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Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 333 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1983
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Article type: Cover
1983 Volume 333 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 333 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1983
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Article type: Index
1983 Volume 333 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1983
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HIDENORI ONO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
1-7
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to develop a reliable device for measuring the slipperiness of floors, it is required to accumulate concerning various conditions of slips. This paper first presents the results of some surveys and experiments which clarify such relevant factors as the place of shoe surfaces where slip occur, the horizontal and virtical load on floor surfaces in various motions and the contact area of shoe surfaces. Based on the elicited data, the existing methods of measurment for slipperiness were critically reviewed and the concept of a new slipperiness tester was developed. Part 3 will report on the performance of the newly developed tester.
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KIYOSHI KANETA, HIDEKAZU NISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
8-16
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this study, the fatigue tests of small specimen and a full scale steel structral member were performed to examine the applicability of the X-ray diffraction method for the detection of fatigue damage. The obtained results will be summarized as followes. 1) The half value breadth has changed considerably in accordance with the accumulation of fatigue damage. 2) The change in half value breadth of the actual steel member has shown a simular tendency as the small specimen. 3) The residual stress has changed in a regular manner depending on the applied stress amplitude and the number of stress cycles.
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SANZO UMINO, HIROAKI MIMURA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
17-25
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It is feared that the fatigue cracks in the lower flange of welded cranerunway girder cause very important accidents. The cracks in the lower flange of welded girder occur in the welded details between the flange and web plate, between flange and gusset plate and between flange and cover plate. The present study is to investigate the stress concentration at the end of gusset plates welded to the flange tip, and to verify the occurrence of fatigue cracks at this points, experimentally.
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CHIAKI MATSUI, SHOSUKE MORINO, YASUHIRO UCHIDA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
26-35
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The inelastic dynamic analysis of one-story single-bay unbraced and braced steel space frames with H-shaped columns is performed. The frame is idealized as a three-degree-of-freedom system with rigid floor and beams, and subjected to one-directional or two-directioal excitation. Sinusoidal waves are selected for the base acceleration. The restoring force of the column can be obtained by the numerical analysis shown in the previous paper (part 1), in which the deformable portion of the column is assumed to be concentrated near the ends. The restoring force of the brace is determined by the formulae presented by others. Results of the analysis are as follows : (1) The maximum responses of the frame under the two-directional excitation generally agree with those under the one-directional excitation, if the slenderness ratio and the axial force of columns are both small. The horizontal displacement responses about the weak axis in some of the unbraced frames increase with increasing slenderness ratio and axial force, although those frames are still stable under the one-directional excitation. (2) In some cases of the braced frames under the two-directional excitation, the increase in the rotation angle as well as in the horizontal displacements are observed. (3) In the case of an unbraced frame with H-shaped columns being arranged to have identical stiffness and strength in both directions, the responses are stable.
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MASAKAZU OZAKI, MASARU ISHII, SEIICHIRO YASUDA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
36-45
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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MASANORI IZUMI, KEICHI ITO, HIROSHI KATSUKURA, MITSUGU TAKITA, IKUO TA ...
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
46-54
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, the eigenvalue problem of multi-story structures is considered by means of the Component Mode Method. In the method, a multi-story structre is divided at each story into single-story substructures. The resuing component mode is the mode shape of each story (story mode). From the consideration in terms of the story mode, the following results are obtained. (1) Saving of Computation Time This method needs a certain time in the process of dividing a structure into substructures, but the total computation time including eigenvalue analyses is much shorter, as the size of the eigenvalue analyses is sufficiently small in comparison with that of the orignal eigenvalue problem. Since, in the eigenvalue analysis of each story, basic modes such as translational and torsional ones are easily obtained in a few lowest modes, and since the modes of the whole structure can be constructed by the combination of such basic modes, the computation time will be sufficiently saved. (2) Extration of Necessary Modes The mode shapes of a structure depend on its story modes. It means that the mode shapes of the whole strure can be changed by selecting its story modes. For example, if only a translational mode is adopted at each story, only translational modes appear in the synthesized modes. Thus, the necessary modes which are important for the evaluation of structural responses can easily be exracted by the appropriate selection of story modes. Accordingly, for this Component Mode Method, one can expect a kind of filtering effects in order to extract the necessary modes. (3) Evaluation of Inter-story Relations in terms of Story Modes In the process of the Component Mode Method, inter-story relations are stored only in a matrix M, which shows the mutual orthogonality of story modes. Therefore, the coupling relations among stories are grasped as the coupling relations among story modes. The evaluation of such coupling effects is possible if and only if the Component Mode Method with substructures of each story is introduced
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HISAHIRO HIRAISHI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
55-62
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to predict the inelastic response of R/C structures under dynamic earthquake loading, hysteretic behavior of their structural components, i.e. beams, columns, and shear walls, must be evaluated appropriately. Various hystertic load (moment) versus deformation (curvature) models, such as the Takeda model, have already been proposed for beams and columns. Hysteretic behavior of shear walls, on the other hand, remains unclear in many respects. Shear deformation of flexural type shear wall is one of those yet to be determined. Many experimental studies of shear walls have been carried out, but most of their load-deformation data are presented in terms of the load versus total deformation. Very few data refer to the shear and flexural deformations primarily because of the difficulty in separating the total deformation into these two deformations. This separation, however, is important particularly for flexural type shear walls since in these walls the reduction in flexural and shear stiffnesses caused by the cracking of concrete and the yielding of reinforcing bars controls a qreat deal the inelastic deformation. This paper reports a simple evaluation method of distributing the total deformation of a shear wall into the flexural and shear deformations. For this evaluation, rotation of the shear wall at the mid-height of a story is used in addition to the horizontal and vertical displacements at four corners of the shear wall. Following conclusions can be drawn from this study. 1. Shear deformation is overestimated, and consequently flexural deformation is underestimated if the shear deformation is determined simply as a difference in length of two diagonals. 2. Flexual and shear deformations are estimated with excellent accuracy by using the rotation at the story mid-height of a shear wall. 3. In such shear walls where shear deofrmation is dominant, deformation which expresses the general behavior of load versus deformation relation must be represented by the average value of horizontal displacements at right hand side and left hand side joints. 4. Flexural deformation and shear deformation of an uncracked shear wall from I-beam elementary bending theory agreed well with those calculated by two-dimensional analysis. Particularly, excellent agreement was obtained for flexural deformations. 5. Flexural rigidity of a shear wall was not influenced by shear cracks on the wall. Application and discussion of this method in shear wall tests will be reported in the near future.
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SADAYOSHI IGARASHI, KAZUO INOUE, SEONG-EUN KIM, MOTOHIDE TADA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
63-72
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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When the framed structures are subjected to horizonal load, such as earthquake loading, the bending moment distribution of composite beams changes from positive and to negative at the point of inflection. In this paper, the repeated elastic-plastic behavior of composite beams subjected to both positive and negative moment is examined experimentally. The test specimens are H-shaped subassemblage composed of two vertical columns and horizontal composite beam. The bending strength of column is greater than that of composite beam. The experimental work of this investigation consists of testing three composite beams with 5 cm, 7 cm and 9 cm thick concrete slab and one steel beam without concrete slab. Each steel beam and columns of specimens are the same section. Further, pushout tests are carried out for the purpose of evaluating shear strength of stud connector. The results of four tests are examined and compared with theoretical predictions.
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TOSHIKATSU ICHINOSE
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
73-83
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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TAKASHI SASAKI, NOBORU ARATANI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
84-91
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purposes of this study are; 1) To develop the measuring method of ventilation-routes and their quantities of ventilation in multi-space building using tracer-gas of CO_2. 2) To know the actual conditions of ventilation between the various spaces in the house. 3) To find the problems and their solutions for retrofittings of a Japanese traditional wooden house. In this paper, the measuring method and reliabilities of the results are described. The summary of this study is as follows : 1) Supplying the tracer-gas on the pulsive generation in one of multi-spaces, the responce of concentration appears in the other room with timelag. 2) Integrated value of this responce of concentration is proportionate to the regular concentration with regular supplying of the tracer-gas. 3) The auther defines the Sogo-shin-nyu-ritsu (total infiltration coefficient) U_<ak>=C_k/C_a, the integrated value of concentrational responce ratio of the room-A, where the tracer-gas is pulsively generated (C_a), to the other room-K (C_k). 4) The Sogo-shin-nyu-ritsu U_<ak> shows the ratio of the total quantity of ventilation at the room-K to infiltration quantity from the room-A. 5) By changing the generating room of the tracer-gas, the matrix of Sogo-shin-nyu-ritsu can be obtained. 6) By solving this matrix of Sogo-shin-nyu-ritsu, the Chokusetsu-shin-nyu-ritsu, ventilation-routes and their quantities will be obtained.
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TAKEJI MIYAZAKI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
92-100
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Adsorption characteristics of NO_x on several kinds of interior materials were measured by Mass Balance Method. Adporption rates of NO 2 were larger than those of NO in most materials, and were conspicuous in floor materials such as carpets and a mat, and cieling materials such as insulation boards. NO_2 deposition velocities, though dependent on temperature, relative humidity. the degrees of stirring speed and the saturation conditions of materials, were 0.55-3.46m/h for carpets, 0.46m/h for a mat, 4.31m/h for an insulation board, 2.13m/h for a painted insulation board, 0.66m/h for a plaster board, 1.17m/h for a wooden cement board, and 1.47m/h for an asbestos cement board. These NO_2 deposition velocities were applied to the theoretical model for relating indoor pollutant concentrations to those outside.
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OSAMU IEMOTO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
101-108
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this study, visually handicapped (totally blind) and sighted were examined on their auditory perception of the architectural space. The examination was made through comparison between the amount of perceptual error when people was masked from the sound with headphone and not masked, in the blindfold condition or nonblindfold (only sighted people), and through the correlations between the length of the period of blindness and amount of perceptural error. Results of the study are as follows : 1. In the condition of blind-folds. When masking and non-masking of sound were compared, the perceptural error tended to increase with blind-folds in the masking of the sound rather than blind-folds only. Therefore, it may be assumed that the architectural space was perceived auditorily. Moreover, the visually handicapped people's group tended to make the smaller perceptual error than sighted people's group, whether there was masking of sound or not. This may be assumed as the difference in the experiencing space through the auditory perception. 2. The visually handicapped presented a positive correlation between the length of the period of blindness and the amount of the perceptural error of the space. Therefore, it may be assumed that the organization of the space, which was once constructed, collapsed during the length of the period of blindness while the organization of the space composed through the auditory perception develops. 3. In the condition of the sighted. The effect of the masking of the sound on the visual perception of the space. Regarding sighted people wearing headphones with the masking of the sound and without. The latter showed a smaller visual perceptual error. Therefore, it may be assumed that the sound stimulus caused the visual perceptual error.
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TOSHIO SHIOTANI, HIDEKAZU TSUKIGATA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
109-119
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The contents of this paper are as follows : 1) Summary of the "Factual Survey of the Architectural Composition of Farm Houses and Changes in Living Style" 2) Changes in Housing Composition and Architectural Innovation 3) Transfiguration of the Possession of Household Goods and Living Style in farm Houses 4) Changes in the Mode of Housing and Living Style It remains to be seen from the housing requirements in the future whether the transition in the mode of houing and the style of living now in progress will take the form of a new and yet permanent life style of the farming household. Judging from the recent trend, the indices of housing and the life style clarified in the present study, though still fluid, may be concluded to indicate a fixed phase of the life pattern of the farming household that underwent a period of living innovation since the mid-1950's. Supposing that the farming household in the farming village under survey represents the climax of the life pattern of the farming village, the traditional trend of the housing composition of the farmers under survey which is strictly faithful to their traditional framework shold be deemed to indicate an aspect of the trend of the farm houses in the future.
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MICHIKO TSUDA, SHOJI SUMITA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
120-129
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to classify the wooden apartment areas (the wards or cities in which the wooden apartment house holds form more than 25% of the whole) to clarify improvement strategies. The feature of the areas in Tokyo and Osaka is summerized as per the following ; 1) In Metropolitan Tokyo, the wooden apartment areas are located in ordinary urban residential districts. Two kinds of locations can be found and the more densely populated ones are more serious. These areas are considerably widespread and the apartments are relatively equally dispersed among the detached houses. The manner the wooden apartments gather together can be described as "dispersed condition type". Therefore an individual renewal strategy for each wooden apartment is mainly needed. 2) While in Osaka Prefecture, there are three kinds of locations. One is "tenement districts" and another is "industrial". Both are located in Osaka City. An almost "dispersed condition type" situation can be found there, however, they need a more general improvement strategy adapted to each area's problems. The other kind of location in Osaka is "the urban sprawled areas". They are located in four cities near Osaka City and "massed condition type" can be found. Sometimes 100 or 300 apartments are grouped together in one place. A strategy for these areas should aim at improving the wooden apartments, as a group.
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JUNICHI YOSHIDA, KIYOSHI HIRAI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
130-136
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is a study on the chief carpenters ("Toryo") who were controlled by MASAKIYO NAKAI. He was the founder of NAKAI family. From 17th century to the middle of 19th century, NAKAI family were in a position of "Daikugashira" of Edo shogunate. The main subject in this paper is following four points, (1) the earliest example of carpenter who called "Toryo", (2) "Toryo" sometimes written "kimoiri", (3) relation between "Toryo" and carpenters (4) native places of "Toryo".
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HIDEKAZU SHIRAI
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
137-143
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Le terme de bienseance employe en tant que traduction en francais de decor de Vitruve a deja ete un des principes celebres dans les theories theatrales au 17^e siecle en France. Ce concept qu'on peut appeler la loi habituelle en architecture est le reflet de la societe de la cour en France, et on pourrait dire que la parfaite correspondance entre la structure des maisons particulieres et celle de la societe de la cour, que ce concept exprime bien, est une des empreintes du classicisme francais. Des la premiere moitie du 18^e siecle, au lieu de terme de bienseance, celui de convenance est paru. C'est-adire, ces deux mots qui doivent exprimer a peu pres le meme concept issu du ancien terme decor ou decorum, etaient bien employes a l'age classique. D'abord, a l'epoque de Louis XIV, on se servait du mot de bienseance generalement, et des le commencement du 18^e siecle, graduellement, le mot de convenance en etait venu a etre employe preferablement. Historiquement, J.-L. de Cordemoy et M.-A. Laugier ont traite de la bienseance en architecture ou a l'art de batir. Parallerement a eux, M. de Fremin et J.-F. Blondel ont traite de la convenance en architecture. Surtout, Blondel a expose beaucoup de traites sur la convenance dans ses nombreux ouvrages. Ainsi, ces deux concepts sont conduits a la theorie de caractere, qui etait l'element tres important chez les theoriciens dans la seconde moitie du 18^e siecle. Enfin, la bienseance et la convenance sont les signes de la societe de la cour en France, c'est-a-dire, l'esprit francais a l'age classique.
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TATSUKI SATO
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
144-153
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The sexpartite vault is important as the nave vaulting of the early Gothic. However, there cannot be found any comprehensive studies on the problems of its origin, genesis, and of its employment at the early Gothic. The luck of such studies obstructs to make clear the process of formation of the Gothic style. In this paper 1 study the theories of origins and original forms of the sexpatite vault presented after Viollet-le Duc, and set forth my views on these problems. Viollet-le-Duc, Choisy and Lasteyrie supposed that the sexpartite vaults had originated in Ile-de-France, while R.-Robert, Moore, Porter, Aubert, Enlart, Lavedan, Conant, Frankl and many others asserted the Norman origin. The points in dispute on this subject lay in the chronology of sexpartite vaults in Normandy and Ile-de-France, and in the interpretation of the pseudo-sexpartite vault. I examine these points and finally justify the Norman origin. Viollet-le-Duc also supposed the dome as the original form of the sexpartite vault. However, I make it clear that his hypothesis did not based on the historical facts, and that so it found no general acceptance. Generally the square fourpartite vault is supposed as the original form of the sexpartite vault. But its definite source is not yet decided.
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REIKO MACHIDA
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
154-161
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purposes of this study are to seek after the relation between living life style and housework according to social change in modern age, and to consider the aspect of the gradual development about the way of housework. In this paper, I will consider housework of the Isas whose master was a village headman in former times and house has been designated to the valuable cultural asset since 1975. Contents Preface 1. Outline of the Isas' house and the Isas' living life in modern age. 2. Changing process of housework. 3. Subjects for consideration on housework from a standpoint of preservation.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
162-
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1983 Volume 333 Pages
162-165
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1983 Volume 333 Pages
App1-
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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