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Article type: Cover
1978 Volume 263 Pages
Cover1-
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1978 Volume 263 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1978 Volume 263 Pages
App1-
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Index
1978 Volume 263 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1978 Volume 263 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1978
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KAZUNOBU HIRAI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
1-9
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper discribes the effects of the rate of cooling on three dimension changes of freezing and thawing mortars. Nine river sand mortars, three cement pastes and one standard sandmortar were used to laboratory freezing and thawing tests. The rate of cooling of freezing and thawing was prepared at six levels from 0.09℃/min to 0.41℃/min. The results obtained are summarized as follows, (1) Longitudinal length change of freezing and thawing river sand mortars was less the change of laternal dimension. (2) e_l/e_b ratio was affected by the rate of cooling, and the experimental formulae were obtained as follows, River sand mortars…e_l/e_b=0.31α+0.43 Cement pastes…e_l/e_b=9(α-0.22)^2+0.37 Standard sand mortars…e_l/e_b=[numerical formula] Where α : rate of ccoling (℃/min) (3) Frost damage of mortars was affected by the rate of cooling and three dimension changes, and the experimental formula was obtained.
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MICHIO KOIKE, KYOJI TANAKA, SHIGERU HIOKI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
11-19
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper deals with the estimation of thermal effect of weather on rubber and plastic sheets for roof membranes. Equations are first obtained which express the degradation of the sheets of monotonous property-changing, through thermal aging tests at constant temperatures, being based on the theory of chemical reaction rate. The equations have been proved to be valid to express the degradation of the sheets in the fields of varying temperature which are simplified conditions of the actual circumstance. Then, the authors try to express the degradation of the sheets exposed under the conditions of four kinds for three years at Tsukuba, northeast of Tokyo. The calculated and observed values of rubber sheets show a fairly good accordance each other. It may be concluded, therefore, that the rubber sheets are mainly degraded by the thermal effect of weather, and the degree of the degradation can be quantatively estimated by the equations. There exist some differences, however, between the calculated and observed values of the sheets of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. Therefore, the other elements of weather such as solar radiation and so on must be taken into account in order to estimate the degradation of these materials.
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ISAMU MATSUI, YOSHIO KASAI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
21-32
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes about the method to determine the quantity of the surface sensation of warmth and cool caused by touching the building materials. A few experiments were performed to define the relationship between the psychological quantity of warmth and cool and the physical quantity as the functions of metal feeling. The psychological quantity of warmth and cool was appraised by means of sematic differential with using fifteen materials in the room at the following temperature (10, 20, 36, 40 and 50℃) by twenty subjects. The physical quantity was evaluated as the temperature changes on the palm of a hand caused by touching the building materials in the room (10, 20 and 40℃). Results and Discussion In the room at 10℃ or 20℃, the greater the thermal diffusivity of the materials was, the cooler they felt. On the contrary, in the room at 40℃ or 50℃, the greater their thermal diffusivity was, the warmer they felt. In the room at 36℃, they felt a little warm by touching any of them, because the temperature of the hand was equal to one of the material and the radiation of body heat was prevented by the material. The rate (θ_<hv>) of change in temperature of the hand caused by touching the material was in proportion to the difference in temperature of the hand (θ_h) and the temperature of the non-touched material (θ_m), although a certain difference came out among individuals. The empirical equation is as follows. θ_<hv>=α・θ only for -15℃≦θ≦+4℃ …(1) where θ_hv : The rate of change in temperature of hard (℃/sec) θ=θ_m-θ_h (℃) θ_m : Temperature of the non-touched material (℃) θ_h : Temperature of hand befor touching (℃) α : Constant factor α is constant which depende on the materials. Many materials are α>0, but the materials of very small thermal diffusivity are α<0. θ_<hv> felt very cool was more than -0.11℃/sec at 10℃ room temperature, and was more than -0.08℃/sec in the room at 20℃. θ_<hv> neither felt warm nor cool was -0.04〜-0.09℃/sec in the room at 20℃. From the above discussion, we could conclud that the surface sensivility of warmth and cool be showed by equation (1).
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HOKATO EGAMI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
33-41
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous paper, the author reported to formulate The Theory of the Construction with Elastic Joints for the linear static analysis of the precast reinforced concrete wall construction built by the precast reinforced concrete blind panels to obtain theoretically the mechanical behaver of the precast reinforced concrete wall construction under the horizontal force by an earthquake shock. Analysis was carried out under the following assumptions : 1. The rigidity of blind panels are infinite quality outside rigidity of shearing. 2. Those blind panels are got in the joint frame. 3. Rigidity of expansion and construction, shearing and bending in joints around blind panels are basically accepted. This paper consists of the following contents. At first the theoretical value computed by previous theory fits in well with the result of the lateral loading for a precast reinforced concrete wall construction built by two precast reinforced concrete blind panels. Next with the view to studing an intension, analysis is carried out under the following assumptions still more : 1. The rigidity of the panel zone members consist of both horizontal joint members and vertical joint members are adopted. 2. The axical rigidity of vertical joint members are infinite.
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SADAYOSHI IGARASHI, KAZUO INOUE, KOJI OGAWA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
43-50
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes how to obtain the vertical distribution of the ratios (herefter termed β) of story shear force shared by bracings to total story shear force along the height of the frame when the ultimate factored design loads are given. The effct of horizontal deflection caused by column shortening and elongation of the braced bay on the ratios β is taken into account in the process of designing. Design example according to the present method is illustrated for ten-story three-bay braced frames. Tensile and compressive bracing members are designed by the formulas based upon the cyclic reduction in energy absorption capacity. It has shown in examples that the vertical distribution of β is significantly affected by the column shortening and elongation of the braced bay and by the load factor at the time of brace yielding.
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Teisuke Sueoka, Shigeya Kawamata
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
51-61
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Takao TSUCHIYA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
63-70
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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MASAAKI TAKEI, MASAKI OHARA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
71-80
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is PART-3 in a series of Experimental Study on Measurement of a Sense of Oppression by a Building. This paper is mainly consisted of the two experiments. In Experiment V, we discussed the influence of a distance to a building. After consideration of horizontal distance to a building, we could indicate the equation for estimating a sense of oppression caused by a building. The result showed that the consistency of vision had some influence to a sense of oppression, in other words, the farther the distance from a building is, the stronger the sense of oppression becomes, in the case of the same configuration factor. The sense of oppression at different distances : a) In case of 20m ψ=28.6c^<0.90> b) In case of 30m ψ=30.3c^<0.98> c) In case of 40m ψ=29.5c^<1.09> The sense of oppression obtained from two variables, configuration factor and distance to a building. ψ=6.63c^<1.002>D^<0.426> where, ψ : the sense of oppression caused by a building c : configuration factor of a building D : distance to a building In Experiment VI, we discussed correlation between the colour effect of a exterior wall of a building and the sense of oppression. As a result, it became clear that the colour of a exterior wall had some influence on a sense of oppression, but we didn't have quantitative analysis of the relation. We will terminate the report of the main analysis of this study. The next paper will be the estimation of the permissible value of the sense of oppression caused by a building. There, we will propose the practical data, by means of the consolidation of the previous experimentations. The contents of this paper are indicated bellow : 1. Introduction 2. Experiment V : Distance to a building and a sense of oppression a) Method of this experiment b) Discussion on evaluation value c) Result 1. Discussion on distance to a building d) Result 2. Discussion on sensory rating scales e) Generalization of Result 1 and Result 2 3. Experiment VI : Colour effect of a exterior wall and a sense of oppression by a building a) Method of this experiment b) Result 1. Order of a sense of oppression by means of paired comparison method c) Result 2. Psychological discussion of the colour effect d) Generalization of Result 1 and Result 2 4. Conclusion of this paper
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KAHORU KITAURA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
81-89
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The Texture in room spaces becomes effective with the Visual Perception which derives from the tactile perception rather than the tactile perception itself. The Visual Roughness in the Surface Roughness which is a factor of the Texture, is essential. The Psychological quantity of the Surface Roughness is concerned with the Visual Roughness more than the physical Surface Roughness. First of all, we need to analyze the Visual Perception of the Surface Roughness and then to study quantitatively on the factor with which the Visual Roughness is concerned. The test piece in this experiment is made of sticking steel balls on the plywood. We used thirteen samples of different diameter balls painted in white. We made an experiment with them by the Method of Magnitude Estimation. The purpose of the experiment is as follows. 1. We tried to make clear that the Visual Roughness is concerned with that we perceive the Figure with the light part or the dark part, and to analyze the Visual Perception of the Surface Roughness about architectural materials. 2. To clear that there are two types of perception in the Visual Perception of the Surface Roughness. Then we quantify the Visual Roughness and organize the Scale of Perception. 3. To analyze quantitatively the relation of the Surface Roughness with the angle of lightting. 4. To study experimentally the factor of the Perception Type that is related to the Visulal Roughness, both the special feature of the materials physically and the individuality of the experimenter. 5. To study how the Field is related to the Perception Type. Principal matters that were analyzed by this experimental are as follows. 1. The Visual Perception phenomenon of the Surface Roughness fundamentally is controled by the Visual Perception Law in mental judgement of Figure. 2. There are two Perception Type, A and B, in the Visual Roughness. The Perception that regards the dark parts as the Figure is A Type, and B Type Perception regards the light parts as the Figure. 3. We quantified the Visual Roughness of A Type and B Type Perception with the tenpoint height (diameter) and organized the Scale of Perception. 4. The main factor that decides the Perception Type in the Visual Perception phenomenon is fixed by the strength of many factors as the Visual Perception individually, mentally, and by the physical factors. In this experiment, We studied the influence of the Field, the angle of lightting and the Roughness of the particle. 5. The Potential Energy in the Field interacts the the deciding of the Visual Perception Type. The Visual Roughness generally except the Field, approximates the Visual Roughness that we averaged the two different Visual Roughness in the two different Field. 6. The Roughness of the particle interacts the Visual Perception phenomenon more than the strength of the Field. As we can realize the real image on the large particle, we regard much the same, even in the different physical conditions.
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YASUTOSHI MITSUZAKI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
91-99
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this papers, it is to describe some of the relations, which investigated the changing conditions of the municipal mass transportation in Osaka city's area from about the year 1935 to the year 1970. In Osaka in 1970, had already ceased to run the municipal tramway service, that one of the municipal mass transportation, except the subway service, it is abrogated in 1943 by the interpretation which had better finish its avail. Therefore, since 1944, the municipal bus service is avail for the personal mass transportation in Osaka city's area, but some thinkings of this papers was considered, the choise in Osaka city's area was not better execution. Because, on the execution of the municipal tramway service abrogated, it is necessary to consider the other conditions of Osaka urban land use. In this papers presented to some articles with their conditions. The contents of this papers are as follows; 1. Introduction 2. The number of persons transported by Osaka municipal transportation in 1935. 3. The conditions of Osaka municipal tramway service in the pre war period and the post war period. 4. A condition in Osaka municipal tramway service management. 5. Service net work of Osaka municipal transportation, and urban land use. 6. Conclusions
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HIDEKI SHIMIZU, TORU FUKUI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
101-108
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The relationship between two notions, "legibility" proposed by Lynch and "ambiguity" proposed by Rapoport, is studied in the following three levels using the information theory. (1) Key elements which were discussed in part 1 could be considered to have the higher recalling probabilities (<1/8) because they contained the higher amount of information. If the higher amount of information of key elements could mean the higher "ambiguity" of them, this higher "ambiguity" of key elements must be acting to give the higher "legibility" of the district they belong to. This assumption should be extended to the higher level that the "legibility" of an entire city must be constructed by the higher "ambiguity" of certain key districts. (2) The coexistancy of these 2 notions in the same level of district is discussed here. General increasing tendency of entropies of the recalling probability distribution along the sequence of recalling stages is considered to mean that the concentration to certain key elements is more evident in the earlier stage and the dissolution into more personal elements in the later stage of the recalling process of the interviewees. From this observation the better coexistance of "legibility" and "ambiguity" could be assumed to be where the increasing ratio of entropy is higher. (3) If the gradual increase of entropy (ambiguity) is assumed to be in the naturally maturing process of districts, the district planning is considered as the abrupt decreasing process of entropy in order to realize higher "legibility" without sacrifizing "ambiguity" of the district by the intentional reorganization of the image distribution.
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SHIRO AOKI, YOSHIRO YAMAMORI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
109-115
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this report is to analize the spatial structure of urbanization in Kanto-Tohoku district of Japan. This disrict has an area of 99176km^2 and a population 42000000. The study covered such variables on economy and land use as : Number of establishments per persons, Annual gross sale per persons (1000yen), Income per persons (1000yen), Income by farming per farmers (1000yen), Potential of local government finance, Farming productivity of land (1000yen per 10a), Change of farm and area, Land price (1000yen per 3.3m^2) Traffic volume on the national road (1965, 74), Number of trains of the national rail road (1955, 75). As a result, these variables commonly related to the following phases of urbanization : Stage 1. Acceleration from rural side to urban side, Stage 2. Class organization by conflicts between cities, Stage 3. Extra-regionalization by influence of metropolis, Stage 4. Regression (i.e. decentralization, deconcentralization and reorganization of regional structure).
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YASUO TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
117-127
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Contents are mainly classified by two items as follows : 1. The history of the site of Gokomatsu In Sento Palace and the process of the urban redeveropement. 2. The actual circumstances of the renewal site. -1 The initial site planning and the structure of the area. -2 The site planning and inhabitant near the Zushi. -3 On the proprietary rights of the real estate of the inhabitants and the landed owner.
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TAKASHI KITANO
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
129-134
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It contains the discussions about I. On the disposition of buildings in the Daimyo-Residence. Before Meireki period (A.D. 1655〜1657), the Residences of Daimyos (feudal lords) had been consisted of either Hiroma (Audience hall), Shoin, and Zanoma (Sitting room) or Hiroma, Shoin, Coloured-Shoin and Zanoma. Later, they were mainly consisted of Great-Shoin, Small-Shoin, Zanoma (Sitting room) and Nema (Sleeping chamber). II. On the rustic style shoin in the Daimyo-Residence. Before Meireki period, the elements of the rustic style shoin were appeared only in Shoin or Coloured-Shoin, but after this period these elements were appeared in all the residential buildings.
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KATSUHIKO WATANABE
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 263 Pages
135-145
Published: January 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is one of works in which I intend to clarify the Carpenter's party by doing a research of it's history through doccuments left by a carpenter's family in Osaka. The operation of the carpenter's party in Osaka will be discussed in this paper. The summary is as follows : It was a duty for the carpenters of Osaka to work in Kyoto Imperial Palace, Osaka Castle, and Nakai residence. In the age of 23 parties, they negotiated with Nakai to give a gift instead of labour in Nakai residence as a fireman, and the money for the gift was pooled by the members of 23 parties. This was continued in the age of 24 parties. In the case of labour in Osaka-Castle, "Onaka" made the necessary arrangements, and collected money from carpenters coming to Osaka for work to employ other carpenters instead of them. The expences of the parties were shared by the master carpenters and pupil. The master carpenters paid twice the amount paid by the pupil carpenters. The allotted charges were collected by each party and brought to "Onaka" monthly. There were granted licence by Nakai. The licence of masters was called "Kamado-Fuda", and that of pupils was called "Komori-Fuda". The licence was checked periodically. They had a duty to hand in the licence to "Daikudoshiyori" in the case of any changes in matters entered in the licence for its renewal. It was a rule for each carpenter to notify another carpenter of any contract made with customers of him. Negotiations were camed out with Nakai or other carpenters party for the prevention of outside carpenters coming to Osaka and also when the carpenters wanted to do work outside the carpenters party he belongs to. A member who violated the rules of carpenters party to which he belonged to was punished.
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