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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 315 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 315 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982 Volume 315 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 315 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1982
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SHIGERU MORINAGA, TAKASHI KUWAHARA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
1-9
Published: May 30, 1982
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In order to clarify the thermal cracking conditions, experiments were carried out on model specimens simulating mass concrete. In Part 1, cracking conditions of mass concrete subjected to rapid temperature change and cracked in 1〜2 hours after heating, were investigated. In this case, the effect of time-dependent deformation due to flow of concrete was mostly eliminated. Disk-shaped specimens with various size were subjected to partial heating at the center of the disk. The specimens were heated so that the maximum tensile stress and strain would be produced along the perimeter of the specimens. Temperature distributions in the cross sections of the specimens after heating, and the moment of cracking were measured. The actual thermal stress was also estimated by comparing the splitting strength of specimens under heated and cold conditions. The age of concrete when tested, ranged from 6 hours to 160 days. In the analysis of test results, the concept of temperature distribution coefficient, F_0, was introduced. F_0 was derived from the elastic thermal stress theory. The results show that the apparent splitting strength of concrete under heating decreased in proportion to the F_0 value, and crack occurred when the F_0 value reached 9〜12℃, irrespective of mix proportion, age of concrete, size of specimen and others. By this test, it was clearly shown that cracking condition of concrete subjected to rapid temperature change could be evaluated by F_0 value as parameter.
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YUKO SHIGEKURA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
10-16
Published: May 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The particle shape of crushed fine aggegates is determined by the type of rock and the crushing equipment used. Any adequate index which indicate the particle shape of fine aggregates has not been found up to now. Therefore, in this country, reduced natural fine aggregates brings wide use of crushed fine aggregate while without the index of particle shape. Here, author have advanced a new method for indicate the particle shape of fine aggregate by solid content ratio measured with shieved particle which all path 2.5mm shieve and retain on 1.2mm shidve. (Here after, this ratio is called as solid content ratio for shape indicator and shortened into M_V). The numerical values of M_V are spreaded from 53% (crushed sand rock) to 65% (fine river sand), but it appears that the M_V is a good indicator of the amount of water used in a unit volume of concrete mix. A relation showing the quantity of water, in case of water cement ratio is 60% and sand aggregate ratio is 43%, for different M_V is given in Fig.1, for both non-airentrained and airentrained concrete, also it is formularized into formula (4). Minimum requirment of fine aggregates without segregation for defferent M_V is given in Fig.(3), and the equation for estimating S/A from M_V is shown as formula (8). Relations between compressive strength and M_V is shown in Fig.(8). The deta generally indicate that the compressive strength is increased by decreasing M_V. However, the elasticity of concrete is decreased by decreasing M_V.
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KAZUO SUZUKI, TADASHI NAKATSUKA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
17-28
Published: May 30, 1982
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KATSUKI TAKIGUCHI, TETSUMI OKAMOTO, KATSUMI KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
29-36
Published: May 30, 1982
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Experiments of twelve specimens were reported in the previous papers. The papers were titled "STUDY ON THE RESTORING FORCE CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS TO BI-DIRECTIONAL DISPLACEMENTS" and published in No.286 and No.296 of the Transactions. A method to evaluate the experimental results and a restoring force model were presented also in them. Two specimens newly tested are added in this paper. The evaluation method and the restoring force model in the previous papers are modified. A method to evaluate tne restoring force characteristics of a column subjected to bi-directional displacement history is newly proposed. Experimental results of fourteen specimens, in which N/BD<F_c/10 and Q_<AS>>2M_y/h, are evaluated according to tne proposed method. All the specimens tested are evaluated to have good aseismic perfor mance judging from the fact that the hysteretic energy absorption capacity and the deformability are both large. A practical restoring force model is newly formulated. It follows the experimental results quite well.
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KOICHI SHIBATA, MASUO KADO, HIROMICHI MATSUMURA, MASAKATU SASAKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
37-47
Published: May 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is a report on the equivalent mass of many kinds of grain and powder. We observe the experiment of the real-scale silo, and compare with the results obtained with the small-scale silo. From the results of this experiment, we can observe the vibration characteristics for the first and second normal modes and make a new model for analysis of the vibration of silos. Appling the transfer matrix methods for the flexural vibrations of a beam including the effect of shear deflection and rotary inertia, and applying the spring transfer matrix taking into consideration the effect of longitudinal stiffness and rotational stiffness, we can discover the vibrational characteristics of the silo with the foundation. By applying this method, we can obtain the equivalent mass.
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Tsuneyoshi NAKAMURA, Osamu OHTA, Koji UETANI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
48-60
Published: May 30, 1982
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Michio Iguchi
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
61-75
Published: May 30, 1982
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MASAKI NAKAO, KAZUO OHSHIMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
76-82
Published: May 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A transient method to determine the moisture diffusion coefficient of material is described. The experimental procedure is to suspend a sheet of the material in the atmosphere at constant temperature and humidity, and to observe any increase in material weight. Mathematical model in the method is derived by using the following assumptions. (1) The material is semi-infinite solid. (2) Surface humidity is equal to air humidity. In other words moisture transfer coefficient is sufficiently large. (3) Interaction between moisture and heat in the material is negligible. These assumptions cause measuring errors in applying this method to building material. In this paper, emphasis is on the mathematical analysis of errors. Errors are analyzed by means of Laplace transformation method. Errors caused by each assumption are shown in a graph. Experimental conditions, i. e. sheet thickness and data length, which assure measurement accuracy, are derived from the graphs.
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TAROW NOGUCHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
83-89
Published: May 30, 1982
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The final aim of this study is solving a mechanism of a reduction in the visibility caused by glare sources. A physical measuring method by a single lens system is contrived in order to clarify the luminous quantities of stray light in the human eye. First, the scattering properties of a single lens system which is substituted for a human eye are measured by a photographic photometry. Secondly, a reduction in the visibility caused by glare sources are quantitatively measured by a psychophysical estimations, and "equivalent veiling luminances" are calculated based on the results. The results of above studies confirm that the luminous quantities of scattering light at a center of an image surface of an optical system can be substituted for those of stray light at a fovea in the human eye, and also a method is presented for evaluating a reduction in the visibility using the scattering properties of the single lens system when a glare source exists in the visual field.
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Asato KOBAYASHI, Toshio YAMASHITA, Yasuhiro MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
90-100
Published: May 30, 1982
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MAKOTO ITO, YUTAKA KAWAGUCHI, SHIGEKI NAKAYAMA, TADASHI WATANOBE
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
101-111
Published: May 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The Progressive Patient Care (PPC) program, that classifies patients according to their type and degree of care they need, has many benefits for the patient, the physician, the nurse, and those involved in the hospital's operation. But we have some problems from the practical point of view, that is, for instance, what's the matter connected with patient's movement from his nursing unit to another unit in proportion as the various stages of his illness. We have to throw light on what questions do arise when we introduce PPC program in our hospitals. This paper is the results of investigation on PPC program as it is being carried out at Tsukuba University Hospital. The results were compared with norms already established through similar studies in the general hospital without PPC program. We would like to determine the baseline for architectural patterns of PPC program on the ground of these facts.
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SOICHI YAGISAWA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
112-121
Published: May 30, 1982
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The crematorium has as a right to a special treatment in architectural studies as any type of building. So I have investigated the conducts of funerals at 24 typical crematoria. Thoes investigated were taken to get information as to how were the size of funeral processions, the number of funeral parties, the bidding of the last farewell to the dead in the coffin, and the gathering of ashes. Then I formulated some requirements of the planning of the crematorium building. The follwing are some examples. (1) One of main planning requirements is to ensure seperation of the different funeral parties within the same building because all of them demand their privacy and their uniqueness. (2) The chapel within crematorium called "kokubetsu-shitsu" and a space before crematory hall called "ro-zen". are required to be peaceful and solemn and of solace. (3) The custom of gathering ashes called "kotsu-age", is one of peculiar rituals of a great interest. After cremation every attendant at the funeral picks up ashes from the cremation-tray to urn.
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SUSUMU SUGIURA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
122-132
Published: May 30, 1982
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Dans le dessin du groupe des logements, il est necessair pour faire un projet rationnel que la relation entre une valeur elementaire du projet et une faculte realisee par le plan dessine ait ete conue. Ces recherches arretent leur attention sur quelques facultes de l'espace interieur du logement qui concerne le mode du rassemblement des logements, par exemple, l'independance du logement, l'exposition du soleil ou l'eclairage de la piece. L'article de la valeur elementaire qui concerne etroitement la faculte (on le denome "l'indice de dessein") a ete cherche et en consequence de ces recherches, nous avons etabli "le coefficient de l'espace interieur (f)" (texte p.125) comme l'indice de dessein. Ensuite, apres fixer "la classification du type d'espace interieur" (la Table 4, texte p.129), et "l'echelle des niveaux de l'eclairage" (la Table 6, texte p.130) comme l'indice de la faculte realisee (on le denome "l'indice de faculte"), nous avons verifie l'efficacite du coefficient de l'espace interieur (f) par examiner la relation entre l'indice de dessein et l'indice de faculte. La relation entre "f" et "la classification du type d'espace interieur" est exprimee dans la Table 5 (texte p.129). La correlation entre "f", "nomble de piece (c)" et "le niveau de l'celairage (W)" qui est examinee sur deux cent cinquante plans des logements des types varies d'espace interieur realises recement, est exprimee dans la Fig.7 (texte p.132) et par l'expression (1) (texte p.132). En definitive, conformement a eux, nous exposons que le coefficient de l'espace interieur (f) est suffisamment utile comme un indice de dessein.
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MASANORI TSUJI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
133-143
Published: May 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is the second paper of a continual study titled above. In this study, Indoor Population Aggregating Method is employed to estimate de facto population in small districts. An outline of this method is as follows. First of all, a maximum population density of building is fixed by a building use type, and maximum population of the building use type is calculated by multiplying its maximum population density by floor space of the type. Secondly, this estimated maximum population is multiplied by a temporal variation coefficient at a certain time, and it makes de facto indoor population at that time. Then, indoor population of all building use types are aggregated and it makes total indoor population in the district. Thirdly, total indoor population and outdoor population estimated otherwise make de facto district population. Finally, it is confirmed that this method is reliable and useful by comparing the estimated population with the actual surveyed one.
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YASUFUMI KIJIMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
144-153
Published: May 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is a comparative study between car trips and capacity of roads network. The volume of traffic is usually estimated from the demands which is shown as a desire line between the original zone and the destination, and then car trips are assigned to several roads networks. I propose a new method which compares an absolute number of car trips estimated from the traffic demands of small area to capacity of roads by mesh data system. This is a combination of a mesh system which is completely independent from a network and a screen line system which appears from a network by a cutting line of the mesh grids, so that it may be called a thresholds method. It is already mentioned in the Buchanan Report to investigate a comparison between a network and essential traffic. The mesh system is used in stead of network in this study. A process of this estimation is followings ; 1) total trips entering or leaving each mesh estimated from the floor space of various uses. 2) traffic volume is assumed as the amount of cars (private cars, truks, taxies and buses.) according to a share of traffic mode. 3) capacity of networks is determined by a total width of the roads along the boundary of a primary mesh, in other words thres holds, then the number of lanes is calculated from it assuming that one lane is 3 meters wide. 4) every car must pass the boundary when they enter or leave a mesh, so that the amount of cars per lane a day is calculated from 2) and 3). These measured values indicate an average of difficulty for essential traffic on the thresholds. 5) If the size of boundary is enlarged, the traffic volume must raise exponentially in accordance with the number of meshes, on the other hand capacity of thresholds increases on a rate of arithmetic in theory. Its ratio might change rapidly if the floor space in meshes is constantly distributed (Fig. 8). 6) These measured values must be changed according to the used roads networks, whether only trunk roads are used or service roads are also used in addition. There are 4 categories of road width in this study ; 6 meters road means from 5 meters of the width to 7 meters, and 8 meters is from 7 meters to 9 meters, etc.. The results of this estimation observed in Kumamoto city is as followings; * The traffic volume : The maximum number of trips to and from a mesh (25 hectars) is 87716 according to the data of P.T. Survey in 1974. The maximum number of car traffic from and to a mesh is 26172 at the central part of the city. The area where more than ten thousands of cars pass through the thresholds a day is observed around the central area. The area of more than three thousands of cars a day is coincided to DID (Fig. 7). * The changing of the capacity of thresholds by cumulative method : There are three types of change. The first one is an increase at the beginning and then decrease later. This type is observed around the central area. The second type is a gradual and constant increase, and this is observed in the periphery of CBD. The third type shows a very slows a very slow increase, which is located in surroundings (Fig. 9). * Estimation of car traffic on the thresholds by a cumulative mesh analysis : A cumulative mesh data system is a kind of smoothing of the primary datas. Level 1 of the cumulation means exactly same as the primary, and level 2 means that each mesh has a data of its own and surroundings, that is to say, the datas from 9 meshes including itself belongs to the central mesh. The number of data set doesnot decrease, because every mesh takes a new data from an accumulation, and the total sum of the mesh datas must be nine times bigger than the primary one at the level of 2. The measured value of these estimation is plotted from level 1 to level 10 (the size of the area is 21 by 21 of 500 meters mesh). The results of three meshes about the different road categories are shown in figure 12. This graph tells us that if we use the
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Yuji Agematsu
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
154-162
Published: May 30, 1982
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YASUO TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
163-170
Published: May 30, 1982
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KOUICHI KOIDE, TETSUO MORIWAKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
171-178
Published: May 30, 1982
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This report is related to the refuge in large cities from fires caused by infrequent earthquakes. By the questionnaire at any inhabitants, we analyzed the direction, the route of the refuge and various subconsciousness of inhabitants which related to the refuge, and made it a elementary data to the future countermeasure for the refuge in large cities. The contents of this papers are as follows; §1 Introduction §2 Method of questionnaire §3 Method of analysis §4 Direction and route of refuge §5 Consciousness in relation to refuge (recognition, sense of reliance and distance, etc.) §6 Subconsciousness of inhabitants (anxiety, interest, etc.)
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
179-
Published: May 30, 1982
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 315 Pages
179-181
Published: May 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 315 Pages
App2-
Published: May 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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