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Article type: Cover
1982Volume 316 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982Volume 316 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982Volume 316 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982Volume 316 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1982
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SHIGEYUKI AKIHAMA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
1-8
Published: June 30, 1982
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Direct tension tests of carbon fiber reinforced cement composites were carried out to examine the influence of fiber addition upon initial cracking strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elogation and crack spacing. In this study, low modulus carbon fiber made from oil pitch was used. The range of the volume fraction of carbon fiber was 0.5% to 5%. According to the test results, a significiant improvement in tensile strength and elongation was observed at 3 to 5% fiber addition of low modulus carbon fibers. The tensile strength was 80 to 140kg/cm^2 and the ultimate tensile strain was about 11000×10^<-6> at the fiber volume. However, the efficiency factor of carbon fiber was about 25 to 60%. The experimental values obtained were compared with the theoretical values. We modified the theoretical formulae taking into account the fiber efficiency factor. The calculated values using the modified formulae and the experimental values showed a good agreement.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI, HIROHUMI KANEKO
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
9-17
Published: June 30, 1982
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In this paper, a finite element method is applied to a large deflection analysis for the postbuckling behavior of plate elements of structural members. In order to avoid the numerical integration process and to improve the numerical procedure, a constant strain and curvature element is used and the rigid body motion of the individual elements is excluded. The in-plane torsional stiffness is introduced using assumptions based on the micropolar theory to avoid actual or near singularity of the global stiffness matrix and divergence of the numerical solution. The versatility and efficiency of the present method is illustrated by several examples. The numerical results indicate that the present method enable to pursue the postbuckling behavior of plate elements of structural members even in the range of very large deflection. In the plane of the web plate, deflections of the line junctions between intersecting plate elements or those of the unloaded edges become very large in the more advanced postbuckling range, and it is shown that the strength of the member or the plate element decreases in the case of elastic problems.
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MICHIO SHIBATA, TAKESHI NAKAMURA, MINORU WAKABAYASHI
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
18-24
Published: June 30, 1982
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Hysteretic behavior of single braces has been formulated mathematically. This study focuses on braces having a rectangular or wide-flange cross section designed to buckle about its weak axis and a slenderness ratio of between 30 and 150. The formulation is based primarily on experimental results derived by Wakabayashi et al. (ref. 23). The idealized loop is composed of one mechanism line in tension and compression ranges respectively, the linear elastic range, and the full plastic range in tension. Deterioration of strength and rigidity under load reversal is evaluated appropriately by translation rules of the mechanism lines. The hysteresis loops have the following characteristics, showing good agreement with the experimental results. (1) The axial force of a brace is expressed by simple functions with respect to the axial displacement, and the hysteretic rule is simple. (2) Parameters controling the hysteretic characteristics are expressed in terms of the nondimensional slenderness ratio of the brace only. (3) Deterioration of strength and rigidity under load reversal, which is distinctive in the braces, is adequately estimated. (4) Transient state caused by random input is duplicated consistently with sufficient accuracy.
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YOSHIHISA ATOBE, MORIO TAKEUCHI, SATORU KAZAMA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
25-34
Published: June 30, 1982
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In this paper, the authors propose the method of calculation to obtain the In-put waves deducible from the response waves measured on a building at the time of earthquake, by eliminating the effect of self-vibration of building. This calculation method and the In-put waves thus obtained may be called "the Inverse-response calculation" and "the Inverse-response waves", respectively. In this analysis, a building is treated as a multi-story system allowing the sway of foundation, and the Inverse-response waves are calculated by applying the modal analysis, Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform. In this study, the vibration tests were made of a model building by means of the random-shaking table, to confirm practically the above calculating method adaptable, and further, the Inverse-response waves were calculated from the observed waves on several actual buildings in Tokyo at the time of Higashimatsuyama earthquake on July 1, 1968 (Intensity=IV, (JMA scale), in Tokyo). From the results so far obtained, it has been concluded that the calculation method, which forms the subject of this paper is of a practical use to investigate the vibrational characteristics of the earthquake ground motions from the Inverse-response waves, especially in case of meagreness of the observation of the ground motion.
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GI HONG
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
35-40
Published: June 30, 1982
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This paper describes an analytical method to estimate the plastic response in simple soil-structure system subjected by white noise, and the effect of the soil condition on input energy and plastic response in hysteretic structures is discussed.
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YOSHITSURA YOKOO, TSUNEYOSHI NAKAMURA, KOJI UETANI, IZURU TAKEWAKI
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
41-52
Published: June 30, 1982
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SUKENOBU TANI, NAOHITO HORI, ISAO MIDORIKAWA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
53-64
Published: June 30, 1982
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It is the purpose of this report to formulate and solve theoretically the rocking motions of cantilevered circular cylindrical shells partially filled with liquid subjected horizontal earthquake excitations. For containers, thin cylindrical shells are considered and a rigid rotation about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the plane of vibration is considered under the rigid base and the internal liquid is assumed to be ideal liquid. The stiffness of the foundation under the base is assumed to be independent to the excitation frequencies. The fundamental equations are obtained based on the Flugge approximation, the linear elastic shell theory with small deflection and the potential flow theory. Since the frequencies of the first few dominant modes of liquid sloshing are usually much smaller than the frequencies of liquid-shell system, the impulsive pressure is derived by an assumption of rigid motion with respect to the free surface of internal liquid. The impulsive pressure is devided into the pressures of rocking mode, elastic displacement mode and rigid motion mode, respectively. The method used herein are that the unit displacement modes are expanded into the series based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method and boundary value problems on the shell surface are solved with respect to the three displacement mode of the shell. Numerical computations proved that the rocking mode is dominant mode at the first natural mode and decrease the natural frequencies of fixed shells and increase the response pressures of tall shells.
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KIYOSHI KANETA, HIDEKAZU NISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
65-71
Published: June 30, 1982
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In order to examine the applicability of the X-ray stress measurement, the X-ray diffraction studies have been performed together with the microscopic observation of materials. Then, this method has been applied to measure the residual stress of the welded steel columns. The test results can be summarized as follows. I) The X-ray measured stress and the mechanical stress well coside each other. II) X-ray diffraction method can offer a powerfull tool for the evaluation of the residual stress of the welded steel members.
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MAMORU TAJIMA, HIROSHI KIMURA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
72-78
Published: June 30, 1982
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This paper covers a method to correctly examine each facility area in the town center from a viewpoint of energy supply and to strive for curtailment of energy consumption quantity and reduction in scale of city plants (or installation of urban) in an entire area for development of a new town and redevelopment of the existing town area. Contents of this paper are described below. 1. Purpose of study 2. Survey and analysis on the current conditions of town center 2.1 Redevelopment of the existing town area and development of new town area 2.2 Establishment of scale and character, etc. of facility to be studied 3. Study method 4. Conclusion In the final explanation, the following merits are estimated as a result that the method described in the paper was examined. 1) Proper combinations and area allocation of various facilities can be selected from a viewpoint of energy consumption at a stage of drawing up a master plan. 2) A size of facility area can be roughly estimated from a standpoint of energy consumption. 3) This planning method can also be applied to both land utilization method and construction method in the city planning. 4) The meaning of the planning method is to work hard for energy saving in the town or entire area and further it is fully expected that the method brings an effect on reduction in a capacity of city plants. 5) An energy operating rate is improved and an economical feature is also increased, thus enabling to contribute to elimination of environmental pollution since the city plant capacity can be reduced. It is considered that it is getting more important in the future not only to partially and technically make a judgement of an energy problem, but also to introduce a long-term social and economical consideration about this problem to the plan. For this, it is suggested that it is essential to apply the planning method described in the paper. In particular, it will become necessary in the future to make up a simple and practical method which can be applied at the stage of master plan on redevelopment of the existing town area and so on.
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MASAHIKO ARAKI, TADAO SUGIMOTO, TAKASHI TSUTIYA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
79-87
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In architectural spaces such as station environment and underground paths, in spite of signs for activity guide being within the visual level, the visual search tasks are getting difficult because of the many kinds of signs which must be accepted. In the previous report, the hypothesis of probability of variables was investigated by analysing the processing time and the eye movement, and the model of processing time which expresses information calculated by the probability of each variable of the element. In this paper, the complexity level which shows the scale of difficulty level of visual search tasks based on the complexity of signs in the architectural space is defined using the concept of average information. Then the model of complexity level which is worked out from average information (entropy) and the model of processing time is proposed. And quantative analysis was carried out for each model by the model of complexity level and then the range of complexity level of each model was investigated. Analysing the relation between complexity level and sign processing time, the following matters are concluded. 1) According to the complexity level of the information field, the processing time of identity signs changes. 2) In the information field where all signs are processed evenly, signs should be positioned according to the way that the variables of the relative level of complexity is as close as "1". Based on these results, Complexity level of signs are found to be the effective scale for evaluating environment from the view point of sign search. Physical quantity of signs measured from the models is not a continuous variables. So the relation between the continuous physical quantity and the range of complexity level was analysed. Then a more simple method of measuring complexity was proposed, which is the way measuring physical quantities of signs are required for introducing complexity level from the photos. Using this method, several complexity levels along the underground spaces were culculated continuously.
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SUSUMU SUGIURA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
88-98
Published: June 30, 1982
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Dans le dessein du groupe ou de l'ensemble des logements, il est necessair pour faire un projet rationnel que la relation entre une valeur elementaire du projet et une faculte realisee par le plan dessine ait ete conue. Ces recherches arretent leur attention sur quelques facultes qui sont apportees par l'etendue de l'espace dehors du quarties residentiel. Nous avons divise les facultes de l'espace dehors du quartier residentiel en deux groupes. Le premier groupe est la comodite et la securite, et deuxieme groupe est la sensation spacieuse, le confort de l'espace hehors au solil ou la condition de la croissance des plantes etc.. L'article de la valeur elementaire qui concerne etroitement des facultes (on le denome "l'indice de dessein") a ete cherche, et nous avons etabli "le taux d'espace dehors (U)" (texte p.90) comme de l'indice de dessein. Apres fixer "la superficie de l'espace dehors par tete (R/J)" comme l'indice des facultes du premier groupe, et "le moyen taux de l'omble du soleil (Z)" comme l'indice des facultes de peuxieme groupe (on denome tel indice "l'indice de faculte"), nous avons verifie l'efficacite de l'indice de dessein au moyen d'examiner la relation entre l'indice de dessein et l'indice de faculte sur cent projets realises recement qui constitues par des types varies de l'ensemble des logemens, du groupe de la maison individuelle au grand ensemble de logement collectif de haut niveau. La relation entre "U" et "R/J" est exprimee par l'expression (4) (texte p.93), et al correlation entre "U" et "Z" est exprimee dans la Fig.5 (texte p.96) et par l'expression (5) (texte p.96). Dailleurs, nous avons fait la comparaison des valeure de "U" de chaque type du groupe des logements realises (Fig.6, texte p.97). En definitive, conformement a eux, nous exposons que le taux d'espace dehors "U" est suffisamment utile comme un indice de dessein concernant des facultes de l'espace dehors du quartier residentiel.
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NAOJI MATSUMOTO, HIROKUNI TANIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
99-106
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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AIMS The present study is part of a series of "Studies on the Planning of Exterior Spaces". The purpose of those studies is to furnish fundamental data on exterior space design by analysing the correlations between visual effects and physical elements in order to estimate visual effect values. This study reports here the results of the following objectives using the visual effect values : (1) abstraction of physical elements; (2) classification of scenes of apartment blocks. METHOD Certain public residential areas were considered for this purpose as positioning of buildings play an important part. Then 24 small scale models from those settings were produced, and 423 viewing points within those spaces were evaluated by eight semantic bipolar scales. To observe from the standing height of the models, a fiber scope was adopted. The evaluated values were analysed by Factor Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. RESULTS (1) 11 physical elements such as existence of a facing building, distance between a viewing point and buildings, relative occupation of buildings in the visual field, were abstracted. (2) Scenes of apartment blocks were classified into 7 groups and their correlations with the resulting visual effects were analysed.
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SHIRO AOKI, YOSHIRO YAMAMORI
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
107-112
Published: June 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Tohoku district (65925.71km^2, 9232875 habitants, 1975) of Japan has been widely urbanized during the last twentyfive years. We can divide the region into 42 daily urban arers (DUA) according to daily life movement such as commuting to work or attending school. DUA consists of central urban district (CUD) and outer dependent areas (ODA) and has a population of 87.6% in Tohoku district except isolated areas. Average population in CUD : 120060 habitants Average population in DUA : 192496 habitants Average radius of DUA : 19.1km Thus we can get various patterns of DUA following the size of the number of CUD population. And the characteristics of spatial structure of DUA is as follows : the larger CUD population is, 1. the larger DUA population, 2. the larger ratio of CUD population to whole DUA population, 3. the larger growth of CUD population, 4. the larger growth of DUA population, and 5. the larger radius of DUA is. We must pay attention to the characteristics of DUA in regional planning such as location of public service facilities, transit network and land use.
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SHIGEO KAWAMOTO
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
113-119
Published: June 30, 1982
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WATARU SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
120-126
Published: June 30, 1982
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On the previous paper, Part 1, the State Chamber and the Halls of State of Asuka-kiyomihara and Fujiwara Imperial Palace were investigated. On this paper and the following paper, we would examine the examples of Daigokuden, Chodo and Daian-den, Nan-en in Heijo Imperial Palace. Main contents of this paper are as follows : 1) Daigoku-den and Chodo in the reign of the Empress Gemmei and the Empress Gensei (710〜724 A. D.). 2) Daigoku-den, Chodo and Daian-den, Nan-en, before the transfer of the capital to Kuni-kyo, in the reign of the Emperor Shomu (724〜740 A. D.).
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TOSHIO ASANO
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
127-136
Published: June 30, 1982
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This paper is to analyse the perspective ratio or perspective design method adopted by Brunelleschi in the projection of the Old Sacristy of San Lorenzo in Florence. The part I of this paper divided in two parts is a proportion-analysis of the Sacristy's ground plan, which will serve as an introductory study for the part II dealing with the perspective-analysis of the elevation. Conclusions of the part I are, [1] The ratio or perspective ratio, defined by the author in a narrow sense as a numerical relation applied in this perspective design method, of (1 : 3) was strictly clarified. It was only possible through our new proportion-analysis method. [2] The perspective ratio does not concern with the orthogonal projection but with the perspective drawing; perspective ratio is tridimensional, it doesnot disclose itself in the ground plan which can only be represented as orthogonal projection. Any traditional proportion-analyses are, at any rate, not proved method for the composition of this architect. [3] The perspective-proportion-analysis made clear of the module composition of the Sacristy; the module is the width of the pilaster constituting in a pair the front of the chaple. The side of the large square which determines the plan of main space is exactly 18 modules, and the side of the small square for the chapel is 6 modules, which are all represented in the perspective drawing of the Sacristy.
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HAJIME OBATA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
137-144
Published: June 30, 1982
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Als "Munchner Gruppe" werden in diesem Aufsatz jene Kunstler bezeichnet, die um das Jahr 1900 ein neuen Kunstgewerbe in Munchen versucht hatten, z.B. R. Riemerschmid, B. Paul, B. Pankok u.a. Um ihre volkswirtschaftliche und realistische Tatigkeit zu verstehen, gliedert sich der Aufsatz in folgende Artikel : I. Einleitung II. Die Vereinigten Werkstatten fur Kunst im Handwerk zu Munchen III. Die Dresdner Werkstatten fur Handwerkskunst III-1. R. Riemerschmid und die Maschinenmobel III-2. R. Riemerschmid und die Gartenstadt hellerau IV. Schluβ
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KEIZO NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1982Volume 316 Pages
145-153
Published: June 30, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982Volume 316 Pages
App1-
Published: June 30, 1982
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