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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 311 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 311 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982 Volume 311 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 311 Pages
App1-
Published: January 30, 1982
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TAKAYUKI HIRAI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
1-10
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Arbitrary shaped two dimensional elasticity problems are possible to be solved by superpositing some elementary solutions to satisfy the boundary conditions. As the electric computer advanced, the numerical process on satisfying the boundary conditions might be carried out with the required precision, and the solutions have the possibility to get the desirable accuracy. Recently not a few studies on the method for arbitrary shaped elasticity problems based on the principle of superposition were reported. In this paper the author tried to adopt some elementary solutions to go with the ones that have been reported already, and the usefulness of the method is examined by an original program. Arbitrary shaped two dimensional elasticity problems which boundary conditions are given by stresses or deformations, which is composed of several portions of different materials, and infinite elastic plate having arbitrary shaped hole under the action of an uniform load in the infinite distance are solved. On the numerical process to superpose the elementaly solutions, plural simultaneous equations are effective to reproduce the boundary conditions. The exactitude of the solution is increased by adopting several elementaly solutions in conbination with the boundary conditions. It is conjectured that the error becomes within 5 percent by the program presented except the corner of the problem. There still remains the insufficient exactitude of the solution in the corner of the problem, but the superposition of the elementary solutions is useful on arbitrary shaped two dimensional elasticity problems.
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JUNJI MAEDA, KAZUO ADACHI, MINORU MAKINO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
11-21
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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For several years authors have been trying to observe high winds for the studies on the response behaviors of line-like structures in high winds. Two high power transmission towers at Sendai and Matsushima in the west coast of Kyushu were selected as the observation towers. Ten or eight wind pressure transducers, which were used as anemometers with high frequency response properties and controlled against the mean wind direction and five propellor anemometers were set on towers. The data of moderately high velocities of winds caused by a typhoon and a winter storm satisfactorily recorded. In this papers the results of power spectra, auto-correlations, cross-correlations and normalized co-spectra estimated from these data are discussed and compared with the theoretical values based on the theory of isotropic turbulence. The resulting conclusions are as follows; 1. The estimated power spectra and auto-correlations agree well with the theoretical values. 2. The estimated cross-correlations and normalized co-spectra correspond to the theoretical values in the most parts expect the lower layers which have a steep gradient of the mean winds. 3. Thus the atmospheric turbulence of horizontal gustiness are considered to be fundamentally isotropic.
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KOZO WAKIYAMA, KEIJI HIRAI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
22-29
Published: January 30, 1982
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Consideration of bending stress in bolt shank of tee connections is described herin. According to the results from the fatigue tests described in Part 1 and the static tests, the results of consideration about bending stress in bolt shank are followings. (1) When the initial clamping force is introduced into high strength bolt, already the bending moment (M_O) occurs in the bolt shank of tee connections. The average quantity of this moment is 1.27 ton・cm irrespective of the bolt length or the shape of tee connections, and in other words, the amount of the 18.8% of the average stress in bolt shank take place as the bending stress. (2) The bending moment in bolt shank VS. applied load relationship (M-F curve) is affected by the initial bending moment (M_O) and direction of M_O. And so, the shapes of M-F curve are classified into three types in elastic region of bolt shank. (3) Now, it is impossible that the bending moment of bolt shank to any applied load would be estimated by theory. So, according to the results from fatigue tests, the bending moment (M_u) of bolt shank at the upper load in fatigue tests is estimated. The average moment of M_u is 1.26 ton・cm and in other words, the amount of the 18.5% of the average stress in bolt shank occures as the bending stress. (4) The bending moment in bolt shank (⊿M) that results from the range of applied load would be very important to estimate the fatigue strength bolt in tee connections. So herin, the moment (⊿M) is estimated according to the fatigue tests. The fatigue strength of the high strength bolt in tee connections would be estimated by these quantity of bending moment in this paper.
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KIYOSHI KOMORI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
30-41
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Up to date, it is difficult to obtain accurately load-deflection diagrams of reinforced concrete two ways slabs with rigid edge beams. Therefore, in this paper, the approximate method to calculate strength and deflection of a reinforced concrete square slab with a varying compressive membrane force and torsion is proposed by using a similar equation for the square cross-strip slabs (proposed by auther in part 2 of the previous paper) Then, the analisis for four types models is taken, and the tests to confirm accuracy of the equation are carried out and discussed. Consequently, it is sure that load-deflection diagrams of these slabs are calculated in considerable accuracy.
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HIROSHI IMAI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
42-49
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This report is concerned with the effects of an embedded beam on the elastic and plastic properties of framed reinforced concrete shear walls subjected to shear force. Two specimens of an identical proportion were used for the experiment, for one of which a steel beam was further embedded horizontally at the midheight location of the specimen. The effects of the embedded beam were discussed at the view-point of "Indirectly Measured Values", which were analyzed based on actually measured strains and forces, and the following results have been obtained. (1) Before cracking in the concrete wall panels, the wall panels are more or less under pure shear and the stresses of the embedded beam are negligibly small. So the existence of the embedded beam hardly influences on the behaviors of framed shear walls. (2) After cracking in the wall panels, as the embedded beam tends to prevent the peripheral frame from expansion, its tensile stress becomes fairly large. Because of these actions the shear stress distribution of column-frames with the embedded beam differs from that of the other specimen without the beam. (3) The stress-strain relationships of the peripheral steel frame acting as members of framed shear walls are evaluated as the elastic stiffnesses of the steel frame. (4) Hysteresis curves of diagonal wall members after cracking are such that under the compressive stress the curves are almost the same as that of σ-ε curve of concrete, and under tensile stress those are idealyzed into originoriented hysteresis characteristics with the tensile strength of concrete as a yielding point.
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MASAKI NAKAO, KAZUO OHSHIMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
50-56
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A new method of air temperature measurement is discussed. The air motion generates a wide band random signal by a spatial fixed one point sensor. The object is to measure the moving air temperature without natural noise i.e., high frequency irregularity. The basic principle of the measuring method is to observe the natural irregularity of moving air temperature through a spatial multi-point or spatially distributed sensor which forms a kind of spatial hi-cut filter. In this paper, the spatial filter effect has been theoretically analyzed with the concept of power spectral density function. A spatial filter based on this principle has been examined and applied to air temperature measurement. Experimental results show that the analysis is reasonable. This method is applicable to other measurements of a moving object in space.
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YOSHIMI URANO, TOSHIYUKI WATANABE
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
57-66
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous paper (Part 1), an approximate transfer functions model was proposed for the heat conduction system of a multi-layer wall. Based on this model, the system is rewritten by the state equation and the output equation as expressed in eqns. (3.9) and (3.10). The system equation is converted into the time discrete domain by using the trapezoid hold function Gh_j(s) and Z-transform. The multi-layer heat transfer problems can be calculated successively by the state transition equation (4.2.6) and either types of the output equation (4.3.4) or (4.4.4). And then, we have following advantages on the calculation process : (a) time interval T can be varied at any time, (b) memory size occupied by the state variables can be reduced to half comparing with single input-output systems, and (c) the radiant heat exchange between interior surfaces can be considered in case of need. It is necessary, however, to examine some precise errors caused by discreting continuous variables. They are shown in Figs. (5.3.1), (5.3.2) and (5.3.3). Futhermore, the heat conduction through an actual slab is measured together with the heat balance at its outside surface under natural changes of outdoor air temperature, solar radiation, atmospheric radiation and wind velocity. Using data obtained this field experiment, the variation of heat flow at the outside surface is calculated. In this calculation, the outside surface film conductance is regarded as a time variable parameter and time interval T is taken as 0.5(h). Close agreement between observed and calculated values is shown in Fig. (6.1).
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KUNIO MATSUURA, YOSHIHIRO FURUE, HIROSHI ONAGA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
67-74
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Details of the acoustic improvement of a large hall are described. Though the reverberation time of this hall was rather short for an orchestral music, it was not altered keeping in mind the multi-purpose use of the hall. Therefore only adding some early reflections was attempted for the acoustic improvement of this hall. In order to know where reflectors should be set up to get more early reflections, the following subjective tests were carried out in the hall using an anechoic chamber music tape as the source of test signals. The sound fields to be judged were produced by a loudspeaker in the center of the stage and one or two loudspeakers fed delayed signals for simulated early reflections. Paired comparison tests of the different sound fields were carried out. It was concluded from above subjective tests that median-plane as well as lateral reflection would contribute to the acoustic improvement of this hall. Based on above findings, the shape of the side walls was altered to get lateral reflections while movable over-stage reflectors were installed to get more early reflections. The acoustics of this hall had certainly improved, and which was confirmed by comparing dummy head recordings taken before and after the above improvement. Generally for the acoustic improvement of large halls it is necessary to increase both spatial-impression and loudness, therefore lateral and median-plane reflection would be useful. This was also supported by other experiments in anechoic chamber on the subjective effects of adding median-plane reflection.
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SHIGEYUKI OKAZAKI, AKIHIRO ITO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
75-81
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper presents a method of assignment of rooms to locations and a method of addition of communication path and doorways. A grid is placed over a given site and each rooms, dividing them into cells of a size decide by architect. The first room to be positioned is located at the center of the site. The second is located contiguous to the first with the virtual path area between. A communication path between two rooms, both of which have the largest number of contacts, is assigned first in the virtual communication path area. As the communication path between two rooms is generated, a doorways of each room is located such that the path is the shortest. Unnecessary virtual path area between two rooms is eliminated by the convergent shift of rooms' positions.
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SUSUMU SUGIURA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
82-92
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Dans le dessein du groupe ou de l'ensemble des logements, des valeurs elementaires du projet, par exemple, la superficie de logement, le raport de plancher-sol, le niveau, la proportion du plan de logement etc., sont souvent decidees avant de dessiner le plan. En tel cas, il est necessaire pour faire un projet rationnel que la relation entre une valeur elementaire et une faculte realisee par le plan ait ete conue. Ces recherches arretent leur attention sur l'espace d'alentour du logement qui constitue le confort a habiter avec l'espace interieur. L'article de la valeur elementaire qui concerne etroitement la faculte dont l'espace d'alentour du logement charge (on le denomme "l'indice de dessein") a ete cherche, apre fixer le "coefficient de la distance de batiment (L)" (texte p.86) et le "taux d'espace public (K)" (texte p.86) comme des indices de la faculte (on les denomme les "indices de faculte"). En consequence de ces recherches, nous avons etabli le "coefficient de l'espace de manteau (u)" (texte p.89) comme un indice de dessein, et verifie son efficacite par cent projets realises recement qui sont constitues par des types varies de l'ensemble des logements, du groupe de la maison individuelle au grand ensemble de logement collectif de haut niveau. La correlation entre "u", "L" et "K" est exprimee dans la Fig.5 (texte p.90). D'ailleurs, nous avons examine la relation entre "u" et le "temps au soleil" du logement (la Table 3, texte p.91) et la comparaison des valeurs de "u" de chaque type du groupe de logement (Fig.7, texte p.91). En definitive, conformement a eux, nous exposons que le coefficient de l'espace de manteau "u" est suffisamment utile comme un indice de dessein.
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KAICHIRO KURIHARA, SHINJI TOMIE, SADAO UEMATSU, SHINICHIRO KADOYA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
93-100
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper we clarified the number of users (researchers) per one periodical title, the number of domestic and/or overseas periodicals per one user, and relations between academic fields users belong to and subject fields of periodical titles, as well as two types of usage of periodicals we assumed; A; Every issue of the periodical is referred through or necessary to be referred through. B; Every issue of the periodical is not necessary to be referred through but its back numbers are sometimes required for retrospective search. On the results the most striking points are as follows : 1) The users (researchers) of each periodical title are fairly limited whether it may be domestic or overseas. About 60.0% of periodicals of "A" or "B" use, and 65.8% of only "A" use have less than two users. 2) On the average one user utilizes 34.8 titles as "A" or "B" use, and 17.2 titles as "A" use. Use of overseas periodicals is twice as much as that of domestic ones. 3) Users tend to utilize mainly periodicals whose subject field corresponds to the academic field they belong to. This tendency is more remarkable in the fields of science and technology. In general periodicals in the fields of science and technology are used by wider range of academic fields than those in the fields of humanities and social sciences, and overseas periodicals are more widely used than domestic ones. In addition the difference between "A" and "B" use is not recognized.
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AKIRA NAKANO, KAICHIRO KURIHARA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
101-110
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The planning of supply and distribution system for materials is a major factor in making a well-organized hospital building or building complex function. It is very important that these systems not be treated as an afterthought but be considered during the earliest stage in the planning of hospital buildings. This is the first report of the studies on the planning of hospital buildings through the analysis of the functional relationships to materials supply and distribution system. First of all, This paper describes the total investigation into the actural conditions on which, for each department in two hospitals (791 Beds, 275 Beds), how much material is transported per day, how often, and where. Secondly, we showed the actural conditions on volume of materials and the frequency that will be transported per day, supposing that the hospital buildings might be organized by supply departments and the others; the supply departments include sterile supplies, the pharmacy, dietary services, the laundry, general stores, the blood bank, and so on. As the results, we were able to propose that the flows of materials in hospitals are classified into two major groups, : 1) Group one consists of the cyclical flows of materials among supply departments and the others. These are mainly regular-and grouped-transports. 2) Group two consists of the flows of materials between two points or departments other than supply departments. These are mainly extra- and small materials-transports.
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HISAO KATURA, KYOUSUKE AOKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
111-118
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The aim of present study is to make it clear that the children's playing-life to visit to the park is affected by space conditions in residential areas. In this study, the child population density and the park area for each child stand for space conditions in each residential area. And, the percentage of children who visit to the park and of children who want to visit to the park in total children stand for the children's playing-life to visit tothe park in each residential area. The results in this study are as follows; (1) In areas which have comparatively small number of the park area for each child, the percentage of children who want to visit is higher than the persentage of visitors. Children's wants are dissatisfied with these areas. (2) In areas which have comparatively large number of the park area for each child, the percentage of children who want to visit and the percentage of visitors are nearly equal. For the most children, their wants are satisfied with these areas. (3) In areas which have comparatively low number of the child population density, the percentage of visitors is higher in an area which has large number of the park area for each child than in an area which has small number of the park area for each child. (4) In areas which have camparatively high number of the child population density, the percentage of visitors is low independently of the park area for each child.
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YORIFUSA ISHIDA, NORIO HATANO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
119-128
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, concerning with built-up process of building lots in land readjustment area, we define two terms, namely, "okure" (delay) and "zure"(discrepancy). By the term "okure" we signify the fact that the built-up process of building lots takes too many years, and by "zure" that the actual conditions of land use apt to differ from that expected in the plan. The land readjustment must be applied proceding to urbanization of the area and involves no tool to control built-up process are the fundamental characteristics of this method. And those characteristics cause such serious situations as "okure" and "zure", which inevitably occur in almost all land readjustment area. We group "okure"(delay) into three classes; "zenmen okure" (delayed oll over the area), "chiku okure" (zonally delayed) and "konzai okure" (sporadically delayed), and point out the problems that these delay give rise to. Concerning about "zure" (discrepancy) we find two aspects of it, one is discrepancy in such as estimated total population of the area which affect residential conditions of neighbourhood area level, the other is discrepancy in size of lot and in building type, floor space etc. of houses actualy built which affect residential conditions of block level.
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CHIHIRO SEKIKAWA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
129-136
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The housing policy after the war has been pursuing mainly how many houses have been supplied, not taking it into account whether one could afford to pay his house rent or to pay for his house, which has rather been neglected completely therfore the research for that field with little data to go upon has not been done properly. In this study report, we use the income and rent data of Housing Survey of Japan 1958-1978 though they are not perfect material, and we try to figure out income elasticity for house rent payment; so that we want to show you how much common people of our country have participated after the war into activities to better housing circumstances. The results of this study are as follow : 1. Consumer's preference toward a rented house has been going down since the high time of 1968. 2. In 1978 they tended to use in general for a rented house inferior goods and it made for the first time the elasticity below zero. 3. Looking at it by a kind of a house, the worse qualities houses i.e. wooden houses, worn-out old houses, and so on privately owned rented houses, both exclusive and joint use of facilities they are in advanced stage of inferior goods. 4. On the whole, people prefer to own their houses in accordance with improvement of economic and social surroundings.
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KENJIRO YASUNO, HIROYUKI TAKAI, YOSHIRO NAMBA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
137-144
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, we consider of a basic theory of some former fire spread formulas of houses. These formulas are almost analyzed by useing the data of conflagration which were really outbreaked fires, or some real experiments. We suggest the new theory on the data of real experiments by Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Home Affaires. That is, we establish one effective formula of estimation of fire spread. This formula is adopted logistic curve and it is also fittable in real conditions of fire spread. Former theories are not able to estimate one fire condition until the end. But our theory can predict the fire condition from the beginning to the end. Equation (3-3) contains the value of G, maximum value of fire spread. This G is the factor which expresses real fire spread phenomena more accurately. Furthermore we consider the adoptation of coefficients αand R. Thisαis Decreasing Coefficient (coefficient of decreasing the value of index a in eq. (3-3)). This R is Resistant Coefficient of fire spread concerning to Distance between houses and Surrounding conditions of houses.
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YUJI HASEMI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
145-152
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In contradistinction to the Part 1 of this study (in Transactions of A. I. J., #291, 1980) where we discussed on the criteria on the occurrence of flashover, we study here on the characterization of flashover in transient fire, assuming the occurrence of fiashover itself. The evaluation of the severity of fire development or the prediction of time or condition at the beginning of flashover in fire is an important problem in fire safety design, because there are some sorts of building use for which a fire protection design to prevent the occurrence of flashover is practically impossible. Moreover, while we clarified the criteria on the occurrence of fiashover of zero order reaction system by replacing them to the existence criteria of steady state solution of the basic equations of fire models, a discussion based on the behavior of transient process is indispensable for clarifying strictly the flashover criteria on a system where reaction rate depends on the concentration of oxygen, because an equilibrium exists irrespective of the values of parameters as seen in the simplified model of Thomas and quasi-steady model of Quintiere et al. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for deriving useful indices and evaluation methods on flashover in transient fire as well as to contribute to clarifying the flashover mechanics of oxygen concentration dependent reaction system. In this report, we derived the following results, by characterizing flashover in transient fire by the instability of temperature fluctuation on the basis of observation facts and the significant features of temperature-time curve when flashover occurs. 1. The thermal state of fire compartment at the transition from early fire to flashover or from flashover to fully-developed fire is given as a solution of |∂(H_1, H_2, …, H_n)/∂(T_1, T_2, …T_n)|=0 where H_i is the right hand side of the energy balance equation for zone i in transient fire and T_i is absolute temperature of zone i. n is the number of zones including the grids for finite difference approximation of thermal conduction equation in solid walls. 2. It was mathematically proved that the transition condition above mentioned is equivalent to the existence criterion of steady state solution of V_i dT_i/dt=H_i, i=1, 2, …, n' where n' is the number of zones except for finite difference grids in solid walls, as the grids are parameterized in the expression of steady state thermal conduction. 3. The methods to give the upper and lower bounds of the temperature of combustible zone at the transition from early fire to flashover are shown. These bounds will be useful for a practical evaluation on flashover.
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YOSHIHIRO MASUDA, FUMINORI TOMOSAWA, YOSHIMARO YAJIMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 311 Pages
153-162
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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We have sampled 1085 concrete core specimens from 91 existing reinforced concrete buildings and tested the qualities of these concrete core specimens. In this paper (Part 1), the actual conditions of the average value of compressive strength, Young's modulus and air-dried weight of unit volume of concrete in each building are investigated. The main results of this paper are as follows. 1) The average value of concrete strength in each building shows a tendency to increase with the completed year of building. 2) The standard deviation in the distribution of concrete strength in each building shows a tendency to decrease after the SHOWA 40's. 3) The peak of the stochastic distribution of compressive strength of concrete in the typical building has a tendency to the small side of strength. 4) Young's modulus and air-dried weight of unit volume of concrete show a tendency to decrease with the completed year of building and in the TOHOKU district.
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 311 Pages
App2-
Published: January 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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