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Article type: Cover
1983Volume 334 Pages
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Cover
1983Volume 334 Pages
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983Volume 334 Pages
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Published: December 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983Volume 334 Pages
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Published: December 30, 1983
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TAIJIRO NONAKA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
1-8
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Axially loaded members play an important role in such structures as trusses or braced frames. Clarification of the performance of these structures reqires the knowledge of the load-deformation characteristics of the members. Plastic action in axially loaded members ordinarily takes precedence over flexurally loaded members because of the predominance in stiffness of the former over the latter. An axially resistant member in such structures is often subjected to variable repeated loading; loads due to winds, earthquakes, cranes, transportation vehicles and some machine parts are applied repeatedly in nature, and they may act in different or opposite directions. The member may buckle under compression, deform plastically, but may partially recover in a subsequent tension. It may undergo plastic elongation and as a result get loosened, reducing the overall stiffness of the structure. This series of investigations is concerned with the analytic behaviour of a prismatic elastic-plastic bar of an effective length subjected primarily to repeated axial loading, tension and/or compression. In the present paper, Part 1, basic equations are derived in a closed form to be shown through examples of application in part 2 that these are adequate to determine the hysteretic behaviour for any given history of axial loading.
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MINORU TOMIZAWA, YUTAKA MATSUBA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
9-17
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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To evaluate the dynamical properties of the building frame is one of the fundamental demands in the aseismatic design procedure. The reliability of the aseismatic structural design would be established under the condition that the dynamical properties, especially the stiffness matrix and the damping matrix in the vibration model of the building are suitably evaluated. Whether the assumed dynamical properties of a building frame in the designing stage are relevant or not, ought to be verified by the dynamical properties estimated from the observations of dynamic behaviors, during earthquake motions, of the building after construction. Usually, the damping factors of the building are estimated by the forced vibration experiments using the vibration generator and the stiffness of the building is evaluated from the numerical calculations on the basis of actual sizes of members. By this conventional method, however, it is difficult to estimate the damping factors of higher order and the stiffness of the frame having secondary structural elements such as wing walls. In this paper, the equation of motion describing the three dimensional dynamical behavior of the building frame with braces or shear walls are proposed, then the improved least-squares method for estimating the stiffness matrix and the damping matrix from the noisy observations of floor motions of the building subjected to the arbitrary ground motions is proposed. The numerical results of several simulations suggest that this estimation method may sufficiently estimate the dynamical properties of the buildings by using the observed data corrupted with Gaussian white noise.
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AKIO KAWANO, MINORU MAKINO
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
18-28
Published: December 30, 1983
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One important problem concerned with an aseismic design of frame is to avoid damage concentration into a weak story in the frame during earthquake ground motions. The effect of shear strength of beam-to-column connections on the elasto-plastic response behavior, especially on the damage concentration, of low-rise steel frame is investigated herein. Some results are : (1) Plastic strain energy distribution absorbed, or damage distribution, in frame with shear stiffening connections based on the current design formula strongly depends on the distribution of story-shear strength of the frame. (2) Story-story coupling effects due to the shear plastification of beam-to-column connections in weak-panel frame, which have panel-column yielding ratio smaller than about 0.4, produce good distribution of maximum story displacement in the frame. (3) Independently of story-shear strength distribution in frame, damage concentration into weak stories in weak-panel frame, such as with no-shear stiffening connections, can be effectively avoided by story-story coupling effects.
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MINORU YAMANARI, HIROSHI KANATANI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
29-36
Published: December 30, 1983
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This papre describes an extentional slope-deflection method considering the local deformation in the beam-to-column connections for analyzing the multistoried rigid frames. The local deformation means here the deformation of columns vertical to their axes, caused by the normal force of beam flanges, which can play an important role in the behavior of multistoried rigid frames consisted of tubular columns. The extentional slope-deflection equations considering the shearing deformation in the beam-to-columu connections have been presented in Refs.4), 5), 6), 8) and 9). However, the local deflection of columns should be dealt with independently in distinction from the shearing deformation, because the shearing deformation in the connection causes the rotation at the cross-sections of both beam and column ends while the local deformation does not cause the rotation at the cross-sections of column ends. The calculated results obtained from the deduced equations for several multistoried rigid frames are compared with the results from the conventional formula and the other extentional equations.
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TAKESHI OSHIRO, YASUNORI ARIZUMI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
37-46
Published: December 30, 1983
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Discrete field approach is applied for finding closed form solutions for a circular cylindrical latticed shell with straight edge beams. This paper comprises an extension and an improvement of analytical methods for practical boundary conditions. The concepts of discrete variational technique, discrete field mechanics and difference geometry are used. The mathematical model becomes partial difference equations plus boundary conditions, and the exact closed form solutions for the model are obtained using the finite Fourier series. The solutions have been investigated numerically and checked by an open form approach, where significant accuracy is proven.
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, TOSHIAKI FUJIMORI, TADAO NAKAGOMI, YOSHITAKA YABE
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
47-57
Published: December 30, 1983
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The purpose of this paper is to establish the evaluation method of the steel bars for concrete reinforcement to be used at low temperatures. The tensile tests of circumferentially notched specimens were carried out at low temperatures to investigate the brittle fracture initiation characteristics of the steel bars SD 35 having several strength levels. The results are summarized as follows; (1) The brittle fracture strength characteristics of the notched specimens have two patterns. One is called Ipattern showing the net stress at fracture, _nσ_B, increases with temperature lowering from room temperature to the temperature, T_L, at which low stress brittle fracture occures. The other is called D-pattern showing _nσ_B decreases monotonously at higher temperature than T_L. (2) These patterns have correlation with the lamellar structure consisting of ferite and pealite, and the pealite structure area percent. (3) Crystality transition temperatures, _vT_rs, of charpy impact tests have also corrlation with microstructures. (4) Brittle fracture initiation temperatures, T_i, of circumferentially notched specimens have correlation with _vT_rs. Then, T_i can be evaluated by _vT_rs. Finally, the method of the evaluation of the steel bars for concrete reinforcement considering the brittle fracture nitiation characteristics has been proposed in this paper.
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, TADAO NAKGOMI, JONGRAK KIM, MASAYASU TAGA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
58-69
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes the exprimental results and the discussion about a brittle fracture in beam-to-column welded joints concerning following parameters ; disposal of end-tab, a mode of fillet weld at backing strip and stress ratio of beam flange and column flange T-type full scale specimens are used in tension and bending test in regard to those parameters. The results are shown as follows ; 1. Brittle fracture did not occure starting from tip of notch between end-tab and beam flange in any specimen. 2. In case of having continuous fillet weld at backing strip, brittle fracture did not occure at beam flange, but in some specimen brittle fracture occured at column flange starting from an intersection of fillet weld metal and column base metal. By making use of results obtaind in this experiment, we can say that there is nothing against in leaving end-tab as it is and that it is best to avoid fillet weld at backing strip.
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TAKASHI YANO, ASATO KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
70-80
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It is clarified that L_eq is available for slowly fluctuating noise what is called fluctuating noise. But the evaluation method of rapidly fluctuating noise, for example, impulsive or intermittent noise, is not yet established. In this experiment, three periodically non-steady noises-triangular, sinusoidal and rectangular noises-were used as test stimuli, the factors of level fluctuation-repetition rate (RR) and range of level fluctuation (W)-were set up widely from fluctuating noise to impulsive and intermittent noise, and PSE (point of subjective equality), which was steady noise level equivalent to non-steady noise no noisiness, was searched for by constant method. The relation between PSE and fluctuation factors was investigated to obtain fundamental data to evaluate general non-steady noises on noisiness. The results and discussions are summerized as follows. 1) The PSEs of periodically triangular, sinusoidal and rectangular noises are significantly affected by RR and W. 2) Triangular and sinusoidal noises indicate similar tendency on noisiness and their PSEs can be represented by L_eq and the effect of level fluctuation, which is indicated as a function of RR and W by equation (4). 3) The PSEs of rectangular noises are larger than those of triangular and sinusoidal noises.
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FUSAO HASEGAWA, YOSHIMI ISHIKAWA, HIROSHI MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
81-88
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes the method for calculating the room air temperature, the inner surface temprature and the heating load of multi-room under the various heating conditions. These conditions include the cases of that the room temperature or the heating load is found by prescribing the amount of heat supply or the room temperature, and that both values during the pre-heating are found by prescribing the room temperature at the end of preheating in an intermittent heating system. The equations which show the relationship of the room air temperature, inner surface temperature, heating load and so on are introduced using the matrix calculation. In the solution of the matrix equations involving a large number of degrees of freedom, it is very difficult to invert the matrix. The matrix is partitioned by four sub-matrices to reduce the size of matrix. As one of the sub-matrices to be inverted is symmetric and positive definite, the matrix can be inverted efficiently by Choleski's method and the iteration method.
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YUKIO ISHIKAWA, KENICHI KIMURA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
89-100
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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To make a positive use of the thermal effect on the wet building surface, the steady-state thermal effect in terms of heat gain decrease was examined by simulating the roof spraying operation. The summary is as follows. 1. To estimate the hourly heat gain decrease, Wet Sol-Air Temperature, an extension of the idea so-called Sol-Air Temperature including the mass transfer mechanism on the wet building surface, is defined and calculated for various materials with the aid of meteorological data for the Tokyo area. (See Figs 2, 3 and 5) 2. Statistically analyzed, the Wet Sol-Air Temperature is highly correlated with the Sol-Air Temperature. Inferring this relation from regression lines, the Sol-Air Temperature decrease in the roof spraying operation is easily estimated and the error examined. (See Figs 4, 11 and 12) 3. Only with the regression lines and Sol-Air Temperature, the monthly heat gain in the roof spraying operation is calculated and compared with the one without the operation to show the thermal effect. (See Figs 7, 8 and 10) 4. The monthly heat gain is analyzed to find Temperature Control Index for the roof spraying operation and necessary roof spraying operation hour is accordingly determined. (See Table 6) Further the value estimated by this method is examined theoretically in comparison with the exact value. (See Figs 8 and 9) The thermal design data indispensable for the roof spraying has been obtained.
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RYUHEI ENMAN, TOSHIO OJIMA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
101-108
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Thermal characteristics of urban space in TOKYO and OSAKA were investigated with thermal infrared images through weather satellites, weather observed data on the ground and LANDSAT data. Thermal infrared images and weather data were obtained in the midday of summer and in the early morning of winter. After the comparison of the ground surface and atmospheric temperature and the multiple regression analysis between the occupancy ratio of each type of urban space and the ground surface and atmospheric temperature around the weather monitoring station, some characteristics were found. 1. Both of the ground surface and atmospheric temperature in the areas with many tall buildings are lower than other type of urban area in the midday of summer. This agrees with OKE's "negative heat island". 2. Both of the ground surface and atmospheric temperature in the lower and densely built up areas are highest in the midday of summer. In the early morning of winter the ground surface temperature in the areas with many tall buildings is high. 3. Correlation is found between ground surface temperature and the constitution of urban space. Correlation coefficient is so much high in the early morning of winter. Correlation between atmospheric temperature and the constitution of urban space is lower than that of ground surface temperature because of instability of atmosphere and uncertainty of solar radiation and wind velocity. 4. Water suface temperature is low in the midday of summer and is high in the early morning of winter because of large heat capacity of water. Accordingly water covered area contributes to the mitigation of urban climate. As thermal characteristics of area with many tall buildings are similar to that of water covered area, research of heat capacity of urban space is needed hereafter. Ground surface temperature mentined above is black body temperature calculated from the input energy to weather satellite's sensor (TIROS/NOAA AVHRR).
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SATORU KUNO
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
109-116
Published: December 30, 1983
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This paper is the report on the analysis of the data of two surveys, one in seven cities, Tokyo and so on, the other at six regions in Tokyo. Various items on inhabitants' surroundings were analysed on every city and region by means of factor analysis. A series of analyses showed almost the same result. Main factors are the following : 1. amenity at exterior space 2. amenity at interior space 3. preservation of health 4. service 5. security
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KENICHI WATANABE, HIROSHI HARA, AKIRA FUJII, TOMOHIKO YAMANAKA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
117-127
Published: December 30, 1983
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YASUHIRO SAKURAI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
128-138
Published: December 30, 1983
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The aim of this study is to make clear the structure of the demand for assembly facilties from the viewpoint of socialization in leisure life, and this study pays attention especialy to informal group formation. The conclusions in this paper are as follows; 1) Among persons over eighteen years old, the ratio who take part in some groups in leisure life is about 20-30%, and this ratio is increasig. As to the future tendency of this ratio, this paper proposes five expectations with regard to the reason of nonparticipation and to the desire. 2) Among participators, the ratio who take part in plural groups is about 30%. But the number of groups in participation relates to the frequency of group activity, and the increase of frequency decreases the number of groups. 3) Group formation in leisure life has striking continuity, in spite of its informal character. 4) Each city has its own qualitative structure of group formation in leisure life, but quantitative structure is much the same. 5) Taking account of those who desire to take part in some groups, the qualitative structure of group formation in leisure life will differ from the present condition.
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HIROSHI ZAINO, TOMOMI NARAYAMA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
139-147
Published: December 30, 1983
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This paper explores the primary facfor for the decision of the Block size from the building depth size and the alley rate. The average size of the building depth is different at every use and the alley rate has the mutial relation with the Block depth size. But we can find the special Blocks having the high alley rate or the low alley rate. These facts mean that there are two kinds of Blocks, the small size Block and the large size Block for the Building and site size. Under the adaptation of these exploration, We propose two methods, the Reorganization by the exchanging the buidings of the different uses and the suitable Division of the Block depth.
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MITSUO WATANABE
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
148-157
Published: December 30, 1983
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A part of the present investigation has already been reported in "Transactions of the Arckitectural Institule of Japan". In this report I continue my investigations concerning the S. B. (Spring Board) effect which I mentioned in my previons paper. The S. B. effect is the phenomena which relates to the actions of rural inhabitans in their making use of public facilites. The use of nearly simple and functional existing facilites in the inhabitants residential area encourages their use of public facilities with the same functional purpose which are distant, large and better equipped. In this paper, I wish to investigate this situation in greater detail. And, I wish to show that the S. B. effect not only is evident in the actions of the inhabitants but also in their desire for larger and better equipped public facilities. The desire for new and better facilities is intensified by the existence of near, simple, same functional farilities. On the other hand, this desire is not apparent without near simple functional facitities in the inhabitants residential areas.
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IWAO SAKAMOTO
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
158-164
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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There are two kinds on the position of a main room in the main house, right hand and left hand. Annexes usually are arranged to the lower part in the site (opposite side to a main room). So, the architectural landscape is different by the position of a main room. There are three reasons of being much more right hand main rooms including a main room are directed southerly among all the compass directions. In the next, the main room in the southerly direction is posited to the right hand, because of wishing sun rise. Finally, the right hand main room facing southerly have great advantage to the wind direction in summer and winter. There are seven reasons on the left hand main room, belief and convention, relationship to the neighboring house, drainage, water supply, building process of a main house, conditions of a site, and, compass direction and weather conditions.
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YASUKO SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
1983Volume 334 Pages
165-173
Published: December 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is concerned with a house in which two familis are living together. The space organization must manifest relationship of two families, as a whole. The main findings are : 1) as for family structure, three generations which consist of children, parents and grandparents live in a house. This phenominon shows the idea of the household system in the old Civil Code in the Japanese society; 2) the typical type of the house is a two-story on with a dependent entrance and bath, where one family can live above and another below; 3) as the number of dependent spaces such as an entrance hall, a bathroom, a kitchen and a living room increases, the activities of cooking, eating and relaxing come to be done together between two families. Moreover even family economics becomes dependent as well. The space organization of the house for two families reflects the degree of association of them in daily life, that is, the greater degree of association two families want, the more common spaces in a house they demand.
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Article type: Appendix
1983Volume 334 Pages
App1-
Published: December 30, 1983
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