: November 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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