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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 312 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 312 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982 Volume 312 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 312 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1982
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KOICHI KISHITANI, SEIICHI OKA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
1-8
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The following may be said within the scope of this study : 1) With delayed addition of superplasticizer, the yield value and plastic viscosity of paste will be greatly reduced. 2) With superplasticized concretes of identical mix proportions, slump will be higher the lower the yield value of the paste. 3) The yield value of paste after superplasticizing is higher the greater the delay in addition of the superplasticizer, and moreover, the faster the agitating speed after superplasticizing. But, it is hardly influenced by the agitating speed during superplasticizing. Therefore, slump loss will be more the later the time of superplasticizing, and the faster the agitating speed of the mixer after superplasticizing. And further, the agitating speed during superplasticizing will have little influence on slump loss.
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TOSHIYUKI YOSHINO, EIJI KAMADA, MASAYUKI TABATA, TOSHIYUKI YANAGI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
9-17
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to establish a new method for the estimation of concrete strength by means of pore structure consideration. In this paper, the correlation between concrete strength and pore structure was investigated, and the calculated value, by using the empirical equations derived in this study, and the value obtained by using already known equations which express the relation between strength and pore structure were compared. Three tests, as shown in Table 1, were carried out; one preliminary test (Series I) and two fundamental tests (Series II, III). In the preliminary test, several mix proportions of concrete with or without air entraining agent were chosen under combinations of various water cement ratio, slump and aggregates of different sources. The preliminary test was carried out to judge the factors which diffuse the correlation between compressive strength and porosity of concrete. The object of the fundamental tests was to derive the empirical equations for estimation of concrete strength. Test of Series II was carried out to investigate the influence of age and conditions of curing on the concrete strength, and test of Series III was carried out to study the effect of the kind of cements, respectively. Strength tests were carried out by using 10φ×20cm cylinderical test specimens. The investigation of pore structure of concrete was carried out by using mercury porosimeter and small crushed pieces of concrete collected from specimens after strength test. Weight loss of concrete at a temperature of 600℃ was also measured, and then the dissolving test of concrete using 10% HCI solution was carried out after weight loss test. These test results of crushed sample were applied to determine several indicators concerning pore structure and degree of hydration of cement. As the results of preliminary test, the porosity was expressed as the value of "TPV" which was the amount of total pore volume divided by the total weight of sample, and it was found that the correlation between concrete strength and TPV differed by the kind of aggregates, and the slump of concrete (Fig. 3). Therefore, it was found that the modification of the difference between concrete strength and TPV was very difficult, even if some other factors, which were able to be obtained from pieces of concrete, would be applied for the modification. On the other hand, in the value of the case where "ETPV", which was expressed as the value of total pore volume divided by the weight of hardened cement paste in the sample, a simple proportional relation was obtained under the same age or same curing conditions (Fig. 4). On this account, it seemed that the latter relation could be adopted to determine the empirical equation for the estimation of concrete strength. The empirical equation was presented by means of multiple regression analysis. In this analysis, four predictor variables, such as three indicators concerning the fineness and shape of pore structure ("Me" and "Re"), the degree of hydration ("Wc" or "Age") and ETPV were used to estimate concrete strength simultaneously. For the regression analysis, 140 pieces of data (shown in Table 1) were used. The analytical result was given by equation (4), which led to coefficient of correlation of 0.984. And the application of Age instead of Wc yielded equation (5) where coefficient of correlation was 0.981. The relation between observed value and calculated value of compressive strength by equation (4) is shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 shows the relations obtained by equations (6)′, (8)′, (9)′ and (10)′ respectively, and the value of coefficient of correlation are shown in Table 5. Thus, the calculated value of compressive strength by equation (4) gave a better correspondence to the observed value than that by these existing equations. These empirical equations derived in this paper were
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Takayuki SHIMAZU
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
18-27
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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SHIZUO HAYASHI, SEIJI KOKUSHO, TOORU OSANAI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
28-35
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It is necessary to know the bond behavior between concrete and reinforcement in tensile zone of the section in order to analyze the elasto-plastic deformation characteristics of reinforced concrete columns. In this paper, the bond tests were carried out by using the reinforced concrete columns which have the same section as the specimens of bending tests and the method of analysis in consideration of bond is presented based on the results of the bond tests. Concrete between cracks heightens axial rigidity of reinforcement and this function can be represented by the suppositional force which works in the section at the position of the reinforcement. The relations between the suppositional force depending on the bond stress and strain of the reinforcement are modified from the test of reinforced concrete columns subjected to repeated axial tension and compression. The result of the analysis which is presented in this paper on this model agree with the experimental results of reinforced concrete columns subjected to pure bending moment and changing axial force.
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KAZUO KONDOH
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
36-46
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, it is showed that the new discrete method proposed in previous paper, based on modified complementary energy principle, can be applied to arbitrary one-dimensional members, and this method provides with models having no discretizing errors for any state of stiffness distribution and load. Also, for its practical examples, three new one-dimensional models are developed, that are a circular arch model, a plane beam-column model with shear deformation and a space beam-column model, and the validity of these models for the problem of material non-linearity be duly proved by a series of numerical analysis.
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SATSUYA SODA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
47-53
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Probability distribution function of the dynamic response of the nonlinear system is non-Gaussian. But, in the existing theoretical analyses, to simplify the procedure, probability distribution is commonly assumed to be Gaussian. Therefore, such statistical responses as standard deviation and maximum value may have inadmissible errors in some cases. The purpose of the paper is to have a close examination on these errors and to get a consistent approximate method, by which the effect of the non-Gaussian distribution of the response can be taken into considerations. To get a non-Gaussian approximated solution, forth order Edgeworth's series is used to represent a non-Gaussian probability distribution function. From the Fokker-Planck equation, that is the partial differential equation of the probability distribution, by applying integrals by parts, simultaneous equations of the moment of the response will be obtained. From the investigations for some typical nonlinear systems, following conclusions are obtained : 1) Gaussian assumption may bring about inadmissible errors, especially in the case of estimating a maximum response. 2) Forth order Edgeworth's series can effectively be used to represent a non-Gaussian probability distribution function of most of the nonlinear systems.
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KIYOSHI ISHII, HIROSHI YAMAHARA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
54-62
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, the authers deal with the filtering effect of foundation slab for earthquake inputs. The subject of this paper is divided into two main parts. One is the theoretical discussion of the filtering effect based on the Kausel's theoretical formulation. In this formulation, the filtering effect is given by the earthquake response analysis in which the mass of structure is ignored. The other is the discussion on the filtering effect of foundation slab based on earthquake observation records of a inground tank. And, the simulation is performed to verify the above theory using the finite element method (FEM). The conditions of inground tank is very suitable to study the filtering effect, because this tank could be assumed generously as "a massless rigid foundation" which is a basic model to understand the filtering effect. After the examination of observed records, the filtering effect of foundation slab is very clearly recognized. For example, the higher frequency components than 2.5 Hz of earthquake responses on the foundation are less intensity under 40 percent than that of adjcent free field. The results of the simulation agree with those of observations very well. Then, in the FEM program used in this paper, the earthquake input is assumed as the shear waves which propagate vertically in the ground right under the structural foundation. Therefore, the following important idea is pointed out. As before, we paid attention to the filtering effect on the only bottom of the foundation slab. However, in the real situation, it seems likely that the filtering effect is produced more on the side walls than on the bottom of the foundation.
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MAKOTO WATABE, MASANOBU TOHDO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
63-71
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Response spectra of the earthquake ground motions are proposed, based on the analysis of the relations among the above response spectra, magnitude and focal distance of earthquake. In latter part research on the characteristics of three dimensional earthquake ground motions is introduced.
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HISASHI SHIMODAIRA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
72-83
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes the application of eight-node and six-node isoparametric shell elements to analysis of orthotropic plates and shells. A formulation of the element stiffness matrix, which reduces computation time is presented. A representation procedure of orthotropy is presented, in which the principal directions of elasticity vary linearly over elements. In order to investigate the influences of numerical integration schemes of stiffuess matrices on analysis results, orthotropic square plates are analysed and compared with the exact solutions. The results show that the reduced numerical integration has similar effects to the ones in isotropy on improving element performance. Several examples are given to assess the accuracy of analysis results attainable, which include a circular plate, an annular plate, a cylindrical shell, a shallow shell and a hemispherical shell in orthotropic situations. The results agree considerably well with the analytical solutions and the validity of the representation procedure of orthotropy presented in this paper is confirmed.
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TAKAHIRO NOGUCHI, FUJIO ADACHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
84-91
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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House planning should correspond with the natural features and various living conditions peculiar to the region. It seems that the living style in Hokkaido is very different from that in other warm and mild regions of Japan. The object of this paper is to make clear the characteristics. The main features are as follows; 1. In the long winter in Hokkaido, people stay indoors almost all day long. Therefore the time of indoor life in Hokkaido is much longer than that of the warm and mild regions. 2. The various activities, as play of children, social life with neighbors, washing and drying, working and so on, are taken place in the house. The living room is the main space where most of these activities are carried on. 3. Members of a family frequently gather together in the living room and they spend plenty of time there. Accordingly the living room is of great importance as a manifold living space in their houses. 4. Because of this active living in the house, the sitting-form in the chair is more prominent than the traditional sitting-form on the mat, and this brings them using of large-sized furnitures. This living style demands the typical house planning, which is different from that of Japanese traditional houses.
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MASAHIKO ARAKI, KENICHI HASHIIDE, MAKOTO TANAKA, TADAO SUGIMOTO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
92-99
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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J. Gould mentioned the following general factors which affect the eye movement during visual search tasks. 1) The nature of the search task. 2) The information the observer has about the target's characteristics. 3) The observer's expectanceies. 4) The observer's past experience. Based on these four factors, the first target is roughly fixed to the position within the peripheral field, and then it is introduced to the fovea which has sharp discrimination. Repeating this procesess, cognitive fields are gradually enlarged. This process is a kind of choice through eye movement, and so targets with higher chances of the search are imagined to be processed and discriminated succesively. As N. H. Mackworth pointed out in his thesis "Visual noise causes tunnel vision", noise factors of visual search tasks during this process are especially the noise around the target, although it has many kinds of noise factors. In this paper, in order to make the effect of many kinds of noise influences to the eye movement clear, models were prepared which has only the factors with no varieties which the targets normally have. With these models, the following items were analysed by using eye movement parameters about disperse ratio of a fixated point, location and mean duration of fixations. 1) In the experiment about factor density and visual search field within S. V. F. (static visual field) and C. V. F. (Cinetic Visual Field), the following matters are concluded. The distribution density is higher in the S. V. F., the cognitive field is narrower, and in the C. V. F., fixation ratio toward the target is lower because visual search tasks are down without fixating the target because of the noise caused by the factor density. 2) In the experiment about visual search task and eye movement, the following matters are concluded. There are large differences of eye movement before and after targets are searched. That is, before targets are searched, scan paths are arranged according to the position of the elements. On the other hand, once targets are searched, scan paths are getting random, because eye movement for visual search for new targets and the eye movement for cognitive targets are mixed up. 3) In the experiment of eye movement in the connection with elements for the objects (distribution, regularity, variety), the following matters are concluded. The distribution of elements in the model is less, the time for cognition is longer. The arrangement of targets are more irregular, and the numbers of contents of the elements are more, quantities of visual search tasks per hour are less, and duration of fixation for cognition between elements are longer. Probability measures according to the quantity of noise can be adopted because the visual search tasks are the process of cognition continuously changing the target by the successive eye movement within duration of fixation per one target.
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MASAO AOKI, TAKAKAZU TOMOKIYO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
100-108
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper we deal with the joint use type hospitals which are unique to Japan. The purpose of this study is to classify the joint use type hospitals and to clarify the characteristic of the medical services in each class. The joint use type hospitals are classified into two and each of them is into two. In (1) class, the hospitals are established in the areas where the more beds and the fewer clinics or the fewer beds and the fewer clinics per person are contained. These hospitals supply the medical services which active medical staffs are not able to do. In (2) class, the hospitals are established in the areas where the fewer beds and the more clinics or the fewer beds and the fewer clinics per person are contained. The hospitals in this class supply the medical services which active medical staffs are able to do. The characteristic of the in and out-patient clinic and the operation which are considered as the main medical services also corresponds to this classification.
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SADAO WATANABE, YUKIO NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
109-114
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Latest inquiry of historic towns in Japan which was made by Dept. of Construction indicates that there are 462 historic towns in 307 different cities. This paper will clarify the current situation of the historic towns as contrasted with urban core from the viewpoint of city planning. Contents of the paper are as follows : 1. problems of listing and demarcating the historic area 2. distribution of historic towns and their present condition in a whole city 3. distribution of varieties of historic towns and their problems 4. planned primary distributors which will penetrate the historic towns 5. existing estate of marchants' district and samurai's district in 'Jokamachi'
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NORIOKI ISHIMARU
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
115-122
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In Hiroshima which suffered war-damage of the destruction by an atomic bomb, many planning ideas have been developed through the reconstruction planning. This paper intends to study the character and the population of city among those planning ideas. The contents are as follows : 1) purpose of the studies, 2) how to grasp planning ideas and method of the studies, 3) planning process of the reconstruction planning for war-damaged area and the outline of the plan, 4) planning ideas of the character and the population of city, 5) instead of conclusion. As the results, this study makes clear the planning idea of industrial city, that of complexed function city, that of transfering the city, that of small city and etc., which have been developed in Hiroshima.
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SHOTARO KOIZUMI, MASAKATSU MIKUNI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
123-132
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is to reveal the actual state of the dwellings and the use of the surrounding space, and also their trend. Besides, it aims to gain principles of planning connecting with the growth of the residents' personality. This research is carried out on the basis of the residents' consciousness, using the concepts of "individuality" and "collectivity". This fishing village was densely populated before, but recently the density has become higher mainly because of the increase of two-storied houses. The numbers of the rooms have grown more, which enables each generation to have its own bedroom. On the other hand, there is a tendency that all the family gather in one room for having meals, spending a happy time or entertaining guests. The defects of the overpopulated housing conditions are made up for by alleys, public space or meeting places near by. The concepts of "individuality" and "collectivity" can be applied to the relation between private rooms and rooms partitioned by sliding doors (Japanese "fusuma"), and between private houses and public space. They are not independent each other but exist influencing mutually. This point must be made much of in planning houses and surrounding areas.
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NATSUO NUMANO, AKIRA SHIKATO, YOSHIHIKO SASAKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
133-143
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to realize the general types of rural areas, marked by the differences in actual conditions of industries, farms and villages, and their mutuality. Analyses are done in following order. 1) Considering the method of area setting suitable for the purpose. 2) Setting areas temporarily as forty-one local city commuting areas in the eastern part of Japan, and selecting the objects finally after an examination on the composition of industries in the local cities. 3) Classifying the areas to some types by the principal component analysis on the barometers about industries, farms and villages, and population of each area. 4) Analyzing the state of relations between industries and rural regions in each type of area by the case studies on the typical ones. Finally, the general patterns of the types are clarified as follows : i) Low or middle grade industrialized area ; The progress of industrialization is relatively behind, and the relations between industries and rural labor forces are slight. ii) Rural industries fastened area; Industrial employments of farming families are numerous, though the density of industries is not very high. Large part of industries are intensive in labor, and scattered about the area. There are almost no rapid changes in agriculture. iii) Highly industrialized area ; Large concentration of the heavy industry with high productivity is in urban district. Farmhouses and agricultural lands are reducing rapidly. There are plural patterns in the relations between industries and rural regions in industrialized areas. The variety is mainly caused by the difference of the quality of industries.
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TAKASHI YASUDA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
144-151
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In Osaka Metropolitan Area, the percentage of occupied apartment houses supplied by private enterprises of the housing supply is increasing rapidly, especially in recent ten years. In this paper, I report the tendencies of allocation, allocation pattern, and housing level of the occupied apartment houses supplied by private enterprises. By this study, I found out that the allocation area is extending to inner city and urban fringe from some specific areas, allocations in industrial district is increasing, and building bulk is highest in commercial district. And in inner city, the size of sites is almost small-especially in commercial district, the size of dwelling unit is also smaller than in other areas.
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WATARU SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
152-160
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The Shishin-den, the supreme hall of the Imperial Domicile (Dairi-seiden, 内裏正殿) in Heian-kyu, is described as Zen-den (前殿, the State Chamber) in the Nihon-kouki (one of the Rikkoku-shi, the authentic chronicles of Japan compiled by the central government between the 8th and the 9th centuries). The terms of Zen-den are also recorded in the Nihon-shoki and the Shoku-nihongi (one of the Rikkoku-shi) ; therefore the Shishin-den is supposed to have followed not only Dairi-seiden, but also Zen-den of the former ages. The aim of this study is to show the architectural characteristics of the original Shishin-den by investigating the histories of Zen-den and Dairi-seiden, on the basis of the Rikkoku-shi and the excavation of the ancient imperial palace site. In order to study these facts, however, it is necessary to show the relations between Zen-den and Daigoku-den (大極殿), Daian-den (大安殿), Chodo (朝堂, the Halls of State), which were the central buildings in the palace grounds. Therefore, another aim of this study is to investigate the relations between those buildings in each palace from Asuka-kiyomihara-kyu to Heian-kyu. As the terms of Zen-den and Chodo recorded in the Rikkoku-shi were referred to chinese terminology, we'd like to study the origin of those buildings and definitely show their characteristics by comparing them with the examples of Qiandian (前殿) and Zhaotang (朝堂) of the ancient imperial palace in China. On this paper, Part 1, the State Chamber and the Halls of State of Asuka-kiyomihara-kyu and Fujiwara-kyu have been investigated. The results obtained from this study are as follows : 1) Daigoku-den described in the chapter of the Emperor Tenmu of the Nihon-shoki is supposed to have been the identical building with Daian-den of Asuka-kiyomihara-kyu which was the supreme hall of Nai-cho, or the residential part of the Imperial Palace. 2) The original Daigoku-den in Japan was built at Fujiwara-kyu as Zen-den, that is, the State Chamber of Chucho, or the formal part of the Imperial Palace, imitating Taijidian (太極殿) in Chang'an capital in the Tang age. 3) Both Chodo of Asuka-kiyomihara and Fujiwara Imperial Palace were used not only as halls for official ceremonies and banquets, but also as chambers for administering State affairs.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
161-
Published: February 28, 1982
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
162-
Published: February 28, 1982
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
163-
Published: February 28, 1982
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 312 Pages
164-
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 312 Pages
App2-
Published: February 28, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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