Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan
Online ISSN : 2433-0027
Print ISSN : 0387-1185
ISSN-L : 0387-1185
Volume 64
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1960Volume 64 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1960Volume 64 Pages Toc1-
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1960Volume 64 Pages Toc2-
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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  • Junnosuke Fujii
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 1-5
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    According to observe electric microscopic photograph, I knowed following that. 1. Hydrated neat cement in atomosphere curing has layer structure, and Void. 2. Autclaving hydrated neat cement has rock type structure. 3. Autclaving hydrated cement-fine Sand Sutable mixture has fibere structure. This paper showed that experiment of strength and shrinkage is related with these structure. At experiment, Cement-fine sand mixture ratio are chenged, and atomosphere, autoclave curing are maked. This result showed that fibere structure has strongest bending strength, rock structure has smollest shrinkage, layer structure has midle bending strength, largest shrinkage. And this paper discussed these physical meaning.
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  • Fugaku Yokoyama
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 6-16
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    The composite type anti-seismic structure developed in Japan for multistory construction generally entails structural members with an exceedingly high relative quantity of steel cast in concrete. This dense placement of steel sections and rainforcement bars in concrete results in a high resistance to the flow or plastic deformation of fresh concrete when poured into forms, and eventually leads to appearances of honeycomb or voide defects especially at soffit portions directly under lower corde flange plates of girders. In this report the term "Fill-up-ability" is used for expressing a property pertaining to fresh concrete which is basically the accumulative result of the following three conditions: (1) Material properties of concrete mixture itself comming from its flowability or plastic deformability. (2) Suppressive conditions within forms which hinder the flow or plastic deformation of concrete mixture when it is placed. (3) External forces which are applied to facilitate the flow or plastic deformation of concrete mixture within forms, such as impulses caused by dropping or falling at the time of placement, and vibration applied by mecanical vibrators. Test girder sections were made imitating actual sections of concrete structures. They were given varied suppressive conditions against the flow of concret mix, i.e., with different arrangement of steel sections and reinforcement bars within the test forms. Keeping external force conditions the same, concrete mix with differing material properties was placed in those test forms. The fill-up-ability of concret mix with various properties when poured into the forms of gider type sections of varied suppressive conditions was observed both quantitativly and qualitatively. An index termed "Degree of Fill-up-ability" was created by the author to measure quantitatively the fill-up-ability. Summary Conclusion 1. It was observed that, under same external force conditions and same suppresive conditions, though concrete mix may have idential slumps, its degree of fill-up-ability will differ considerably due to other material properties, and that the existance of a broad range of difference is evident. 2. The fill-up-ability becomes more favorable as the slump is increased, but there are different allowable limit value of slump corresponding to the different strength of suppresive condition and the different material propertie of fresh concrete. 3. The fill-up-ability becomes more favorable as the sand ratio is increased (experiments were performed from 27% up to 41.5%) and the unit cement content is increased, air-entrained concrete shows better fill-up-ability than plain concrete, 4. Concrete with light sand and light gravel show instable qualities of separating easily, and its fill-up-ability was unfavorable in contrast with concrete with river sand and light gravel which shows stable qualities and favorable fill-up-ability. 5. Among the sample girder section of the three structural type, namely, reinforced concret structur, concret convered steel frame structure and composite structure, fill-up of concrete was most difficult for composite structure. Fill-up-ability for girder section types generally used in practice for composite structures was proved poor. The exissance of reinforcement bars in addition to steel sections makes it very difficult for concrete mix to reach portions under the flanges of steel sections. 6. The degree of difference of fill-up-ability of concrete mix, as stated herinabove under item 1,2 and 3, decrease considerably when the strength of suppressive conditions are increased like as the case of the composit structures. 7. It was recognised that the detail design of sections or connections of structural members is very important as well as the serection of material properties of concrete mix is very important to expect favorable fill-up ability, and slump shall be serect relatively

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  • Hiroyuki Aoyama
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 17-24
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    This paper presents a practical method of analysis of the plastic deflction of reinforced concrete beams and frames subjected to the repeated loading. The method of analysis of the plastic deflection of structures subjected only to the static (one-way) loading has been well established, and it has been proved to produce good results as compared with experiments. But few attempts have been made to extend the loading condition to the repeated loading, although many experimental works have been made on this problem. The analysis described in this paper is a kind of practical one, based on the "e-function method" by Dr. Umemura, and contains some assumptions which are adopted conventionally to apply the e-function method on the state of repeated loading. The basic assumption is that the moment-curvature relation under repeated loading shows a histeresis curve consisted from two parabolas. The assumptions and fundamental equations are given in §2, and examples of application of these equations to statically determinate and indeterminate frames are shown in §3 and §4. As for statically determinate frame, deflection calculated by this method is somewhat larger than the value from experiment before the concrete in tension side of each member cracks, but it showed good coincidence with experiment when each member of the frame is plastified under big or repeated loads. As for statically indeterminate frames, we can also obtain the same conclusion as above, though the author intends to publish these results in the next occasion and described in this paper only the way how to apply these equations to such frames.
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  • Yoshikatsu Tsuboi, Mamoru Suenaga
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 25-36
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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  • Shizuo Ban, Hiroshi Muguruma
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 37-42
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    Decrease of initial prestress in prestressed concrete members in caused by the creep and shrinkage of concrete with the lapse of time after initial prestress in transferred. So, the actual plastic deformation in concrete section can be consided as the shrinkage and the creep of concrete under the i initial prestress were derived in smplified form, which can be applied to the any type of prestressed section with many layers of prestressing tension as well as with or without additional reinforcement. Additionally, the prestress loss under the action of both prestressing force and design loads was discussed for applying the general solutions presented here to the estimation of prestress loss in statically indeterminate prestressed members. An example was also worked out to demonstrate that the accurate estimation of prestress loss can be done from the authors' equations.
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  • Koichiro Yamada
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 43-48
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    In present paper, the horizontal rigidity of a precast concrete slab is analyzed theoretically by reference to the experimental studies which have been represented with respect to this Problem, and when this precast concrete slab is used in onestoried buildings provided with rigid frames and rigid ones with walls, the effects of the deformation and rotation of this slab on the lateral force distribution are dealed with theoretically in consideration of the resistances of the rigid frames of the longitudinal direction as well as the bending and shearing deformations of this slab. The conclusions obtained from this analysis as follows. (1) The fact which the horizontal rigidity of a precast concrete slab becomes smaller than that of a concrete slab in the corresponding size is caused by the decrease of the moment of inertia of area (Jn) in the modulus of flexural rigidity (EJn) of the precast concrete slab. (2) The horizontal rigidity of a precast concrete slab is smaller than that of a concrete slab and when this precast concrete slab is used in one-storied buildings acted upon the lateral forces the deformation of this slab between the rigid walled-frames of the transverse direction becomes larger than that of the concrete slab, in consequence, the lateral force distribution among the rigid frames of the transverse direction becomes larger and the lateral forces carried by the rigid walled-frames of the transverse direction smaller. In the case which the shape of this slab between these rigid walled-frames is slender in the longitudinal direction, therefore, the lateral force distribution based on the conventional principle, that is, the principle that a slab is perfectly rigid and the torsion of buildings is considered, can not be accepted in structural design. So the limitation which can be accepted above accepted above mentioned lateral force distribution are presumed as the followings. n≦(1〜2)spans n: the number of the span between rigid walled-frames or [numerical formula] G_W: the rigidity of the rigid walled-frames G_F: the rigidity of the rigid frame (3) The shearing force distribution among the columns of rigid frames of the longitudinal direction and the torsional moment distribution among the columns and walls of the transverse direction, which are caused by the deformation and rotation of precast cancrete slabs, become larger than those in the cause of using the concrete slab. But they are not so large that they can be neglected in structural design. where transverse direction: direction of the action of the lateral force longitudinal direction: direction perpendicular to the transverse direction transverse walls: walls of the transverse direction longitudinal walls: walls of the longitudinal direction horizontal rigidity: rigidity in the horizontal direction
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  • Yoichi Higashi, Kiyoshi Komori
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 49-52
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    The bending of the rectangular flat plate with three edges clamped and one edge free with distributed load such as decreasing linearly to the free edge is investigated in this paper. The authors have solved analytically in the form of Fourier series, and calculated numerically the bending moments and reactions and deflections of the plates of various edge ratio when Poisson's ratio equals zero. Their distributions of the stresses and the values at various points are shown in the tables, and the figures.
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  • Naoto Hida, Koyo Maekawa
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 53-58
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    High-tensile bolt joint has commonly used as a new steel construction joint in site. The new technique is said to be useful for noise reduction at the building fields in the city center. This report, one of our studies on the noise control at the constructing site, compares noise by high-tensile bolt joint with the one by convensional rivetting work. Measured noise level, frequency analysis of produced sound and durable time of noise are discussed in detail. Summing up the results, (1) Usually 80 phon noise is remarkable in ordinary construction work, but it increases up to 105-108 phon, 25〜28 phon larger, during rivetting work (distance 5m). (2) 80 phon noise is caused in common building work, while 98-99 phone noise, 18-19 phon large, is produced during impact-wrench is used (distance 5m). (3) Comparing with rivetting work, noise is lower by about 10 phon when the impact-wrench is used. (4) In rivetting work, it takes 13-26 seconds to clinch one rivet. (5) When impact-wrench is used, the time to finish one bolt is only 1.4-2.0 seconds and not more than 10 seconds to complete three bolts. Consequently noise by the high-tensile bolt joint which uses impact-wrench is lower, and operating time is shorter than the case of rivetting work. And the "loudness" which affected by the time factor is much less. After all, the high-tensile bolt joint is superior to the conventional rivetting work in view of noise control.
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  • Syo Kimura
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 59-67
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    Measuring the sound absorbing characteristics of resonant type absorptive structure consisting of a perforated panel and a porous material, placed with some air space behind them, by the reverberation room method, the effects of the flow resistance of the porous material (rl) and the open area ratio of the perforated facing (p) on the absorbing characteristics were found out. The perforation percentages of the panels used in this experiment were about 6, 9, 13, 20 and 30% with equal intervals on log scale, and the flow resistances of the porous materials used were 2.5, 13, 18 and 24g/cm^2・sec. The reverberation room was irregular pentagon shape with a volume of 86m^3. At 500c/s, the reverberation time of this empty room was about 9 sec. The air space was kept constant 90mm thick in this report and divided into several rectangles of 45cm×90cm by means of battens. From this experiment the following results were obtained. (1) For the perforated panels without porous materials, the measured maximum absorbing frequencies showed fairly good coincidence with the resonance frequencies calculated by the well-known Helmhorz resonance formula; while with porous materials, it showed better coincidence with the resonance frequencies calculated by the formula [numerical formula], in which the normal impedance of the air space was considered as that of the closed tube. (2) The maximum absorption coefficients were much influenced by the flow resistances of the porous materials rather than the open area ratio of the perforated panel. Thus, the effect of a perforated panel on the increase of the resistive part of the normal acoustic impedance of the facing plus porous layer was smaller than rl/p. As the results, the following experimental formulae were derived for the calculation of the resonance absorption coefficient, [table] where [table] n>0 and for a very small flow resistance [table] where n>0, n is obtained by equation (2). (3) By using the above values of R_0, the calculated value of the number of octaves in which the absoption coefficient is greater than d_<max>/2 showed fairly good agrreement with measured value.
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  • Shinichi Kuga
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 68-75
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    Assuming a opening from diffused sound field has the nature as though it is a plane-like assembly of non directional point sources, I analized the sound intensity attenuation along the perpendicular centre line from circular and slit-like openings and then proved experimentaly the analized logical formulas of attenuation are resonable for practical use, and for all frequencies. Some of the important results of this investigation are; 1. Ratio of sound intensity from circular opening is log_e{1+(R/l)^2}. R: radius of circular opening from diffused field. l: distance of receiving point from the opening. 2. Ratio of sound intensity from slit-like opening is 1/l tan^<-1> b/<2l> b: length of slit when the length of slit is much larger than width of it. l: distance of receiving point from the opening. 3. Sound intensity from point source (for circular opening when R/l<0.25, for slit-like one when b/2l<1) attenuats by 1/l^2 law. But sound intensity from line source (for slit b/2l>3) attenuats by 1/l law and for plane source attenuation by distance of receiving point is very little.
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  • Minoru Kaneko, [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 76-78
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    The containment vessel for the JRR-2 (CP-5 type reactor) Building was designed to hold gases and vapors released in the worst possible accident of the reactor. The basic problem, the leak test methods as the condition of accepting the building containment, has been discussed in the previous part of this article(*). In the present report, the following subjects are discussed: 1. the other measuring methods of the air volumes, 2. the variations in the building volume, 3. the best conditions for measurement, 4. the allowable reading errors, and 5. the description of the equipments. (*) "Air Leak Test for JRR-2 Building-I", Transactions of A.I.J., No. 63, Oct. (1959).
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  • Isao Senuma
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 79-85
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    It is reported that by the results of a experimental research there will be a considerable relation between the wind velocity and the density of outdoor dusts, that is, when the wind is dead the density of dusts in the open air will be a large amount. Besides by the fundamental consideration on air pollution in rooms due to dust particles the density of dusts in rooms is closely related with the density of dusts in the open air. In rooms and in the open air, dusts were counted every hour and these periodical variations were shown in fouriers series, and then were examined in averages, widths of vibrations and time lags. Results obtained are as follows: (I) In ventless rooms, there will be a final density of dusts which depends on an amount of dusts produced and fallen in the room. (II) In rooms where the amount of dusts infiltrated is always constant, a final density of dusts is determined by those amounts of produced, fallen and infiltrated dusts and further by the volume of air to be introduced into the room per hour and the total volume of the room. The density of dusts. in these rooms at any time is shown as equation (4.6). (III) When the variation curve of the number of dusts in the open air is given as equation (4.26), the variation in rooms is shown as equation (4.32). Thus the outdoor air pollution produces a sharp influence on general rooms. When these considerations are followed with the investigation on the amount of dusts fallen and produced in many sorts of rooms, the treatment in regard to problems of dusts in rooms will be better done.
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  • Seiichi Fujii
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 86-90
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    It is convenient to calculate the room temperature of building by means of du Hammel's formula using the weighting function. [numerical formula] Where, H: heating function φ_H: weighting function for heating F: outdoor temperature φ_F: weighting function for outdoor temperature I already described the method of calculation of weighting function for heating φ_H in the former report. In this paper I would like to describe how to calculate the weighting function for the variation of outdoor temperature. Assuming the room temperature is holded constant, and the outdoor temperature rises abruptly to 1℃, we can get theoretically the heat flow H_2 which streams in the building through walls, windows or by the air filtration etc., with infinite exponential series. However this series can be replaced approximately as follows. [numerical formula] where τ=t/k, 1/k=κ(r_w/R_i)^2 R: thermal resistance of the building a', α_1': constants which can be determined by thermal properties of outside concrete wall Q': quantity connected with heat capacity of walls, windows, doors etc. δ: Dirac's function Then the weighting function for the outdoor temperature φ_F is calculated from the equation [numerical formula] using φ_H(τ)=B_1e^<-β_1τ>+B_2e^<-β_2τ> The result is [numerical formula] In this paper I calculate the weighting function of an apartment house as an example, and using it I discuss thermal behaviors of this house, especially the temperature variation in the room when the outdoor temperature changes periodically.
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  • Fusao Hasegawa
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 91-98
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    Prof. T. Maeda has shown that room temperature φ_H(t) and φ_F(t) owing to heating H(t) and outdoor temperature F(t), respectively, would be gained from following formulae; [table] where φ_H(t) (or φ_F(t)) is the weight function about heating (or outdoor temperature) and it is gained by differentiation of φ_H(t) (or φ_F(t)) which is the room temperature in the case of unit heating (or unit outdoor temperature) when t>o. He has shown following two formulae which determine φ_H(t) and φ_F(t); [table] where h(t) is the heating function to keep the room temperature at 1℃ and N+j(t) is the heat coming into the room when outdoor and room temperatures are kept at 1℃ and 0℃, respectively, and s(t) is the differential of j(t). He has recommended for Q in (3) the amount which consists of the heat capacity of room air and a part of that of surrounding walls. As a result of this analyzation of room temperature, using Laplace transformation, the writer certified the formulae (1) and (2) are correct, and shew the general calculation for φ_H(t) and φ_F(t) as approximate function when h(t) is given as summation of several exponential turms. As φ_H(t) and φ_F(t) are required exactness, especially during small t (see (1) and (2)), the writer concluded that if they have not more than two exponential turms, there should happen large error, and value of Q must be merely c ρ υ which is the heat capacity of room air.
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  • Uichi Inouye
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 99-107
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    In a horizontal spray chamber occurs the phenomenon of mass transfer around every surface of water droplet. From Frossing's equation, the auther has developed the equation on the mass transfer rate of a single water droplet, the auther has developed the equation calculating the mass transfer coefficient of all water droplets in a spray chamber. (a) This is to be reduced to equation (19) if we neglect the perimeter effects of chamber wall and the calculated results are shown in Table 1. (b) Taking the perimeter effects into consideration, the mass transfer rate k_gaV is given as equation (19). The calculated results are shown in Fig. 11 and 12, involving the clear effects of wall and the aspect ratio with the section of spray chamber respectively in case of practical spray chambers as shown in Table 3 in dimension. For the spray chambers of any dimension, k_gaV can be also calculated from equation (24)-(27) with Ω value in Fig. 9.
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  • Mitsuo Ueda
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 108-113
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    In case of the outbreak of a fire or other condition danderous to life in Multi-storey buildings, evacuations onto the stairs occur simultaneously from each floor soon after an alarm or the announcement to the occupants to leave the building. To minimize danger to life from fire, smoke, fumes or panic before building are vacated, there must be the means of exits sufficient to permit prompt escape of occupants. To obtain the adequacy of means of exits, it is first necessary to know the time which will be required for evacuation from each storey. Here, I tried for the method of calculating that time for evacuation as the base for determining necessary width of stairs, landings or platforms. But in order to ascertain the requisite width of staircase, it will first be necessary to assume a width and then to determine whether it is adequate. Number of storeys may range here 3 to 10, and the storey-heights, number of people and width of stair on each floor or storey may be varied or equal. The formulas are as follows. I. When the width of stairs are same throughout that vertical opening, and if evacuation from m-th floor other than top complete as final: [numerical formula] and if top floor is final: [numerical formula] II. When the width of stairs are different in lower and in upper storeys: [numerical formula], if top floor is final; [numerical formula] and if any of G_i (or T_i)<0, the required time for m-th floor to be clear is revised as [numerical formula] Here, [numerical formula] but G_1, G_2, G_3 take special types. Notations: N_m (person) Number of people on m-th floor. A_m(〃) Staircase capacity of m-th storey. U_m Width of stair of m-th storey in units (1 unit=55cm) V (person/minute/unit) discharge value (42 p/m/u) T_m, T_<nt>, G_m, G_<nt> Total time required for m-th floor to be clear. Suffix(t) means top. T is used when stair width equal, and G used when different. t_m' variable clause in T_m-formula. T_0 Required time before the announcement or alarm to all floors. G_m Time required from conclusion of discharge from m-1-th floor to that from m-th floor. g_m Variable clause in formula G_m C_n Variable clause. This varies according to the order of conclusions of discharge from floors.
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  • Yasuhiko Nagakura
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 114-120
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    The author intends to clarify how the planning of a public primary of a secondary school in future would have to be changed according to the number of pupils-and clases-to-be. The paper includes. 1) The estimated vital statistics of total population and of children of school age within a school area. 2) The studies on the appropriate number of pupils per class. 3) The studies on the relations between the number of classes and pupils from 1959 to 1965. 4) The practical way of determining the plan of a public primary or secondary school, based upon studies on vital statistics of total population of a school area, the number of school-children per school, and the number of classes per school.
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  • Kaoru Shimofusa
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 121-127
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    Some interesting results are obtained from analysis of the family expenditure of the households living in the public operated rental housing. Among these, it's the most remarkable one that the housing expenditure dose not increase, but shows a slight down curve, while the number of family member increase from 2 to 6. This decreasing tendency of housing expenditure is seemed to come from the following situations in house-rent market. (1) Most of families having small number of their member, are consisted of so-called young families, and their lease must have been concluded in recent years. Here, I say a well-known phenomenon of house-rent market in Japan, that the level of house-rent is almost always determined by the time when they concluded lease contract. And the newer their lease is, the higher the level of hhusing rent become. This is the reason why the housing expenditure shows a slight decrease when the number of family member increases. (2) Expenditure for furnitures and utensils is closely related with the type and maturity of family. Then, furnitures and utensils are strongly needed by the family when new family is created and begins to start a new life. Therefore, the former is expecting the reason of this decreasing tendency of housing expenditure to the level of house-rent, while the latter is expecting to the level of expenditure for furnitures and utensils. Moreover, Engel's coefficient increasing steadity, while the number of family member increases from 2 to 6. From these results, we could easily conclude that the rate of housing expenditure in family budget is inversely correlated with Engel's coefficient. And further, I am sure, this inverse correlation between the rate of housing expenditure and Engel's coefficient is able to be established regardless of the number of family member.
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  • Masahisa Miwa
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 128-134
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    In this paper, four crude indices of production in plants producing metals and machines are surveyed in Hanshin Industrial Region. Those indices are (1) the amount of products in ton per worker, per year, (2) electric power per worker, per year, (3) fuels in ton per worker, per year, and (4) the space of the site per worker. In plants, which are forming the industrial district by the port, indices of production are in higher range. And those of industrial district in inland or in urban area are in lower range. The range is considered in proper level by the process of the production. And this character will be applied as the index for the planning of district.
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  • Shigeo Tani
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 135-141
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    It is obvious that the designation of the semi-fire zone long before the town is filled up by wooden buildings is effective for decreasing the future fire damages. The author tries to observe the economical efficiency of the early designation from two viewpoints, i.e., of public economy and of individual economy. Here, the economical efficiency (j) is defined as [table] where i=average rate of interest, ΔE is the capitalized cost at the beginning of a series of yearly decreases of the damage cost or yearly decreases of the fire-insurance expense (shown as D_t), that is [table] where T: time of building replacement t: years ellapsed and ΔP is the additional building cost or the capitalized cost at the beginning of a series of additional building cost (shown as Δp) resulted from building fire-resistive structures instead of wooden ones, that is [table] Some calculation formulae are derived from (2) and (3) under several assumptions, and the values of economical efficiency (j) obtained are shown in the following table. [table]
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  • Kazuo Kusano
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 142-146
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    The constitution of farm-houses, have already been discussed from many sources. But the fact is that the work-space which ocupies half of tbeir settlement, are affected by classification and scope of producing goods as a side-job. Especially farm-houses, which have become work-shop as a natural consequence under the feudal Edo era, should be grasped in connection with the process of originating producer and its necessary scope. In this report the sericaltural houses grasping above, are analysed in the connection with the emanation form of producers and management scope. Farther more "Azuma-roofs" are also discussed.
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  • Mitsugu Kawakami
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 147-153
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
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    A building notation, which are compose of 'Ken' and 'Men', had established in the early Heian period. And there is a method that 'Ken' is the numbers of a space between the posts on longitudinal direction at 'Moya' (main building), 'Men' is the numbers of 'Hisashi' (lean-to), which are attached to four sides of 'Moya'. This method were ever clear by the late Dr. Yasushi Adachi at first. Also he apointed out that the 'Ken' and 'Men' notation are in common use on the both period of Heian and Kamakura, and were substitution other notation for that in the later period. In this article, I think some causes for above-mentioned substitutioning. There were a premise term for consist of the 'Ken' and 'Men' notation. It is included in the method of building construction, above all in the roof-construction of that time. Namely, a building were composed of 'Moya' and 'Hisashi', and the span of 'Moya' frame-work were the only one. Now, I became aware that 'Moya's span increase to two or three spans in the building of the Muromachi period. This means a denial of the principle for the 'Ken' and 'Men' notation.
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  • Naomi Okawa
    Article type: Article
    1960Volume 64 Pages 154-159
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The constructing system which had been applied to errect the monumental buildings of the state such as big temples and palaces during the Nara-period (ac. 710〜784), was reorganized in the 10th century. The most predominent features are the abandonment of Kokohu system (雇工夫制度), establishment of Zokoku system (造国制) etc. This paper deals with these changes of constructing system from the view point of architectural history in Japan.
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  • Article type: Bibliography
    1960Volume 64 Pages 160-169
    Published: March 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (812K)
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