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Article type: Cover
1983Volume 326 Pages
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Published: April 30, 1983
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Article type: Cover
1983Volume 326 Pages
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Published: April 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983Volume 326 Pages
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Published: April 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983Volume 326 Pages
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Published: April 30, 1983
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MICHIO SHIBATA, MINORU WAKABAYASHI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
1-9
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Ultimate strength formula is derived herein, for K-type braced frame subjected to alternately repeated horizontal load. The mechanism of the progress of beam yielding is also precisely investigated. The review of the past experimental studies on the hysteretic behavior of K-type braced frame, provides following conclusions, showing good agreement with the proposed formula. 1 The strength deteriorates under repeated loading with constant displacement amplitude. This property is much influenced by the brace slenderness and the beam strength. 2 The variation of the strength under repeated load with increasing displacement amplitude much depends on the amplitude increment. 3 The strength of the K-type braced frame having the brace designed to buckle out of the plane, may seriously decrease under repeated loading.
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MICHIO SHIBATA, MINORU WAKABAYASHI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
10-16
Published: April 30, 1983
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An experimetal study was conducted on the hysteretic behavior of a K-type braced frame. Five specimens were subjected to repeated horizontal load. The specimen was made of steel plates by welding and each member had a rectangular cross section. The experimental results provided following conclusions. 1) Braces in K-type braced frame rarely experience elongations, and braces do not function well as the tension member. 2) The hystretic proeprty of the system much depends on the elastic-plastic behavior of the beam. The development of plastic deformation of the beam causes the severe deterioration of hysteresis loops. 3) If the brace is rather stubby, for example λ≃30, large plastic deformation of the beam may be caused by the repeated loading. Conversely, if the brace is rather slender, for example λ≃80, the deterioration of hysteresis loops is little. 4) The system should be designed not to increase the plastic deformation of the beam under alternately repeated loading of constant displacement amplitude.
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BEN KATO, AKIYOSHI MUKAI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
17-24
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The maximum and yield strength of bolted tension flanges joining square hollow section members were investigated theoretically. The maximum and yield flexural resistance of flange plate were analysed by means of the yield line theory. The prying force before and after the separation were evaluated respectively. Before the separation, a rigid zone around a bolt was assumed considering the restraining effect of bolt head, but after the separation it was not taken into account. It was assumed that the separation of bolts took place instantaneously as soon as the sum of external force and prying force attained the bolt separation load, and the separation of bolts was regarded as the yield of joints. On the basis of relative strength of the flange and high-strength bolts, the maximum strength of joints were classified into six failure modes, and the yield strength into three yield modes. The theoretical maximum and yield strength of joints were compared with experimental values. Finally, design formura on bolted tension flange joints of SHS were proposed.
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KAZUO KONDOH
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
25-35
Published: April 30, 1983
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In this paper, the method for the geometrical non-linear analysis of plane framed structures by the new beam-column model, proposed in the previous paper, is described. The development is based on the hybrid stress method, so that the piola's stress tensor is used instead of the Kirchhoff's stress tensor usually used in the geometrical non-linear analysis. Using this stress tensor, both the equilibrium and the mechanical conditions can be written by only the stress components. Also, in order to take away the rigid motion from the displacement in large displacement region, a new coordinate system, moving with the members at the same time, is introduced. Futhermore, it is shown that by some modifications, the analysis with consideration of transverse shear deormation can be simply put in operation. For numerical examples, the buckling and large deformation problems with or without transverse shear deformation are dealt with, and these results show that this method should be powerful for the problem of gemetrical non-linearity.
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HIDETAKE TANIGUCHI, KOICHI TAKANASHI, HISASHI TANAKA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
36-46
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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TOSHIO NISHIMURA, KIYOSHI SHINGU
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
47-59
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Actual rotational shells have mostly edge beams. But in the past, it seems that most studies on rotational shells with edge beams were neglected in the deformation of cross section of edge beams, or neglected that edge beams. Also, regarding the ratio of rise/span of rotational shells, the maghitude of the influences of the seismic forces in the vertical and horizontal directions has not been clealy studied yet. Therefore, authors attemped the study on static and free vibration analysis of conical shells and spherical shells with edge beams in consideration of deformtion of edge beams under some boundary conditions and changing the rise of shells. Further, we carried out dynamic response analysis of them subjected to seismic forces in the vertical and horizontal directions. From the above investigation, authors found that shallow conical and spherical shells subjected to seismic forcs in the vertical direction bring about large deformations and stresses. On the other hand, shallow and non-shallow shells subjected to seismic forces in the horizontal direction do not cause so large deformations and stresses. So, when we design the shallow shell, we need to investigate the deformations, stresses and stability of the shell subjected to the seismic forces in the up-down direction.
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HISASHI TOKUTOMI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
60-67
Published: April 30, 1983
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"Shirasu" are volcanic deposits. It shows own characteristics in mechanical behavior as compared with the materials of other grounds. The purpose is to investigate the results of shearing tests on "Shirasu". The contents of this paper are as follows : 1) examination of the mechanical anisotropy, 2) tensile strength and bending stregth, 3) triaxial compression tests, 4) behavior due to lapes of time on triaxial compression tests. As the results, We can supply the technical data on shearing strength of "Shirasu".
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KOJI TOMINAGA, KUNIO YAMAGATA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
68-77
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Behavior of laterally loaded pile qroups is mainly influenced by the interaction between piles and the local yielding of soil existing near piles. In preceding two papers, the theory to predict the behavior of pile groups, which was considered under the above conditions, was proposed by the authors, and then the load and displacement relationships computed by the proposed theory were compared with the full scale pile test results (two piles arranged in series and parallel) in the field. As the results, the both results showed fairly good agreement. However, the examinations for the pile group efficiency and the stress which develop within piles have not been made. In this paper, the computed results for the above points based on the propsed theory are compared with the many model test results. As the results, the following conclusions were obtained : (1) The pile group efficiencies observed from model tests show fairly good agreement with the predicted ones based on the proposed theory. However, the computed values from the elastic theory, in which the soil yielding is not under consideration, depart greatly from the measured results. (2) The proposed theory can predict the distribution of bending moment and the imposed load of each pile in group fairly well.
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YOSHIO KOSAKA, YASUO TANIGAWA, KAZUO YAMADA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
78-90
Published: April 30, 1983
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In this analysis, the thick-beam theory with transverse shear is adopted. By contrast with previous works, however, the theory proposed herein is enhanced by introducing lateral normal strains and bond-slip characteristics between concrete and reinforcing bar, so as to consider the effects of lateral normal stresses in concrete due to the confinement by stirrups or hoops and of the decreasing stiffness of a structure on the deteriorated bond-slip relationship. Endochronic theory for the multiaxial stress-strain relationship of concrete, the nonlinear model considered the behaviors of strain hardening and Bauschinger effect for reinforcing bar, and the nonlinear model proposed by Morita et al. for the bond-slip relationship between concrete and reinforcing bar are used. A member is divided into several blocks and each block is further subdivided into layers. The stiffness matrix of reinforced concrete structure is derived based on the following basic assumptions : (1) Stresses and strains are constant in an element. (2) The cross section of a member remains plane, but not normal to the deflecting axis, so that shear strain components, ε_<zx> and ε_<xy>, due to bending may be taken into account. (3) Normal strains, ε_<yy> and ε_<zz>, of each element are calculated by using the equilibrium relation on the forces in concrete and lateral reinforcing bar. The longitudinal normal stress increment of a reinforcing bar (⊿_sσ_j) is expressed as follows : ⊿_sσ_j+⊿_sσ_j″=E_<sj>・⊿_cε_j The bond-slip effect of reinforcing bar on the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete structure can be considered by using the equivalent stress increment due to the bond slippage (⊿_sσ_j″=E_<sj>・⊿_bε_j).
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FUSAO HASEGAWA, HIROSHI YOSHINO, SHIN-ICHI AKABAYASHI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
91-102
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The indoor thermal environments of 78 residential wooden houses in 8 cities of Tohoku district were investigated in winter seasons of fiscal years of 1979 and 1980. Eight cities are Aomori, Morioka, Sendai, Sakata, Yamagata, Akita, Kohriyama and Miyako. The results of the investigation are as follows. (1) In Aomori, the semi-vented oil heater with large capacity is used in 60% of the houses, while both unvented or vented oil heater and electric heater (Kotatsu) are used in 74% of the houses in the other cities. (2) Living rooms are heated about from 7 to 9 a.m. and from 7 to 10 p.m. in almost all of the houses. The air temperature at the point of 110cm high above the floor level in the living room is 18 to 25℃ during the heating time after supper. But the other rooms are un-heated almost all day long. The mean air temperature of the living room during the heating time after supper is 22.8℃ when the daily mean outdoor temperature is 0℃. At that time, the mean temperature of the bed room and the corridor are 8.6℃ and 6.2℃, respectively. (3) The air temperature difference between the points of 110cm high and 5cm high above the floor level in the living room is great during the heating time after supper. For example, the temperature difference is 7 to 10℃ when the outdoor temperature is nearly 0℃. (4) The clo-values of the husbands and wives are distributed from 0.75 to 1.50 during the heating time after supper. The difference of the clo-values among 8 cities and the inversely proportional relation between the clo-value and the room temperature could be found in the range of room temperature below 20℃ (5) The analysis by means of the quantification theory III shows that the indoor thermal environments of houses in Aomori and Akita are different from those of the other houses, and especially the houses settled with the semi-vented oil heater have the well tempered environment.
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HIROSHI AKASAKA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
103-110
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Cloud cover can be one of the basic climatic data forming indoor climate because it has strong influence on the solar radiation, night radiation and atmospheric temperature. So the author investigates the statistical characteristics of hourly cloud cover data using 1966 to 1975 data of Kagoshima, standard weather data of Sendai, Tokyo, Osaka and Kagoshima and confirms that most of them for the 4 points are similar to each other. Then the simulation program is developed for generating hourly cloud cover data during a year. The statistical characteristics obtained from the measured cloud cover data are used as imput data for the simulation. It is verified that the statistical characteristics of generated data almost agree with imput data by the test simulation about Kagoshima.
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TAROW NOGUCHI, YOUKO OHTSUKI, KATSUZO ITOH
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
111-117
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The actual contrast of a visual target on the retina is not the same as the nominal contrast of it. This is because of the stray light in the eyeball caused by defects of the eye as an optical system. We define this actual contrast as 'effective contrast'. By introducing this effective contrast to visual problems, we can simplify the estimation of visual ability, because the effect of a size of targets is eliminated and the visual ability can be determined only with the contrast sensitivity. In this paper, in order to prove what above mentioned, the visibility of a line target is dealt with, which is considered to have a unidirectional luminance distribution. The luminance distribution F (θ) on the retina is determined by the results of photographic luminance measurements for a target having a step luminance using a single lens which is simulated to human eye. The luminance distributions of line target with various width are also measured by a single lens, and a contrast reduction factor R (α) is calculated for every target size. On the other hand, threshold luminance for various line target are psychophysically measured using subject and R (α) is estimated from the results. The above results confirm that the predicted values of R (α) using F (θ) show good agreement with those obtained by psychophysical measurements, and that the 'effective contrast' is a useful concept to estimate the visual ability.
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HISAO KATURA, KYOUSUKE AOKI
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
118-125
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The aim of present study is to make it clear that the distribution of playmates is affected by space conditions in residential areas. In this study, the child population density stands for space conditions in an attendance area of each elementary school. The resolts in this study are as follows; (1) The relations between typse of playing-places and types of playmates are as follows; In a house or in a home lot : Playing alone or with members of family Out of a house or a home lot : Playing with schoolmates or with neighboring-friends (2) The relation between the distribution of playmates and the child population density are as follows; Y=b_0+b_1X+e Y : A distance from a child house. In a circle ares (a radius of Y), 80 percentage of playmates for total number of playmates are living. b_0 : A constant b_1 : A regression coefficient X : =1/√<D> (D; A child population density) e : An observation error
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MITSUO WATANABE
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
126-134
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A particular result was dis closed by a questionnaire given to some rural inhabitants. They use distant and large public facilities when they can make use of nearly, plain facilities with the same functions. On the other hand, they never make use of the distant facilities when there are no simple facilities of same type in their resdential area. Using some actual examples, I propose in this report that this ten dency can be explained as a "Spring Board Effect". Usually I classiby the fasilites into 15 functional categovies. The S.B. effect has distinctly resulted in the establishment of same type of facilities, for example, sports, cultural, and communication facilites. But it has not resulted in other types, for example, medical and shopping facilities.
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TOSHIO SHIOTANI, HIDEKAZU TSUKIGATA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
135-146
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study which covers the period before and after the "Living Reform" that has taken place during the days of high economic growth since 1960's, deals chronologically with the changes in the architecture of houses, involving a materialistic means of living, such as the possession of household goods and thereby clarifies the progressive trend in the mode of housing and in the style of living. The study further attempts to pursue this theory as a means of establishing the direction of development of housing plans from the changes in housing and in the style of living, and also attempts to present the materials available with emphasis being placed on the contribution to the housing of the nation in general. In the present study which deals with the captioned farming houses of Yakuoji, former Hirano Village of Tawaramoto-cho, Shiki-gun, Nara prefecture, the aim is to establish an index to serve as a model for living requirements, from the concrete process of the transfiguration of the farmers' mode of housing and their living style in a suburban farming village of the progressive Kyoto-Nara-Osaka area, Efforts are also being made to find the direction which the mode of housing and the style of living is likely to take from a general consideration of the said index.
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NORIKUNI KIMURA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
147-156
Published: April 30, 1983
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This paper is the second part (the third chapter) of the thesis "A Fundamental study on Yashiro in Ancient Japan", and consists of the following four sections. §1. Yashiro and god. §2. Founding of Yashiro. §3. Priesthood. §4. Yashiro and folks. The author will present the synopsis of the whole thesis in the last part of this series of study to be concluded.
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SHIGERU MARUYAMA
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
157-166
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Shinka-den is a facility for divine services, Niiname and Jinkonjiki, which are the same in origin to Daijo (the rite after tenno's enthronement). But it is not similar in form to the facilities of Daijo, and is not suitable for the behavior of divine service. So this paper supposes that Shinka-den was not built according to the Japanese sanctuarie's tradition, but was built after the model of a foreign mausoleum (perhaps Chinese).
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KWANG HYUN KIM
Article type: Article
1983Volume 326 Pages
167-175
Published: April 30, 1983
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The irregular layout and facades of the Changdeok-gung detached palace, reconstructed in 1418-1419 of the Yi dynasty and now only partly extant, is related to "covered and cut across forms" which is visually articulated from specific viewpoints on the line of movement in the main ceremonial area. These forms organize the progressive layering of similar scenes on the "axis of scenes" as a closed system. Each scene is composed of an L-shaped "unit of scene" with a biased center to indicate the transverse direction to the left. Every scene is carried to the rear in succession to punctuate a segmement in the line of movement as a specific area. The notion of layering implies not only that of a fixed picture plane or its repetition by physical exerience, but also that of implicit relationship between elements. The irregular layout and facades are not a grouping by natural conditions, but rather are derived from the constant development of superimposed scenes as explained as follows; 1) the visual blocking of the main palace and its left enfilade by the front gate as the reference to the main palace's location, 2) the transversal and longitudinal juxtaposition of three L-shaped units of scene and their relationship with the golden section, 3) the superimposed repetition of the scene V_2 and the critical layering for the transverse direction, 4) the perspective convergence of scene framed by the front gate and the topological juxtaposition of the L-shaped units of scene which also implicates rotation, 5) the critical moment of rotation caused by the arrangement of the L-shaped unit of scene and wall, and the interpretation of scene as a section at a "spatial inflection point", 6) the longitudinal axiality formed by the visually connected roofs of the main palace and gate, 7) the screen effect created by the full facade of the main palace which negates the sense of depth at the scene V_6, 8) the visual articulation of the one-sided enfilade to the right of the main palace used as a compositional setting and as the matrix of the entire layering. This analysis is mainly based on the plot plan of "Chosen Koseki Zufu (Art and Architecture in Korea; the Pictorial Books)" and the description of "Gungkwal-ji (Architectural Records on Three Palaces)".
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Article type: Appendix
1983Volume 326 Pages
App1-
Published: April 30, 1983
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