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Article type: Cover
1975 Volume 229 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1975
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Article type: Cover
1975 Volume 229 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1975
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Article type: Index
1975 Volume 229 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1975
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Article type: Index
1975 Volume 229 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1975
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Koichi Kishitani, Makoto Mori
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
1-14,187
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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To summarize the results of the experiments, it may be thought it would be somewhat effective to make composite materials which are made of ordinary portland cement as the matrix and high polymer as dispersed phase. Form the standpoint of combustibility, however, except for carbon fibers, even with small amounts of addition of high polymers, considerable caution should be needed in terms of building materials at fire.
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SHIRO MORITA, TETSUZO KAKU
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
15-24,187
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The effects of the loading histories on the local bond-slip relationship was investigated from the reinforced concrete specimens, in which the test bars were effectively contacted with concrete in a short length (four times the pitch of transverse rib). It could be pointed out throughout the test observation that a small number of repitition within a limited slip range did not give a significant effect on the bond-slip behavior at a larger slip in the subsequent cycles and, on the other hand, once the peak slip was increased, a considerable reduction in bond was produced at a lower slip in the subsequent loading history. From the test results, the basic bond-slip law under repeated loading was derived, which provided a satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The basic bond-slip law was successfully applied to the prediction of the behavior of concentrically reinforced concrete prisms under repeated loading. It was also recognized that the degree of the concrete confinement surrounding the bar gave a significant influence on the shape of the envelope curve of bond-slip relationship.
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KATSUKI TAKIGUCHI, SEIJI KOKUSHO, KENJI OKADA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
25-33,188
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper deals with methods and results of the experiments on reinforced concrete columns subjected to bi-axial bending moments. 14 test specimens under different combinations of bi-axial bending moments and different loading paths were tested. Remarkable points of this new loading and measuring method are as follows; 1) Bi-axial bending moments are loaded independently each other. 2) Bi-axial flexural deformations and elongation of the specimen are measured by 4 dial gages. 3) The loading and measuring apparatus folows large deforming process up to about 20 times deformation at yield moment. As the results of the experiments, following relationships are shown; 1) M_1 (bending moment on 1-axis) and φ_1 (flexural deformation on 1-axis) 2) M_2 (bending moment on 2-axis) and φ_2 (flexural deformation on 2-axis) 3) φ_1 and φ_2 4) ⊿L (elongation of specimen) and φ (total flexural deformation; √<φ_1^2+φ_2^2>) 5) M (total bending moment; √<M_1^2+M_2^2>) and W (total absorbed energy; ∫M_1dφ_1+∫M_2dφ_2) 6) M_1, M_2, φ_1 and φ_2 at yield moment 7) φ_1 and φ_2 at maximum moment
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YUTAKA OHTA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
35-41,188
Published: March 30, 1975
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An optimization technique under the unconstrained condition was introduced into earthquake engineering for the purpose to elucidate dynamic characteristics of the ground and building during an earthquake. In this report a main effort was paid for the estimation of the underground structure at SMAC site in Hachinohe city, where a very strong motion had been recorded at 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake. Known quantities are a couple of seismic records at the free surface and at 50m in depth. Structural parameters to be optimized are S wave velocities and Q values. Flows of optimization procedure are illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. Optimal spectral ratio between two seismometer positions shows a good agreement to that by the observation (see Fig.7). Physical meaning of the results by this technique was also investigated.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
43-51,189
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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As far as we discuss the lateral buckling problems of I-shaped beams under the axial force and the end couples in plan of the web, we can easily understand the buckling behaviour by looking at it as column buckling of compression flange in the weak direction. First, the equilibrium equations of the lateral buckling are derived in terms of the lateral deformation of each flange of I-shaped beams. The approximate buckling stress for doubly symmetric I-shaped beams is obtained with measuring rule of the adequate slenderness ratio of compression flange of beams. And then, as a result of substituting the actual value about some I-shaped beams including wide flange sections and plate girders, it's made clear that the resultant equation closely approximates the exact solution. The lateral buckling problems of I-shaped beams with unequal flanges are also analyzed, and similar results are obtained. Finally, on the basis of these results the author makes clear design formulas for bending I-shaped beams and plate girders, and discusses these results comparing with the design formulas of A. I. J. Specification.
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, MAMORU IWATA, FUMITOSHI NAKATANI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
53-61,189
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper intends to obtain the reference data in order to make better column formulas, considering the scatter of buckling load in compressive members. In consideration of the scatter of the buckling load, we investigate the effect of random initial imperfections, which are random residual stress, random yield stress and random initial deflection thought most important, with probabilistic methods. In the first, the probability distribution of buckling loads about weak axis for rolled H-section members are made with the Monte-Carlo simulation procedure mainly. Next, we statistically deal with the result of the simulation and obtain the probability distribution function, mean value, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the buckling load. And we considered them carefully. After all, some properties connected with the variation of buckling load in compressive members are represented definitely. Furthermore, reffering to the allowable compressive stress in Steel Structural Design Specification (A. I. J.), we point out that the factor of safety in column formula is doubtful about critical slenderness ratio.
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TAKEKAZU TAGUCHI, AKIRA SASAGAWA, TSUIUO MINOSHIMA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
63-66,190
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous paper, we have reported about the shearing stress distribution of beam -to-column connections in steel square-tube columns considering the variation of shearing stress distribution in wall thickness. In this paper, we compare the theoretical values which we have solved in the previous paper with experimental values. In this experiment three specimens are tested, which have same wideflange-beam and three types of columns. Those width of tube wall are equal and the width-to-thickness ratios of them are different. Those specimens are loaded to be subjected to bending, shear and thrust in their connections. In consequence of experimental research, theoretical values of the shearing stress distribution on the boundaries of the cross section approximate experimental them.
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BEN KATO, HIROSHI AKIYAMA, KEIHIKO INOUE
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
67-76,190
Published: March 30, 1975
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As for the post-buckling behavior of the steel columns, Paris's method is available. But Paris's theory does not cover the case of short columns. By taking account of strain hardening and accumulation of plastic strain on the centroidal axis of column, an analytical method suitable for predicting short column behavior was developed. Through comparison with test results, the proposed method was verified to be sufficient enough to complement Paris's method.
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KOICHI TAKANASHI, KUNIAKI UDAGAWA, MATSUTARO SEKI, TSUNEO OKADA, HISAS ...
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
77-83,190
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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KATSUZO ITO, HARUYO OHNO
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
85-91,191
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Based upon their observation data for two years in Suita City near Osaka, the authors had previously proposed standard sky luminance for lighting design. But as sky luminance is affected by solar altitude and atmospheric condition, the proposed value can not always be applicable to all other districts in Japan. In the present paper attempts are made to estimate values for other districts by making corrections in the primary data in the following two ways. 1. correction with latitude (occurrence rate of solar altitude) and meteorological data. 2. correction ditto above, neglecting the difference in meteorological condition. The results obtained in these two ways were very similar. And the differences between the upper, lower and median values in 80% and 90% ranges for almost all locations and these for Osaka were found to be within ±10% range. When this 10% allowance is acceptable, the values previously proposed for Osaka could be used in all districts in Japan irrespective of the differences in lalitude and meteorological condition. Even when the demand calls for more precise values it will be sufficient to give the standard values at 4 degrees intervals in latitude.
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YASUO NISHI, TAKEO KOZIMA, SYUNTARO HIGA, SHUNJI OKAMOTO
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
93-100,191
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The authors of this paper have got some computation formulae of the mesure for solid angle ω, subtended by geometrically simple forms-right-angled triangles and rectangle-in normalized positions as given in Fig. 3. First they reached the formula for the trapezoidal form as given in Fig. 1 after succesive substitutions and integrations. The final expression of the formula is given as equation (10) and the expressions of x_1/√<1-ξ^2> and x_2/√<1-ξ^2> written above equation (10). Solid angles subtended by right-angles triangles and rectangle are derived respectively from the expression above mentioned, as special cases where L_1=0, L_2=L (Right-angled triangle, Fig. 3 (1)) L_1=L, L_2=0 (Right-angled triangle, Fig. 3 (2)) L_1=L_2=L (Rectangle, Fig. 3 (3)). The expressions of the formulae are given as the expression (14), (15) and (20) respectively in this paper. The authors have worked out computing charts for the formulae got above. They are given in this paper as Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 15 respectively. The applications of them to more generalized positions are also discussed. The authors have developed the expression of integrated mesure of ω for rectangles in an normalized rectangular domain to get the mesure of ω over the domain and discussed also the applications of them to more generalized cases. Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 15 are given in equi-solid angle-representation as Fig. 12, Fig. 13 and Fig. 17 respectively.
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YOSHIKAZU NAKANE, KATSUZO ITO
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
101-109,192
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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By using the apparatus (Fig. 1), Landolt Ring targets (Figs. 5〜6) and circular targets, an experimental study was made for lighting plan to find fundamental data of minimum perceptible contrast and visual performance curves. In this experiment not only white but also blue, red and green light were used. The result in shown in Figs. 7〜11. From the result of the measured mean log-value of each observer, both the minimum perceptible contrast and standard visual performance curves were found. Under white light (Fig. 12) raising the background luminance to approximately 1000 cd/m^2 improved the visual performance. However, an increase above this level up to 10000 cd/m^2 had only little effect upon visual performance, and the glare occuring over 10000 cd/m^2 suddenly increased the minimum perceptible visual angle. Moreover, from over a background luminance of 1000 cd/m^2 the observers started feeling pain in their eyes. From this result, it was observed that in order to get a better visual performance it is better to keep the background luminance under 1000 cd/m^2. From a comparison of the visual acuity of each observer, it can be seen that for bad visual acuity a higher background luminance is required (Fig. 13〜14).
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YOSHIKAZU NAKANE
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
111-120,192
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to find fundamental data of the relation between required background luminance and the visual objects-letters and characters printed on paper according as their sizes, kinds, the number of their strokes and their groups as sentences, an experimental study was made by using Apparatus (Fig. 2) as the main device, and Visual Objects (Ex. Fig. 1). And the study was made to obtain the difference of visibility in the case of Landolt Ring Targets and the above-mentioned visual objects. In addition, this study purports to set up a scale for easiness of reading letter and characters. In this experimental study we used, as the standard printing type based on Tables 2〜3, 8-point "mincho" Chinese characters of 8 strokes printed in black on "chushitsu" paper. Figs. 5〜6 show the relation between threshold background luminance and the kinds, sizes and the number of strokes of letter and characters printed separately and groups. Figs. 8〜9 show the relation of visibility between Landolt Ring Targets and the printed matter in question. Figs. 13〜16 are the results of the experiments to set up a scale for readability. As the result of the measurement of the readability, we obtaind the Optimum Level of Illumination being 500〜1500 lx.
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NORIO ISODA, YOTARO KOBAYASHI, TETSUMI HORIKOSHI, NOBUMI IKEDA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
121-128,193
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Environmental Condition : Air Temperature (23.5±0.5℃) and Relative Humidity (50±10%) were kept constant in a circulation type wind tunnel. Surface temperatures of inside wall, ceiling and floor were kept almost equal to air temperature. Air velocity was the only variable with <10cm/s, 30cm/s, and 50cm/s. Subjects were healthy male (18〜25 years old) with working clothing. Experiments were made in intermediate, cooling and heating periods. Mean skin temperatures stood near 34℃ when heat exchange was neutral. Mean skin temperatures were very near those of anterior thigh. Partial sensation votes of anterior thigh and calf stood in good correlation with whole body sensation votes.
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TETSUMI HORIKOSHI, OSAMU MINAMINO, NORIO ISODA, YOTARO KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
129-139,193
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Environmental Condition : Relative Humidity (50±10%) was kept constant. Variables were air temperature (25, 30, and 35℃), air velocity (<10, 25, and 100 cm/s), and heat irradiation (0, 50, and 100 kcal/m^2h). 26 kinds of room conditions were made in artificial climate chamber. A 26 year old healthy, nude male was used as subject. Experiments were made in sedentary and activity condition. Thermal sensation votes and comfort votes were made. Mean skin temperatures stood 33.5〜34.0℃ when sensation votes came to "neutral", while the subject was sedentary. They stood a little less than those temperatures when neutral, while the subject was in activity condition. Through partial calorimetry calculation, heat, balance was found in good correlation with thermal sensation votes. The maximum point of comfort votes appeared where thermal sensation vote stood at the warmer side of the neutral. Partial sensation votes of trunck region, especially shoulder blade stood in good correlation with whole body thermal sensation votes. Operative temperatures in sedentary condition when thermal sensation votes were neutral, stood 28℃. They stood 25℃ in activity condition.
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AKO YOSHIDA, TOMOKATSU HASHIMOTO, AKIRA YOSHIDA, YUICHIRO NAKA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
141-150,193
Published: March 30, 1975
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MINEKI HATTORI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
151-161,194
Published: March 30, 1975
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Lifts are the most important of all the mechanical services installed in the high-rize apartment building. The circulation and planning is mainly integrated by the lifts. Therefore, much must be taken into consideration in the planning. As the significant indices of the lift performance, there are listed such as follows; 1. the period of peak 2. the handling capacity 3. the round trip time 4. the unresponced time I surveyed all sorts of vertical traffic movements in many high-rize apartment buildings, three times, almost regurarly in the last ten years (1965-1973), and studied on the lift performance. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The morning peak is by down trip. The evening peak is by both up trip and down. 2. The maximum handling capacity is observed in the evening, about 10% of number of the inhabitants in 15 minutes. 3. The average of the passengers is 2 persons in the direction of up, 1 person in down. 4. The round trip time is about 120 seconds in average. 5. The average of the unresponced time is about 35-40 seconds.
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HIDEKI SHIMIZU, TORU FUKUI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
163-171,194
Published: March 30, 1975
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The word "Imageability" proposed by Kevin Lynch is operationally redefined here as "Image Probability", with which people recall certain elements in a central district. 4 central districts chosen from Tokyo and Yokohama region are charactorized as middle-scale commercial centers which are composed of 132〜313 commercial elements. 400 persons in each district are interviewed at the commuter station in its district, to find out by how many persons each element is recalled out of 400 persons interviewed. This "Image probability" is analysed by the standardized multiple regression analysis, variables of which are physical charactoristics of each element, for example, number of stories of building which a element belong to, floor area of the element, length with which the element faces to the street, number of streets which the element faces, distance at which the element locates from the station, etc. The multple correlation coefficients are 0.620, 0.638, 0.732, 0.755 in 4 districts. Among the multple correlation coefficients, these related with the distance from the station are the most interesting. These values show the degree of decrease of image probability along each street, and this could be a new scale of measurement for the centrality of street or the "Street Imagiability" See Table V-1, a_7, a_8, a_9, a_10. From this table, we can recognize three kinds of streets. (1) Main streets which have low decreasing ratio of the image probability. (2) Secondary streets which have high decreasing ratio of the image probability. (3) Back streets which have low decreasing ratio again, after the image probability drops to the certain level along secondary street.
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MASAHIKO SATO
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
173-179,195
Published: March 30, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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JURO KIKUCHI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 229 Pages
181-186,195
Published: March 30, 1975
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Succeeding to the part 2 of this study, author consider a so-called agreement between Japanese Goverment and T. J. Waters from many angles, and conclude his connection to the Mint as chief engineer dating from the first day of November eighteen hundred and sixtyeight.
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Article type: Appendix
1975 Volume 229 Pages
195-
Published: March 30, 1975
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