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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 340 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1984
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 340 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984 Volume 340 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984 Volume 340 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1984
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SEIKI NAGAMATSU, YOSHIAKI SATO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
1-10
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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To find out the most suitable creep function of aging concrete, authors at first began with the studies of creep for very old concrete (the hydration of cement is complete and we defined it as the basic condition of concrete, and the creep curve is regarded to depend only on the loading time). The results of the present study are summarized as follows : (1) The incremental creep poisson's ratio [numerical formula], which is defined as the ratio of incremental lateral strain △ε_2 and incremental longtudinal one △ε_1 at a given time, approaches to the values of 0.5 after the loading for 70-100 days. (2) Since both experimental results and proposed creep mechanisms, the longitudinal specific creep strain C_B(t) can be separated two components : one is recoverable and the other is irrecoverable. (3) The lateral, volumetric and deviatoric specific creep strain are calculated with C_B(t) and one parameter α. These calculataed values are agree well with the experimental results.
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HIROSHI AKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
11-16
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The P-△ effect is caused by the weight and lateral deformation of the structure and can not be neglected in the case where the structure is not stiff and develops considerable amount of lateral deformation as is the case of multi-story steel frames subjected to severe earthquakes. The energy absorption capacity of a structure is partly consumed by P-△ effect and its remainder becomes the substantial resistance of the structure. Through vast amount of numerical response analyses the energy consumption due to P-△ effect is evaluated and expressed by a simple formula.
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TAKESHI OHKUMA, AKIO KANAYA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
17-31
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, in regard to rectangular prisms with square and longafter (1 : 2) cross section, statistical characteristics of wind-induced fluctuating pressure on side face were examined. Furthermore, the above results except the power-spectrum were expressed by simple functions and using them across-wind fluctuating forces were mathematically estimated. Main results are as follows. i) Re-attachment or similar phenomena of flow were recognized in cases of longafter cross sections. ii) Pressure fluctuations of higher frequency component more than Strouhal frequency or centered frequency of wide banded power spectrum were convective except the vicinity of windward corner of longafter cross section. iii) Estimated power spectra of across-wind fluctuating forces by pressure models assumed to be temporally and spatially stationary were close to experimental results in the high frequency range. For the lower frequency range, calculated results were over estimate.
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MASAAKI YAMADA, SOICHI KAWAMURA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
32-39
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The primary purpose of this paper is to describe how the base slab uplift would be affected by three directional motions and to discuss the problem on analytical method commonly used for the evaluation of uplift. The model considered in this study is a rigid body, and harmonic excitations were used for the analysis. From analytical result, the following conclusions were drawn. 1) Vertical ground motion does not give a significant effect on base slab uplift. 2) Orthogonal two components of horizontal ground motions give a significant effect on uplift. 3) Even though any vertical ground motion is not imposed, comparatively large vertical acceleration is caused by vertical movement due to base slab uplift especially in the short period region. 4) Static method based on linear analysis (which ingnores the nonlinear soil structure interaction effects of base slab uplift) predicts the uplift suitably as far as the uplift retio is smaller than 20 percent. 5) Energy balance technique gives smaller uplift ratio than the other methods. 6) Three directional motion gives a significant effect on floor response spectra and increases the value in short period region.
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YOSHIHIRO SUGIMURA, SHINSUKE NAKATA, TOSHIKAZU KAWASHIMA, MICHIHIKO AB ...
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
40-50
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Bending-shear test results of prestressed high strength concrete piles are introduced in this paper, for the purpose of reproduction of the damage aspect by the Off-Miyagi prefecture earthquake in 1978. Two kinds of test type are selected. The first is bending-shear test by simple beam method. Final failure type is investigated for each case of shear span ratio 3.33 and 2.22. The second is the newly proposed method, i, e., concentrated load is applied at the near part of the center of pile supported by the fixed end and the other pinned end. This load system is expected to produce simulated bending moment distribution of pile in the ground by horizontal load. Three different types of connection between pile and footing are used as the test specimens. Shear span ratio is 2.24.
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TETSUO OHSAWA, AKIHIKO MIYANO, KAZUYA INABA, KIYOHITO KAMIYA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
51-60
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is a study on the cause of errors in measurement of water vapor permeance of building materials by the test method using saturated salt solutions. It is observed that the temperatures and densities at the surface of two solutions change because of evaporation and absorption of water vapor. Hence, for each solution, the vapor pressure at the surface differs from the saturated pressure at the temperature of surrounding air, and the gradient of pressure is nearly proportiunal to flux of water vapor. From these observations, it is concluded that the errors in measurement can be eliminated by adding the equivalent resistance of vapor flow at the surface. The table of equivalent resistance under various temperatures and densities of solutions is presented.
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SABURO MURAKAWA, TOSHIMI KANASAKI, AKIHIKO IIO, MASARU NISHIDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
61-70
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, the results of analyzing questionnaires, being conducted for the students in 12 elementary, 10 junior high and 7 senior high schools, were described as the basic data considering the reasonable numbers of sanitary fixtures in schools. The contents are as follows : 1. Analyzing the behaviours of the students in daily life, the relation of the pleasure of school life, the amount of study, the usage of water and the others were clarified. 2. The times of using sanitary fixtures at home and school were shown, and the patterns of the arriving number of the students for usage of sanitary fixtures were clustered into three types. 3. The evaluation of the public institution at school was considered. In the case of toilets, the factors of the levels in satisfaction and crowdedness were analyzed. The relations of the waiting time, the evaluation of the levels in crowdedness and the others were clarified. 4. The schools were classfied according to the scales and evaluations of the public institution.
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HIROSHI KATANO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
71-80
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study is concerned with the progress of houses' construction method by a concrete block, a light concrete and a prefabricated concrete system, as it are special fire proofing types. In 1945〜55, it was very confused period when there were so many systems invented, but they had become a one system after 1955; the Americantype reinforced concrete block. The auther elucidate this exchange process specialy in Fukuoka prefecture.
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KENJI OKUYAMA, MASAHIKO ARAKI, SHUNSUKE FUKUSHIMA, CHIKASHI YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
81-91
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The concentration of municipal functions towards the station terminal area of the city center is proceeding, and the underground facilites with related accesses are expanding in number, in order to reduce traveling time and distance between the transportation network and business or commercial facilities. This trend has resulted in highly complex underground building development. The planning of these underground passageways and facilities was necessarily restricted by existing buildings and planning regulations and also safety measures imposed by fire codes and building regulations. Despite these extensive design limitations which exist in the public interest underground passageways in the Tokyo metropolitan area are badly planned without regard to an orderly layout of pedestrian behavior. They are by no means safe or convenient passages for pedestrians. This study of underground passages investigates the influence of surface and underground interconnecting spaces, examines the architectual and planning complexity in terms of behavioral response of the user, and studies the pedestrian's processing of visual information. The purpose of this research is to obtain basic data on the underground built environment-the planning criteria, effectiveness of graphic information, and the users response to and interpretation of spatial characteristics.
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ISAO TSUKAGOSHI, EIICHI ITOIGAWA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
92-100
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to decrease the damages from the seismic city fire, the reformation of urban structure into the non-combustible one is the best but very difficult to realize. Considering the actual condition of Japanese cities, the second best way is the realisation of the Urban Fire prevention Unit, which means the network allocation of Fire Blocking Belt (F.B.B.). The purpose of our study is to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of this F.B.B. : an estimation method of fire load to F.B.B. is presented in this paper as the first step of the study. The basic factors of spread of city fire are considered to be (1) Intensity of radiation from the flame (2) Temperature of air-flow in the leeward To estimate the intensity of radiation, the formulae (11) and (15) are given for the prediction of size and inclination of flame. Moreover, being based on the result of fire experiment at Tachikawa, formula (16) is proposed as to the distribution of radiation rate along vertical direction of flame. To estimate the temperature of air-flow in the leeward, formula (28) is introduced from the model fire experiments in 1968-1971 at Ariake-cho, Tokyo. The effect of F.B.B. against these fire loads will be treated in part-2 together with a comprehensive method for the judgement of effectiveness of F.B.B.
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YUKIO NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
101-110
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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There are two ways of approach to make clear the generation process of the concept of 'historic environment' in Japan. One is to trace back the administrative movements on conservation of cultural properties, the other to make clear the process how the concept of 'environment' got the historical point of view. In this first part, it is intended to clarify how the theory of conservation reached the architectual perservation by the end of the 19th century from the former point of view. Here in this paper, the conflict between the conservetion of 'constitution' of old shrines and temples and the conservation of 'entity' of their properties is related, so as to enable to understand the back ground of the concept of 'historic environment'.
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YUJI KUSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
111-119
Published: June 30, 1984
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The objective of this study is to examine the spatial structure of rural communities (Shuraku). The sample of this study consists of 175 rural communities throughout the country. They are classified into several groups according to the settlement patterns and the regions. The size and spatial relationships of rural communities are analyzed with regard to the total land area, farmland, residential area, and roads. Basic figures on the spatial structure are provided which can be utilized in planning the physical improvement of such communities.
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SATOSHI KAWABE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
120-128
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is a report of amateur architects of American architectural history on the 18th century, and makes a part of studies about "Eclecticism" on American architecture. The out line of this paper will be abstracted in following items below; 1) Concept of architect as a profession before the 18th century. 2) Persons who built architecture, and their professional occupations in America on the 18th century.
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SATOSHI KAWABE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
129-139
Published: June 30, 1984
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AKIRA KOYAMA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
140-148
Published: June 30, 1984
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KOICHI IIBUCHI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
149-158
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The concepts of "REI" and "HARE" have no relation to the site plan (from the view point of symmetry and unsymmetry) of the SHINDEN STYLE RESIDENCE. "REI" means the direction of ceremony order and "HARE" means the trerritory of ceremony.
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KOICHI IIBUCHI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
159-168
Published: June 30, 1984
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YUICHI WATANABE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 340 Pages
169-176
Published: June 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This report has examined the effects of an intensive method of learning evacuation routes by a human behavior experiment under the assumption that there were four kinds of walking routes and the field of human vision was limited only to the downward direction to simplify the conditions in the field of vision. As a result, following findings have been obtained. (1) The more trials of evacuation are carried out, the less errors occur. But the crossings where errors occur are almost identical, and around the 5th crossing are observed the most errors. If there are 4 or less crossings where one must turn to the left or the right, at the 3rd trial almost all of the participants of about 90% or more can return correctly to the starting point. (2) At every trial there is found an tendency that the participants prefer to learn the direction at a crossing rather than the distance between crossings. Noticeably there are only a few people with whom almost no learning effects of the distance between crossings have been found even after 10 or more trials.
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Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 340 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1984
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 340 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1984
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