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Article type: Cover
1978 Volume 274 Pages
Cover1-
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1978 Volume 274 Pages
Cover2-
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1978 Volume 274 Pages
App1-
Published: December 30, 1978
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Article type: Index
1978 Volume 274 Pages
Toc1-
Published: December 30, 1978
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Article type: Appendix
1978 Volume 274 Pages
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Published: December 30, 1978
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TOMOYUKI GOTO
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
1-8
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A primary condition of developing formula for the relations between the grading of aggregate and workability of concrete is that the grading of concrete aggregate should be characterized numerically by seveal factors. In this paper, it is pointed out that four statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) based on the finess modulus scale of particle size distribution are the most suitable parameters for the grading evaluation of concrete aggregates (fine, coarse and combined aggregate). These four statics that are calculated by Eq. (1)〜(4), named the Grading Parameters based on the FM scale, are proposed as reliable indices that will estimate reasonably the effects of the grading of aggregate on the workability of concrete. [numerical formula]……(1) Standard Deviation=(M_2)^<0.5>……(2) Skewness=(M_3)/((M_2)^<1.5>)……(3) Kurtosis=(M_4)/((M_2)^<2.0>)……(4) Where k is number of classes, V(X) is distribution function and X, M_r are FM scale, r-th Moment about Mean given by Eq. (5), (6). FM scale X=(ln x+2.25206)/(ln 2)……(5) r-th Moment [numerical formula]……(6) Wheve x is size of particles or opening of sieves mm.
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KATSUHIKO ISHIDA, MAKOTO WATABE, YORIHIKO OSAKI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
9-15
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous paper we reported the results of statistical analysis on excellence of vertical acceleration to horizontal one by method of factor analysis. In this paper the numerical results on effects of soil condition and source mechanism for excellence of vertical component were reported. The results obtained are as follows ; (1) Amplitude charactristics of the layered soil make the predominant period of observed vertical seismogram shorter than that of horizontal one. (2) According as the layered crust become soft, the increasing tendency of the amplitude rate of the soil is recognized. (3) The angles of incident of P-waves and SV-waves at the layered crust have very important effects on amplitude charactristics of layerd crust, but it is somewhat more significant owing to SV-waves. (4) According as the layered soil become soft, the increasing tendency of the rate of max. vertical amplitude charactristics of the soil to horizontal one is recognized. (5) Slip vector of the fault plane has very significant effects on vertical component of seismograms, especially dip slip type of fault strikehas have more significant effect than that of strike slip. (6) Dip angle of the fault strike has very significant effects on excellence of vertical component of seismograms. In this case of strike slip type of the fault, The vertical motions of the ground increase according as dip angle become little. But in case of dip slip type of the fault strike, the excellence of vertical component is somewhat more complex owing to the location of the station, fault strike and dip angle.
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SHIRO KATO, MASARU MURATA, OSAMU MATSUOKA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
17-27
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the present paper, the initial imperfecton sensitivity of the axisymmetric dynamic buckling loads for clamped spherical caps, from λ=5 to 10, under a uniform step load is discussed. And the imperfection sensitivity of static, and astatic buckling loads are treated as well as dynamic buckling loads. The analysis is based on the finite element method and mode superposition method. This method avoids the direct finite element method of nonlinear effects and also takes an advantage of the important feature that a structural response is fundamentally due to several basic vibration modes. The governing equation is composed of a set of algebraic cubic polynominal equations in terms of the generalized modal displacements. The coeffcients in the equations for a shell with an initial imperfection are obtained through a simple matrix manipulation of those for the perfect shell and the coefficients in Fourier expansion of the imperfection. The result is confirmed by the present numerical analysis of buckling behaviour that an initial imperfection proportional to a buckling mode of a perfect caps is major for a static buckling load, and other nonproportional initial imperfections are minor. When the maximum value of any initial imperfection is about from 20 to 30 percents of the shell thickness, the static buckling load reduces severely, and accordingly the static buckling mode changes. Dynamic and astatic buckling loads are insensitive to any initial imperfection mode. The astatic buckling load can be considered as a lower limit not only for the theoretical value but also by a numerical response of the axisymmetric dynamic buckling of a calmped spherical cap with initial imperfectial under a uniform step load.
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NAOTZUNE TAGA, YASUHIKO OHTANI, MITZURU OHHIRA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
29-36
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A soil has various damping mechanism such as internal viscous damping, hysteretic damping by material nonlinearity and radiation damping in wave motion. The dynamic behavior of a soil layer subjected a strong earthquake motion is in highly strained state under the above damping effects. So as to estimate the vibrational characteristics of highly strained and nonlinearly-behaved soil layers, one layered ground on the elastic base is solved by the equivalent linearization technique by use of complex eigen value analysis. The surface motion and in-ground behavior are clarified by examining the transfer function of the layer on surface response, strain distribution in a layer and corresponding strain-dependent rigidity reduction and hysteretic damping. The effect of the viscous damping, hysteretic properties and base condition on the ground response is discussed. The importance of damping effects and material nonlinearity under strong earthquake are presented.
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MINORU MAKINO, KAZUO MATSUMURA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
37-42
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A distribution map of maximum earthquake velocity amplitudes at the bed rock is proposed, since the extreme value distribution of the greatest yearly velocity of earthquakes can be obtained with the b value of Gutenberg and Richter's magnitude law and average annual earthquake occurrences as shown in Part 1. Where seismic activities determined from the deta during the period from 1885 to 1974 seem to be not adequate for historical events, the average annual rates of earthquake occurrences are modified. Main modified areas are the subduction zone of Japan. A relation of the average annual rate of earthquake occurrence and the recurrence period of large earthquake is considered.
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KOJI YOSHIMURA, KENJI KIKUCHI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
43-53
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Some analytical studies on a reinforced concrete hotel building, which was damaged beyond repair during the Oita earthquake of April 21, 1975, are presented in this paper. Analysis is started from idealizing the damaged building to a mechanical model. Linear static and dynamic responses of this idealized structure for which lateral motions are coupled with the torsional motion are studied and the influence of the torsional motion on elastic response is investigated. Summarizing the results of these analysis; (1) Ground motion due to the NS component of the Oita earthquake of April 21 1975 was quite severe to this hotel building. (2) Maximum base shear in torsionally coupled system is less than in the corresponding uncoupled system. (3) Effects of torsional motion on horizontal deflection and stresses of the building are not negligible. (4) Equivalent lateral force distribution for static analysis which is specified in the Uniform Building Code is more reasonable than that of the current Japanese Building Standard Law to this building. (5) It will be possible to evaluate the rigidity of the reinforced concrete shear walls by a simple method of analysis.
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KEIICHI NAKATA, KUNIO YAMAGATA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
55-64
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This series of papers describe an analysis method on soil-structure interactions through settlements of structures with pile foundations. In part 1, the foundamental equations for this analysis are introduced and some coefficients adopted in these equations are discussed. These equations are introduced under the following assumptions. 1. The one-dimentional consolidation theory is applied to the diluvial clay stratum which underlies the bearing stratum of piles. In this case, the distribution of stress in the diluvial clay stratum can be calculated by Mindlin's equation. 2. Piles are assumed to be elastic columns for axial load. The frictional resistance of the alluvial strata acting on pile surface is neglected. 3. The two cases of steel structure and reinforced concrete structure are treated. The deformation behaviors of these structures are elastic. But in the case of reinforced concrete structure, relaxation of stress due to creep of concrete is considered, too. In one-dimentional consolidation theory, the assumption that the coefficient of volume compressibility m_v and the coefficient of consolidation c_v are constants is usually adopted. In this theory, not only the same assumption but also the case that m_v and c_v are assumed to be variables can by treated.
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ISAO MITANI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
65-73
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A bar elastically restrained at both ends against rotation was analyzed based on differencial equation for the elastic bending of axially loaded member and commonly adopted yield conditions. The analytical results were compared with experimental results shown in ref. 11). Furthermore, cyclic behavior of a restrained bar was compared with one of a pin supported bar at both ends having the same slenderness ratio as the restrained bar. And the effects of the eccentricity of axial load on the behavior of a bar were investigated. Analytical results are as follows. 1) The analytical cyclic behavior fairly well predicted the experimental behavior, expect for the maximum compression load at each loading cycle and the initial maximum tensial load of a pin supported bar subjected to eccentrical load. 2) In the elastic-plastic region of the axial load displacement curves, the change of stiffness of a restrained bar was less than one of a pin supported bar having the same slenderness ratio as a restrained bar, especially, deterioration after the maximum compression load of a restrained bar at each loading cycle was less than one of a pin supported bar. 3) Under identical stiffness of restraining, spring, close agreement between analytical and experimental values of magnification a for load carrying capacity at the reversed points was obtained. 4) The effect of the eccentricity of axial load on the cyclic behavior of a restrained bar was very large in the elastic-plastic region of the axial load-displacement curves.
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MASAHIDE TOMII, HISAHIRO HIRAISHI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
75-83
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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KIYOTO IZUMI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
85-92
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Periodically intermittent noises are sometimes designated as the major irritants of our society. The perceived magnitude of these sounds, however, cannot satisfactorily be evaluated by the established methods. Through two psycho-acoustical experiments described here the author tries to quantify the perceived noisiness of periodically intermittent sounds in comparison with that of steady sounds. In the first experiment eight trained subjects compared, by the paired camparison method, the noisiness of 25 patterns of intermittent sounds with that of steady sound. Several interesting findings were obtained by this experiment, which were organized in a proposal named the Perceived Noisiness Model of Periodically Intermittent Sound 75-A. In the second experiment 34 untrained subjects were used in a paired comparison experiment to validate the Model 75-A. The result was successful and the model was validated. Proposals and related discussions can be summarized as follows; 1) Consideration for the startle effect is indispensable to the proper evaluation of periodically intermittent sounds with impulsive nature. 2) Most of the established methods lead us to a considerable underestimation of these sounds. 3) The perceived noisiness of these sounds can be quantified by the cumulative contributions of the energy effect, the positive startle effect, and the negative startle effect.
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MASAKI KATAOKA, YOSHITOMO MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
93-99
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study reports the tendency found by the survey on housing life in the typical dwelling units. Results are as follows : (1) The greater part of the units is occupied with small families including wheelchair users. (2) In case of the household with wheelchair users, the DK is used very well. But in case of the handicapped such as the bedfast, as they are taking meals at their bedsides, the DK is used only by the other members. (3) Almost all the wheelchair user are sleeping in bed the Western style room. But in case of the bedfast the tendency using the Japanese style room is found. (4) The south side DK type is better than the north side one. It is because the former needs not to pass through a room adjacent to DK.
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TAKAYUKI IKEDA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
101-109
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is a study on the process of urbanization and the land use restriction in urbanization areas. This paper is to follow the previous Part 2 and reporting the fact-finding concerned with the development of small housing estate in Machida-city. The contents of this Part 3 are as follows : 1. Introduction 2. The increase in the development of small housing estate. 3. The actual condition in the development of small housing estate and its mechanism of development. 4. The problem in the development of small housing estate and land use regulation. 5. Conclusion
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JIRO MAJIMA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
111-118
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, the auther investigates the characteristics of the locality through classified groups from the viewpoint of background factors related to the housing demands and 'supplies. There are mainly three points of view about these factors. These are the factors with regard to the concentrative nature and changeability of population, those with regard to the social stratum, and those with regard to the regional construction and functions. The conclusions are as follows; 1) The FACTOR 1 is closely related to the factors concerning the social stratum. 2) The FACTOR 2 is explains both the changeability of the housing demands and the background factors concerning the change and relocation. This factor relates to the degree of a commutation flow. 3) The FACTOR 3 means both the economic and political centrality and the functional differentiation of land-use in the city region. This FACTOR explains the background factors concerning the economic and social aspects and those concerning the regional structure when the housing demands appear. 4) These three FACTORs, therefore, throughly explain the background factors related to housing demands and supplies.
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HARUYOSHI YAMADA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
119-130
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This report is based on the investigations of actual state of activities of social education, sports and recreation in farm areas, with a view to examination of the desirable conditions of these activities. The investigations are practiced in three farm areas, in summer. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Amount of activities (per 10000 paople number of activists perday) is largely found. 2) It is largely affected by sex distinction and age, especially peoele in their twenties have large quantity. 3) It is distinctly affected by thee types of occupations, especially people engaging in agriculture have small quantity. 4) It is distinctly affected by the agricultural conditions of each farm area. 5) It is not always in proportion to the number of activeists in all sort of activities. But it has been found possible to classify the activities into some categories by the correlating the values of the two.
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TAKASHI KITANO
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
131-136
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It contains the discussions about I. On the disposition of buildings and the rustic style shoin in the ex-emperor's palace. The ex-emperor's palaces had been consisted of Hiro-Gosho, Ko-Gosho, Shoin and Tsunegoten. In these buildings, the elements of the rustic style shoin appeared in Shoins. II. On the plan and function of the rustic style shoin in the ex-emperor's palace. At the early edo-period, the Shoin had been decorated with Toko, Tana, Tsuke-shoin and Jodan (the upper seat). and they were used mainly for the entertainment. In about Enpou-period (A. D. 1673〜1680), all the elements of the rustic style shoin appeared in these Shoins.
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YASUO TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
137-147
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper, taking over the preceding paper on the territorries and the pre-history of the Rokucho, will deal with some problems on the regional structure of the Rokucho in the second half of the Sengoku period. Contents of this paper is as follows. 1. The urban circumstances-townscape, inhabitsnts and activities- 2. A consideration on the special characteristics of the constituent members of the Rokucho.
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KATSUHIKO WATANABA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 274 Pages
149-159
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is one of a series of works in which I intend to clarify the carpenter's party by doing a research of it's history through doccuments left by a carpenter's family in Osaka. The bussiness circumstances of master carpenters and pupils will be discussed in this paper. The summary is as follows : The members of "Juban-muyori" which is one of a carpenters party in Osaka were varied 49-34 persons from 1843 to 1857, and there were many changes in them. The bussiness district of a carpenter were in Osaka, but not limitted in the district of "muyori" which he belonged to. Master carpenters and pupils were punished to stop his bussiness when they departed from their rules.
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Article type: Bibliography
1978 Volume 274 Pages
160-
Published: December 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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