Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1974Volume 217 Pages Cover1-
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1974Volume 217 Pages Cover2-
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1974Volume 217 Pages Toc1-
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_Toc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1974Volume 217 Pages App1-
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_App1

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STUDY ON THE ACCELERATED STEAM CURING METHOD OF CONCRETE PRODUCTS (III) : Properties of the Restrained Concrete Cured by Atomospheric Steam

TAKESHI MUKAI

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 1-9,77
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_1

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This report reviews the properties of concrete which is cured by atmospheric steam under restrained stress. The merits of this restrained steam method compared to the non restrained method is that this method can obtain high quality concrete, that is to say, concrete with faster development of strength without expanded cracks. However even with this method, if the curing temperature is as high as 95℃, many cracks tend to appear on the surface of concrete specimens, and the strength of concrete remains low. The absorption of steam cured concrete is slightly higher than that of non steam cured concrete.

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STUDY ON LIMITS OF THE WATER-CEMENT RATIO AND UNIT CEMENT CONTENT FOR PREVENTING CRACKS DUE TO DRYING SHRINKAGE IN CONCRETE : Study on Mixing Design of Site Concrete Preventing from Cracking Due to Shrinkage and Creep (Part 3)

HIROTAKE IKENAGA, HISAJI OSHIMA

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 11-20,77
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_11

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In part 3, authors analyze theoretically about the condition of prevention of concrete from cracking due to drying shrinkage and tensile creep in reinforced concrete structure. The conclusion of this study is as follow; (1) The average of drying shrinkage of medium concrete is 25〜30% smaller than that of wet concrete. (2) The average of tensile creep coefficient of medium concrete is 10〜15% larger than that of stiff concrete. (3) The limitation of water cement ratio in the mix-proportion of medium concrete in site is 50% for the case of using normal portland cement and 55% for the case of using high-early portland cement so as to prevent the crack. And the suitable range of unite cement is 300〜475kg/m^3 from some economical factors and effects of fire explosion.

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PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF PRECASE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION : Part 1. The Theory of Study and the 1st, 2nd Inspection

SHIGERU WAKAYAMA, KAZUO GOTO

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 21-27,78
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_21

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Industrialization in building construction is a natural development of the kind that has also taken place in other industries. But there has been a lack of scientific studies about production itself. We have been studying on the productivity of precast concrete panel building systems by the method named production analysis. Production analysis means to analyze the productivity of construction process quantitatively, by means of industrial engineering method. This is the report which include our study theory and the 1st, 2nd inspection data and computation result. Through those inspections we gained about 100 panels data. In this report we suggest three multiple regression models which combine "panel form" and "productivity" quantitatively. Those models make us be able to estimate the panel production man-hours from the form of panels, and be able to make the productive desines and systems.

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STOCHASTIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURE DUE TO THREE-DIMANSIONAL EARTHQUAKE EXCITATIONS

YUTAKA MATSUSHIMA

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 29-34,78
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_29

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For the aseismic design of structures, the probabilistic approach would be absolutely necessary, because earthquake excitations are considered to be essentially random. In this case the most realistic idealization of the analytical model will be three-dimensional representations of the input as well as the structure. In this sense this paper describes the stochastic response of the spacial structure subjected to three-dimensional earthquake excitations with assumptions of the stationary random process and the linear system, focused on how to express the cross spectral density matrix of inputs in the calculation of the cross spectral density matrix of outputs through the frequency response function matrix of a system. This paper mainly consists of the following contents. §2 briefly describes the analytical process to estimate the response of three-dimensional structure due to three-dimensional earthquake motions by means of the probabilistic theory. In §3 general expressions of earthquake excitations required in this method are discussed and proposed. This approach is applied to a simple three-dimensional structure as an example and results are examined in §4.

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STUDY ON THE ANCHORAGE ZONE PROBLEMES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRET MEMBERS : Part 1 : Stress Distribution in the Anchorage Zone Subjected to Two Dimensional Loading

SHIN OKAMOTO

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 35-43,78
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_35

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This is a part of researches on the anchorage zone problems of prestressed concret members. In this report, the method of stress analysis based on Dynamic Relaxation and some resuluts of the numerical calculation on the stress distribution in the anchorage zone subjected to two dimensional loading are described. The loading conditions considered in this report are as follows; 1) One point symetrical loading 2) Two points symetrical loading 3) One point eccentric loading 4) Inclined loading 5) Parabolic concentrated loading The stress distribution obtained by the author agrees very well with that obtained by exact solution based on elastic theory.

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ON SPACE COGNITION AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

KEIJIN KAMINO, KUNIO FUNAHASHI

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 45-51,79
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_45

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In the previous papers dealt with the space notation by "image map", Kamino pointed out that the space cognition is related to the behavioral meanings of that space. This paper makes it clear that the human behavior is governed by the space congnition of his environment, through the actual survey of pedestrian movement. Results that will be obtained from these studies must be useful to establish the principles of layout planning. For the purpose of this study, pedestrian paths through a uniform environment-set of equivalent plural routes which have the same origin, destination, and architectural situations such as distance and obstacles-are investigated. The cases suitable for these conditions are mainly taken from the station facilities of railway trafic, The survey was made at 17 cases. Results and conclusions are as follows; (1) The pedestrians are not uniformly distributed in all equivalent routes but remarkably concentrated upon a specific route. (The ratio of concentration is 75〜100%). (2) The routes which cause the concentration of pedestrians agree with as follows, a) The staircase that appears in sight at first when the pedestrian goes on from the origin to the destrination. b) The main axis of the space which contains the plural routes that might be selected. c) The macroscopic orientation which is formed by the direction from the origin to the destination. (3) As the fundamental structure of the behavioral environment we would like to present the schema of the mutual complemental relation between the behavior and the space, as mentioned above. (4) It can be considered that "sign function" of staircase, "symbolic function" of the axis of the space, and "total organization" of environment are the psychological conditions should be managed at the layout planning.

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HYPOTHESIS CONCERNING THE MOVEMENT OF CIRCULATING MULTITUDE BASED ON A MODEL EXPERIMENT

MITSUO UEDA

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 53-56,79
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_53

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As a experiment of flowing model, I used a long sloped U-shaped gutter having variable width, in which tried to roll over many golf balls, pingpong balls, small steel balls, many times for each, and recorded the average numbers of flowing balls par second for each width. Against a simple conception that the flowing balls increase in number in proportion to the enlarged width of gutter, at some specific width being slightly insufficient to multiple length of diameter of the ball, the number of flowing ball, the number of flowing balls dropped down remarkably. And when the width slightly surpassed them, the number of flowing balls increased extremely. On any occasion in common, especially in narrow width, appeared distinctly these phenomena. When these phenomena in the movement of floating model are substituted for floating multitude, it can be said that, as a hypothesis, there are several advantageous width bands being able to circulate relatively larger number of people, and on the other hand likewise, several disadvantageous width bands.

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A STUDY ON "RATIO" AND "ORDO" OF L. B. ALBERTI : Part 2 : Meaning of "Ordo"; Functions of Ratio and Ordo in Design Process

HIROSHI AIKAWA

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 57-64,80
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_57

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Continued from part 1, in this part I made a list of all (80) examples of the word "ordo" from the "De re aedificatoria", grouping them in several meanings, and concluded that in relation to design process, this word had two meanings : order and image of classical form. Vitruvius had used a word "symmetria" about order, in his "libri decem". Alberti didn't use the word symmetria, but said the concept in several words, namely "ordo, ratio, genus, columnatio and lineamentum". Comparing these words, I thought that "ordo" related to impression and the general name of forms of order, but "ratio" related to methods of making formes of order. And more generally than order (column & entablature etc.) in the design of architecture, "ordo" has a function of systematic structural image. Probably, this image may be made of some fragments of old Roman monuments, fantastic parts of architecture in pictures and a few of contemporaneous architecture of Brunelleschi's school etc.. And, I think, this image has more personal character than concrete standerds of judgment. On the contrary, "ratio" has a methodical objectivity as "modulor" or knowledge of classical construction etc.. Consequently, in design process, "ordo" has function of a ideal classical image and "ratio" has faculty of methodical judgment.

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JAPANESE INFLUENCE IN ENGLAND IN THE VICTORIAN ERA

HIROYUKI SUZUKI

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 65-72,80
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_65

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We find the impact of Japan on the decorative arts and the architecture in England in the Victorian era. Even in the eighteenth century, Japanese objects were collected by men of strange taste such as Horace Walpole. But the first important exhibition of Japanese art in England was held in 1854 in Pallmall East, London. From then until mid-eighties, Japanese taste was in full swing among architects and designers such as W. Burges, E.W. Godwin, and T. Cutler. Especially, Godwin designed wall-papers, furnitures, and houses, according to Japanese-inspired principles. The influence of Japanese arts was at its zenith in 1885 when the "Japanese Village" was held at Knightsbridge. After the eighties, English architects began to regard Japan gradually as an industrial country. It had happened as the result of the change of architectural theories in England, as well as in Japan.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 73-74
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_73

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1974Volume 217 Pages 75-
Published: March 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.217.0_75

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